1
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Plain C, Ndiaye FK, Bonnaud P, Ranger J, Epron D. Impact of vegetation on the methane budget of a temperate forest. New Phytol 2019; 221:1447-1456. [PMID: 30267569 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Upland forest soils are known to be the main biological sink for methane, but studies have shown that net methane uptake of a forest ecosystem can be reduced when methane emissions by vegetation are considered. We estimated the methane budget of a young oak plantation by considering tree stems but also the understorey vegetation. Automated chambers connected to a laser-based gas analyser, on tree stems, bare soil and soil covered with understorey vegetation, recorded CH4 fluxes for 7 months at 3 h intervals. Tree stem emissions were low and equated to only 0.1% of the soil sink. Conversely, the presence of understorey vegetation increased soil methane uptake. This plant-driven enhancement of CH4 uptake occurred when the soil was consuming methane. At the stand level, the methane budget shifted from -1.4 ± 0.4 kg C ha-1 when we upscaled data obtained only on bare soil, to -2.9 ± 0.6 kg C ha-1 when we considered soil area that was covered with understorey vegetation. These results indicate that aerenchymatous plant species, which are known to reduce the methane sink in wetlands, actually increase soil methane uptake two-fold in an upland forest by enhancing methane and oxygen transport and/or by promoting growth of methanotrophic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Plain
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Fatou-Kiné Ndiaye
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Daniel Epron
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
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2
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Weber R, Schwendener A, Schmid S, Lambert S, Wiley E, Landhäusser SM, Hartmann H, Hoch G. Living on next to nothing: tree seedlings can survive weeks with very low carbohydrate concentrations. New Phytol 2018; 218:107-118. [PMID: 29424009 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The usage of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) to indicate carbon (C) limitation in trees requires knowledge of the minimum tissue NSC concentrations at lethal C starvation, and the NSC dynamics during and after severe C limitation. We completely darkened and subsequently released seedlings of two deciduous and two evergreen temperate tree species for varying periods. NSCs were measured in all major organs, allowing assessment of whole-seedling NSC balances. NSCs decreased fast in darkness, but seedlings survived species-specific whole-seedling starch concentrations as low as 0.4-0.8% per dry matter (DM), and sugar (sucrose, glucose and fructose) concentrations as low as 0.5-2.0% DM. After re-illumination, the refilling of NSC pools began within 3 wk, while the resumption of growth was delayed or restricted. All seedlings had died after 12 wk of darkness, and starch and sugar concentrations in most tissues were lower than 1% DM. We conclude that under the applied conditions, tree seedlings can survive several weeks with very low NSC reserves probably also using alternative C sources like lipids, proteins or hemicelluloses; lethal C starvation cannot be assumed, if NSC concentrations are higher than the minimum concentrations found in surviving seedlings; and NSC reformation after re-illumination occurs preferentially over growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Weber
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Schwendener
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Schmid
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Savoyane Lambert
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knöll Strasse 10, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Erin Wiley
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Simon M Landhäusser
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knöll Strasse 10, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Günter Hoch
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
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3
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Martínez-Sancho E, Dorado-Liñán I, Gutiérrez Merino E, Matiu M, Helle G, Heinrich I, Menzel A. Increased water-use efficiency translates into contrasting growth patterns of Scots pine and sessile oak at their southern distribution limits. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:1012-1028. [PMID: 29030903 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In forests, the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations (Ca ) has been related to enhanced tree growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). However, in drought-prone areas such as the Mediterranean Basin, it is not yet clear to what extent this "fertilizing" effect may compensate for drought-induced growth reduction. We investigated tree growth and physiological responses at five Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and five sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) sites located at their southernmost distribution limits in Europe for the period 1960-2012 using annually resolved tree-ring width and δ13 C data to track ecophysiological processes. Results indicated that all 10 natural stands significantly increased their leaf intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci ), and consequently iWUE. Different trends in the theoretical