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Elijah JO, Mamman M, Sani D, Yusuf PO, Yusuf H, Elijah MO, Enam SJ, Abari JA, Jolayemi KO, Otie D. Effects of crude methanol extract of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp on Naja nigricollis venom-induce toxicity in Wistar rats. J Complement Integr Med 2023; 20:112-119. [PMID: 36398910 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effects of Crude Methanol Extract of Adansonia digitata Fruit Pulp on Naja nigricollis Venom-Induce Toxicity in Wistar rats. METHODS A. digitata was extracted using 70% methanol and median lethal dose (LD50) of both the extract and venom were determined using the up-and-down method. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 10 groups of 6 rats each and were administered with normal saline, venom only, venom + antivenom, 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg crude methanol extract (CME) pre-envenomation, 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg CME post-envenomation, and venom + antivenom + 250 mg/kg CME, respectively. Blood samples were collected 8-h post-envenomation in EDTA and plain sample bottles. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) test was carried out on the EDTA blood samples while serum was harvested and used for Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) assays. RESULTS LD50 of the CME and venom was >5,000 mg/kg and 0.889 mg/kg, respectively. N. nigricollis-induced oxidative stress was evident in group B through increased % haemolysis, MDA and lowered SOD activities. The groups treated with antivenom only, 250 mg/kg CME post-envenomation and antivenom +250 mg/kg CME significantly (p<0.05) reduced EOF, MDA values and increased SOD. The CME revealed better ameliorative effect than protective via inhibition of EOF, MDA values and increased SOD activity. CONCLUSIONS The CME when administered singly showed more ameliorative properties and the combination of CME with antivenom for protection was not as effective as when compared to single administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Mamman
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Dahiru Sani
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Peter Ofemile Yusuf
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Hindatu Yusuf
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Federal University, Dutse, Nigeria
| | | | - Samson James Enam
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - John Addra Abari
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Dennis Otie
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Atuadu V, Benneth BA, Oyem J, Esom E, Mba C, Nebo K, Ezemeka G, Anibeze C. Adansonia digitata L. leaf extract attenuates lead-induced cortical histoarchitectural changes and oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex of adult male Wistar rats. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 0:/j/dmdi.ahead-of-print/dmdi-2020-0116/dmdi-2020-0116.xml. [PMID: 33085634 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2020-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Adansonia digitata L. is popularly known for the management of various neurological diseases in ethno-medicine. Studies have shown that lead toxicity is a possible risk factor for early onset of neurodegenerative disease. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of A. digitata aqueous leaf extract (ADALE) against lead-induced oxidative stress and histo-architectural changes in the prefrontal cortex of adult Wistar rats. Methods Saline (10 mL/kg), ADALE (500 and 1000 mg/kg) and EDTA (55 mg/kg) were pretreated orally 30 min prior to lead acetate (LA) (120 mg/kg) administration to male Wistar rats (n=7) for 21 days. Thereafter, standard biochemical (superoxide dismutate, catalase, glutathionxe and malondialdehyde), histological (H&E) and histochemical assessment (crystyl fast violet stain for nissil substance) were carried out in the prefrontal cortex. Results ADALE significantly (p<0.05) reversed LA-induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased catalase, superoxide dismutase and oxidized glutathione levels, and decreased malondialdehyde concentration in the prefrontal cortex. Also, the increase chromatolysis and neuronal pyknosis of the pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex were significantly attenuated by ADALE. Conclusions The result of this study showed that A. digitata aqueous leaf extract attenuated lead acetate-induced cortical neurodegeneration via inhibition of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Atuadu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ben-Azu Benneth
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, River States, Nigeria
| | - John Oyem
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Esom
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chris Mba
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Kate Nebo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Godswill Ezemeka
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chike Anibeze
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Shehu A, Magaji MG, Yau J, Ahmed A. Methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like behavior: Involvement of the HPA axis, BDNF, and stress biomarkers pathways. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 30:jbcpp-2018-0153. [PMID: 31017871 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae) is used locally in the management of depressive illnesses, and its antidepressant-like effect has been previously reported. The present study was aimed at determining the effect of the methanol extract of the stem bark of A. digitata (MEAD) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and the possible mechanism responsible for its antidepressant activity. Methods Acute toxicity of MEAD was determined using the OECD guideline 420. The CUMS model was used to induce depression, and behavioral tests such as sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), novel-object recognition test (NORT), and tail suspension test (TST) were carried out in mice. The concentrations of plasma cortisol and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein in the brain were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed using colorimetric methods. Results The LD50 was established to be ≥5000 mg/kg. On CUMS-induced depression, MEAD significantly (p ≤ 0.05) and dose dependently reversed the weight loss, increased the line-crossing activity in OFT, increased sucrose consumption in SPT, decreased the duration of immobility in TST, and increased the novelty exploration time in NORT. The MEAD extract significantly (p ≤ 0.05) and dose dependently increased the levels of BDNF, decreased the levels of plasma cortisol, increased the levels of total SOD activity, and decreased the levels of plasma MDA. Conclusion Our findings show that MEAD ameliorates CUMS-induced depressive-like behavior and its effect is possibly mediated via the neuroendocrine, neurotrophic, and oxidative stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishatu Shehu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Nigeria, Phone: + 234 803 6028298
| | - Mohammed Garba Magaji
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Jamilu Yau
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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