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Li L, Huang L, Yang A, Feng X, Mo Z, Zhang H, Yang X. Causal Relationship Between Complement C3, C4, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Phenomics 2021; 1:211-221. [PMID: 36939807 PMCID: PMC9590569 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-021-00023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is activated during the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between serum C3 and C4 levels and NAFLD. After exclusion criteria, a total of 1600 Chinese Han men from the Fangchenggang Area Male Health and Examination Survey cohort were enrolled in cross-sectional analysis, while 572 participants were included in the longitudinal analysis (average follow-up of 4 years). We performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using two C3-related, eight C4-related and three NAFLD-related gene loci as instrumental variables to evaluate the causal associations between C3, C4, and NAFLD risk in cross-sectional analysis. Per SD increase in C3 levels was significantly associated with higher risk of NAFLD (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.40, 1.94) in cross-sectional analysis while C4 was not (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.89, 1.21). Longitudinal analysis produced similar results (HRC3 = 1.20, 95% CI 1.02, 1.42; HRC4 = 1.10, 95% CI 0.94, 1.28). In MR analysis, there were no causal relationships for genetically determined C3 levels and NAFLD risk using unweighted or weighted GRS_C3 (βE_unweighted = -0.019, 95% CI -0.019, -0.019, p = 0.202; βE_weighted = -0.019, 95% CI -0.019, -0.019, p = 0.322). Conversely, serum C3 levels were significantly effected by the genetically determined NAFLD (βE_unweighted = 0.020, 95% CI 0.020, 0.020, p = 0.004; βE_weighted = 0.021, 95% CI 0.020, 0.021, p = 0.004). Neither the direction from C4 to NAFLD nor the one from NAFLD to C4 showed significant association. Our results support that the change in serum C3 levels but not C4 levels might be caused by NAFLD in Chinese Han men. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-021-00023-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longman Li
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
- Nanhu Zhuxi Community Healthcare Center, Qingxiu District, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
- grid.412594.fDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Lulu Huang
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Aimin Yang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China
| | - Xiuming Feng
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
- grid.412594.fDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
- grid.440719.f0000 0004 1800 187XDepartment of Public Health, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006 Guangxi China
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