gas-exchange scenarios as a response to increasing Ca were found: generally, Ci tended to increase proportionally to Ca , except for trees at the driest sites in which Ci remained constant. Ci from the oak sites displaying higher water availability tended to increase at a comparable rate to Ca . Multiple linear models fitted at site level to predict basal area increment (BAI) using iWUE and climatic variables better explained tree growth in pines (31.9%-71.4%) than in oak stands (15.8%-46.8%). iWUE was negatively linked to pine growth, whereas its effect on growth of oak differed across sites. Tree growth in the western and central oak stands was negatively related to iWUE, whereas BAI from the easternmost stand was positively associated with iWUE. Thus, some Q. petraea stands might have partially benefited from the "fertilizing" effect of rising Ca , whereas P. sylvestris stands due to their strict closure of stomata did not profit from increased iWUE and consequently showed in general growth reductions across sites. Additionally, the inter-annual variability of BAI and iWUE displayed a geographical polarity in the Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Martínez-Sancho
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Isabel Dorado-Liñán
- Departamento de Silvicultura y Gestión de los Sistemas Forestales, CIFOR-INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Gutiérrez Merino
- Departament of Biological Evolution, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Matiu
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Gerhard Helle
- Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, GFZ - German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ingo Heinrich
- Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, GFZ - German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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4
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Truffaut L, Chancerel E, Ducousso A, Dupouey JL, Badeau V, Ehrenmann F, Kremer A. Fine-scale species distribution changes in a mixed oak stand over two successive generations. New Phytol 2017; 215:126-139. [PMID: 28444962 PMCID: PMC5624485 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale tree distribution changes have received considerable attention but underlying demo-genetic mechanisms are less well documented. We used a diachronic approach to track species shifts in a mixed oak stand (Quercus petraea-Quercus robur) at a fine spatiotemporal scale. Species assignment was made using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) fingerprints employing clustering and parentage analysis. Mating patterns and reproductive success were assessed by parentage analysis. Plot-based inventories of soil parameters and sapling densities provided ecological and demographic information, respectively. Sapling density and reproductive success was higher in Q. petraea than in Q. robur, and were correlated with a spatial expansion of Q. petraea (50% to 67% of the area). Admixed trees resulting from hybridization and backcrossing between the two species were more frequent under the Q. robur canopy. We suspect that species' differential responses to ongoing environmental changes and interspecific competition are the predominant factors accounting for the recruitment success of Q. petraea, while human interference, differential reproduction and hybridization (and backcrossings) are probably of more limited importance. We anticipate in mixed Q. petraea-Q. robur stands, under current ongoing environmental change, that these processes will be enhanced, at least in the western part of the distribution of the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Truffaut
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, F-33615 Pessac,
France
| | - Emilie Chancerel
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, F-33615 Pessac,
France
| | - Alexis Ducousso
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, F-33615 Pessac,
France
| | - Jean Luc Dupouey
- INRA Université de Lorraine UMR 1137 ‘Ecologie et
Ecophysiologie Forestières’, route d’Amance, F-54280
Champenoux, France
| | - Vincent Badeau
- INRA Université de Lorraine UMR 1137 ‘Ecologie et
Ecophysiologie Forestières’, route d’Amance, F-54280
Champenoux, France
| | - François Ehrenmann
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, F-33615 Pessac,
France
| | - Antoine Kremer
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, F-33615 Pessac,
France
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5
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Sáenz-Romero C, Lamy JB, Ducousso A, Musch B, Ehrenmann F, Delzon S, Cavers S, Chałupka W, Dağdaş S, Hansen JK, Lee SJ, Liesebach M, Rau HM, Psomas A, Schneck V, Steiner W, Zimmermann NE, Kremer A. Adaptive and plastic responses of Quercus petraea populations to climate across Europe. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:2831-2847. [PMID: 27885754 PMCID: PMC5624497 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
