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McDermott EG, Morris EK, Garver LS. Sodium Ascorbate as a Potential Toxicant in Attractive Sugar Baits for Control of Adult Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). J Med Entomol 2019; 56:1359-1367. [PMID: 31134270 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs) can be an effective vector control tool, especially in areas where aerial or aquatic applications of pesticides are undesirable or impractical. In general, there is a need to develop novel or alternative insecticides for vector control, and there is a demand from consumers for more 'natural' pest control products. Sodium ascorbate (SA) is a naturally occurring antioxidant compound, found in fruits and vegetables, and is available commercially in the United States as a food additive and supplement. In this study, we continuously exposed groups of adult Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae), Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli, and Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva; Diptera: Psychodidae) to ATSBs containing SA in concentrations of 6, 8, 10, and 20%, and tracked their mortality over 10 d. We also exposed insects to a 20% SA-ATSB on a single day to determine the effect of a single exposure to the bait on mortality. Concentrations of ≥8% SA significantly reduced survival of both mosquito species over 10 d compared with sugar-fed controls. Sand fly mortality was inconsistent. A single exposure to 20% SA significantly reduced the survival of An. stephensi. Mosquitoes exposed to SA exhibited elevated catalase levels and cell death. The use of SA in ATSBs may be most effective in areas where sugar sources are scarce, and where mosquito species frequently sugar-feed. SA sugar baits may be a particularly attractive option for the general public looking to control mosquito populations using 'natural' alternatives to synthetic insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G McDermott
- Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Erin K Morris
- Histology Branch, Veterinary Services Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Lindsey S Garver
- Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
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da Silva AA, Rebêlo JMM, Carneiro BF, Castro MPP, de Sousa de Almeida M, Ponte IS, Aguiar JVC, Silva FS. Exploiting the Synergistic Effect of Kairomones and Light-Emitting Diodes on the Attraction of Phlebotomine Sand Flies to Light Traps in Brazil. J Med Entomol 2019; 56:1441-1445. [PMID: 31121023 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic effect of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and kairomones on the attraction of sand flies to light traps was evaluated. Octenol and lactic acid were used as chemical attractants. Green LEDs and the incandescent lamps were used as light attractants. Five CDC-type light traps with the respective combination of attractants (incandescent lamp, incandescent lamp + chemical attractant, green LED, green LED + chemical attractant, and chemical attractant alone [without light]) were set between 18:00 and 06:00 following a Latin square design. A total of 6,536 sand flies and 16 species were collected. The most frequent species collected was Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera, Psychodidae) accounting for 43.21% of all individuals. Order of success (mean, SD) of lactic acid attractant fly capture was as follows: LED + lactic acid (36.83 ± 4.74), LED alone (34.87 ± 4.61), incandescent lamp + lactic acid (22.80 ± 3.19), incandescent lamp alone (12.67 ± 2.03), and lactic acid (0.46 ± 0.13). Order of success of octenol attractant fly capture was as follows: LED + octenol (37.23 ± 5.61), LED alone (35.77 ± 5.69), incandescent lamp + octenol (18.63 ± 3.28), incandescent lamp alone (14.67 ± 2.86), and octenol alone (1.80 ± 0.65). With exception of lactic acid + incandescent light, chemical synergists played no part in significantly increasing light trap capture of phlebotomine sand flies. However, the use of LEDs, with or without such attractants, provided significantly higher capture compared to the incandescent lamp with or without such chemicals, showing that LEDs are suitable and efficient light sources for surveillance and monitoring of phlebotomine sand flies in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoliana Araújo da Silva
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Center for Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65500-00, Chapadinha, MA, Brasil
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, CEP: 65080-805. São Luís, MA, Brasil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, CEP: 65080-805. São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, CEP: 65080-805. São Luís, MA, Brasil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, CEP: 65080-805. São Luís, MA, Brasil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, CEP: 65080-805. São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - Bruna Ferreira Carneiro
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Center for Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65500-00, Chapadinha, MA, Brasil
| | - Maria Patrícia Pereira Castro
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Center for Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65500-00, Chapadinha, MA, Brasil
| | - Mayara de Sousa de Almeida
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Center for Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65500-00, Chapadinha, MA, Brasil
| | - Islana Silva Ponte
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Center for Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65500-00, Chapadinha, MA, Brasil
| | - João Vitor Castro Aguiar
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Center for Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65500-00, Chapadinha, MA, Brasil
| | - Francinaldo Soares Silva
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Center for Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65500-00, Chapadinha, MA, Brasil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, CEP: 65080-805. São Luís, MA, Brasil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, CEP: 65080-805. São Luís, MA, Brasil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Center for Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, Chapadinha, MA, Brasil
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Lopes JV, Michalsky EM, Pereira NCL, de Paula AJV, Lara-Silva FO, Silva-Lana R, Fortes-Dias CL, Pinheiro LC, Dias ES. Entomological Studies in Itaúna, Brazil, an Area With Visceral Leishmaniasis Transmission: Fauna Survey, Natural Leishmania Infection, and Molecular Characterization of the Species Circulating in Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). J Med Entomol 2019; 56:1368-1376. [PMID: 31121044 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Among neglected tropical diseases, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) shows great relevance in global terms and is a serious public health concern due to the possibility of severe and lethal forms in humans. In this study, we evaluate entomological factors such as diversity and abundance of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera:Psychodidae) and the Leishmania species circulating in these species in possible association with VL transmission in the Brazilian town Itaúna. The entomological collections were performed during three consecutive nights, always in the third week of each month, within a period of 12 mo. A total of 1,786 sand fly specimens were collected, from which 20% were collected inside houses. The influence of three local climatic variables (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity) on the population sizes of these insects was evaluated. Temperature was the most influential factor, with a significant positive correlation with the local population size of phlebotomine sand flies collected per month. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) was the predominant species in the study area. Leishmania DNA was detected in nine out of 133 pools of sand fly females, using nested/PCR, which resulted in a minimal natural infection rate of 2.91%. DNA from Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatida), was detected in Evandromyia cortelezzii (Bréthes, 1923), Ev. evandroi (Costa, Lima & Antunes, 1936), Ev. lenti (Mangabeira, 1938), and Ev. termitophila (Martins, Falcão & Silva, 1964), besides Lu. longipalpis. Our study indicates favorable conditions for VL spreading in Itaúna due to the presence of Lu. longipalpis and Le. infantum-infected phlebotomine sand flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane V Lopes
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Erika M Michalsky
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Nathalia C L Pereira
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Adão J V de Paula
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Fabiana O Lara-Silva
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Rosana Silva-Lana
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Consuelo L Fortes-Dias
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias - Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro 80 Gameleira, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Leticia C Pinheiro
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Edelberto S Dias
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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