How temperate forests will respond to climate change is uncertain; projections range from severe decline to increased growth. We conducted field tests of sessile oak (Quercus petraea), a widespread keystone European forest tree species, including more than 150 000 trees sourced from 116 geographically diverse populations. The tests were planted on 23 field sites in six European countries, in order to expose them to a wide range of climates, including sites reflecting future warmer and drier climates. By assessing tree height and survival, our objectives were twofold: (i) to identify the source of differential population responses to climate (genetic differentiation due to past divergent climatic selection vs. plastic responses to ongoing climate change) and (ii) to explore which climatic variables (temperature or precipitation) trigger the population responses. Tree growth and survival were modeled for contemporary climate and then projected using data from four regional climate models for years 2071-2100, using two greenhouse gas concentration trajectory scenarios each. Overall, results indicated a moderate response of tree height and survival to climate variation, with changes in dryness (either annual or during the growing season) explaining the major part of the response. While, on average, populations exhibited local adaptation, there was significant clinal population differentiation for height growth with winter temperature at the site of origin. The most moderate climate model (HIRHAM5-EC; rcp4.5) predicted minor decreases in height and survival, while the most extreme model (CCLM4-GEM2-ES; rcp8.5) predicted large decreases in survival and growth for southern and southeastern edge populations (Hungary and Turkey). Other nonmarginal populations with continental climates were predicted to be severely and negatively affected (Bercé, France), while populations at the contemporary northern limit (colder and humid maritime regions; Denmark and Norway) will probably not show large changes in growth and survival in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Biodiversité Gènes & Communautés (UMR 1202 BIOGECO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) – Université de Bordeaux , 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33610 Cestas, France
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. San Juanito Itzícuaro s/n, Col. Nueva Esperanza, Morelia Michoacán 58337, México
| | | | - Alexis Ducousso
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Biodiversité Gènes & Communautés (UMR 1202 BIOGECO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) – Université de Bordeaux , 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33610 Cestas, France
| | - Brigitte Musch
- Office National des Forêts, Conservatoire Génétique des Arbres Forestiers, 2163 Avenue de la pomme de pin, 45075 Orléans Cedex, France
| | - François Ehrenmann
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Biodiversité Gènes & Communautés (UMR 1202 BIOGECO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) – Université de Bordeaux , 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33610 Cestas, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Biodiversité Gènes & Communautés (UMR 1202 BIOGECO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) – Université de Bordeaux , 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33610 Cestas, France
| | - Stephen Cavers
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, United Kingdom EH26 0QB
| | - Władysław Chałupka
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, PL-62-035 Kornik, Poland
| | - Said Dağdaş
- Forest Tending Division of Silviculture Department, General Directorate of Forestry- Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, 06560 Söğütözü Caddesi, Bestepe, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Jon Kehlet Hansen
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Steve J Lee
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9SY, Scotland
| | - Mirko Liesebach
- Thünen-Institut für Forstgenetik, Sieker Landstrasse. 2, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Rau
- Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Abteilung Waldgenressourcen, Professor-Oelkers-Straße 6, 34346 Hann. Münden, Germany
| | - Achilleas Psomas
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Volker Schneck
- Thünen-Institut für Forstgenetik, Eberswalder Chaussee 3A, 15377 Waldsieversdorf, Germany
| | - Wilfried Steiner
- Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Abteilung Waldgenressourcen, Professor-Oelkers-Straße 6, 34346 Hann. Münden, Germany
| | - Niklaus E. Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Kremer
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Biodiversité Gènes & Communautés (UMR 1202 BIOGECO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) – Université de Bordeaux , 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33610 Cestas, France
- Corresponding author: Phone: + (33) 5 5712-2832
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6
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Schmid S, Palacio S, Hoch G. Growth reduction after defoliation is independent of CO 2 supply in deciduous and evergreen young oaks. New Phytol 2017; 214:1479-1490. [PMID: 28240369 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Reduced productivity of trees after defoliation might be caused by limited carbon (C) availability. We investigated the combined effect of different atmospheric CO2 concentrations (160, 280 and 560 ppm) and early season defoliation on the growth and C reserves (nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC)) of saplings of two oak species with different leaf habits (deciduous Quercus petraea and evergreen Quercus ilex). In both species, higher CO2 supply significantly enhanced growth. Defoliation had a strong negative impact on growth (stronger for Q. ilex), but the relative reduction of growth caused by defoliation within each CO2 treatment was very similar across all three CO2 concentrations. Low CO2 and defoliation led to decreased NSC tissue concentrations mainly in the middle of the growing season in Q. ilex, but not in Q. petraea. However, also in Q. ilex, NSC increased in woody tissues in defoliated and low-CO2 saplings towards the end of the growing season. Although the saplings were C limited under these specific experimental conditions, growth reduction after defoliation was not directly caused by C limitation. Rather, growth of trees followed a strong allometric relationship between total leaf area and conductive woody tissue, which did not change across species, CO2 concentrations and defoliation treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schmid
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Sara Palacio
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE-CSIC), Av. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria, 16, Jaca, 22700, Spain
| | - Günter Hoch
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
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7
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Cailleret M, Bigler C, Bugmann H, Camarero JJ, Cˇufar K, Davi H, Mészáros I, Minunno F, Peltoniemi M, Robert EMR, Suarez ML, Tognetti R, Martínez-Vilalta J. Towards a common methodology for developing logistic tree mortality models based on ring-width data. Ecol Appl 2016; 26:1827-1841. [PMID: 27755692 DOI: 10.1890/15-1402.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tree mortality is a key process shaping forest dynamics. Thus, there is a growing need for indicators of the likelihood of tree death. During the last decades, an increasing number of tree-ring based studies have aimed to derive growth-mortality functions, mostly using logistic models. The results of these studies, however, are difficult to compare and synthesize due to the diversity of approaches used for the sampling strategy (number and characteristics of alive and death observations), the type of explanatory growth variables included (level, trend, etc.), and the length of the time window (number of years preceding the alive/death observation) that maximized the discrimination ability of each growth variable. We assess the implications of key methodological decisions when developing tree-ring based growth-mortality relationships using logistic mixed-effects regression models. As examples, we use published tree-ring datasets from Abies alba (13 different sites), Nothofagus dombeyi (one site), and Quercus petraea (one site). Our approach is based on a constant sampling size and aims at (1) assessing the dependency of growth-mortality relationships on the statistical sampling scheme used, (2) determining the type of explanatory growth variables that should be considered, and (3) identifying the best length of the time window used to calculate them. The performance of tree-ring-based mortality models was reasonably high for all three species (area under the receiving operator characteristics curve, AUC > 0.7). Growth level variables were the most important predictors of mortality probability for two species (A. alba, N. dombeyi), while growth-trend variables need to be considered for Q. petraea. In addition, the length of the time window used to calculate each growth variable was highly uncertain and depended on the sampling scheme, as some growth-mortality relationships varied with tree age. The present study accounts for the main sampling-related biases to determine reliable species-specific growth-mortality relationships. Our results highlight the importance of using a sampling strategy that is consistent with the research question. Moving towards a common methodology for developing reliable growth-mortality relationships is an important step towards improving our understanding of tree mortality across species and its representation in dynamic vegetation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Cailleret
- Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Christof Bigler
- Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Harald Bugmann
- Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jesús Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE, CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Katarina Cˇufar
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana,SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hendrik Davi
- INRA, URFM, UR 629, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc, F-84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Ilona Mészáros
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, PO Box 14, H-4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Francesco Minunno
- Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Mikko Peltoniemi
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokiniemenkuja 1, 01301, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Elisabeth M R Robert
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management (APNA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Wood Biology and Xylarium, Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), B-3080, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - María Laura Suarez
- INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional Comahue, Quintral 1250, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Roberto Tognetti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Pesche, I-86090, Italy
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès E-08193, Barcelona, Spain
- University Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès E-08193, Barcelona, Spain
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