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Waye JS, Hanna M, Hohenadel BA, Nakamura L, Walker L, Eng B, Nfonsam LE. Newborn Screening for β-Thalassemia Identifies a Complex Genotype Involving a Novel β-Globin Gene Mutation ( HBB:c.336dup). Hemoglobin 2024:1-3. [PMID: 38565194 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2024.2328220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Newborn screening identified a Chinese-Canadian infant who was positive for possible β-thalassemia (β-thal). Detailed family studies demonstrated that the proband was a compound heterozygote for the Chinese Gγ(Aγδβ)0-thal deletion and a novel frameshift mutation within exon 3 (HBB:c.336dup), and heterozygous for the Southeast Asian α-thal deletion (--SEA/αα). This case illustrates the importance of follow-up molecular testing of positive newborn screening results to confirm the diagnosis and define risks for future pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Waye
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meredith Hanna
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Betty-Ann Hohenadel
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Nakamura
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynda Walker
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barry Eng
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Landry E Nfonsam
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Waye JS, Hanna M, Nakamura L, Walker L, Eng B, Nfonsam LE. Splice Acceptor Mutation [ HBB:c.93-2A > T] in a Patient with Hb S/β 0-Thalassemia. Hemoglobin 2024; 48:116-117. [PMID: 38360540 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2024.2314075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
We report a case of Hb S/β0-thalassemia (Hb S/β0-thal) in a patient who is a compound heterozygote for the Hb Sickle mutation (HBB:c.20A > T) and a mutation of the canonical splice acceptor sequence of IVS1 (AG > TG, HBB:c.93-2A > T). This is the fifth mutation involving the AG splice acceptor site of IVS1, all of which prevent normal splicing and cause β0-thal.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Waye
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Meredith Hanna
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lisa Nakamura
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lynda Walker
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Barry Eng
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Landry E Nfonsam
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Waye JS, Hanna M, Hohenadel BA, Nakamura L, Walker L, Eng B, Nfonsam LE. β 0-Thalassemia Caused by a Novel Nonsense Mutation [ HBB:c.199A > T]. Hemoglobin 2024; 48:69-70. [PMID: 38425097 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2024.2322518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
We report two hemoglobinopathy cases involving a novel β-thalassemia (β-thal) nonsense mutation, HBB:c.199A > T. One patient had Hb S/β-thal, and a second unrelated patient had Hb D-Punjab/β-thal. The HBB:c.199A > T mutation introduces a premature termination codon at amino acid codon 66 (AAA→TAA) in exon 2, resulting in typical high Hb A2 β0-thal.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Waye
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meredith Hanna
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Betty-Ann Hohenadel
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Nakamura
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynda Walker
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barry Eng
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Landry E Nfonsam
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Qiu Y, Wei S, Hou W, Lai K, Zhu H, Li W, Li Q, Yang Z, Shu Q, Chen P, Mo W. Molecular Basis and Hematologic Phenotype of Hemoglobin H Disease Combined with Two Rare β-Globin Mutations. Hemoglobin 2023:1-4. [PMID: 37309066 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2023.2219008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In area where α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia are prevalent, the coinheritance of hemoglobin H disease (Hb H disease) and β-thalassemia are not uncommon and could result in complex thalassemia intermedia syndromes. In this study, we investigate the hematological and molecular characteristics of two previously undescribed cases that co-inherited Hb H disease and rare β-globin gene (HBB) mutations found in Chinese populations. Proband I was a boy with Hb H disease in association with IVS-II-5(G > C) (HBB:c0.315 + 5G > C) mutation. Proband II was a boy with a combination of Hb H and Hb Zengcheng [β114(G16) Leu > Met; HBB:c.343C > A]. Both of them had mild hypochromic microcytic anemia, and neither had ever received a blood transfusion. In both cases, the level of Hb A2 was within normal range, and no Hb H was detected, but a small amount of Hb Bart's was observed in proband I. Routine DNA analysis detected the deletional Hb H disease in both cases. IVS-II-5(G > C) (HBB:c0.315 + 5G > C) and Hb Zengcheng (HBB:c.343C > A) mutations were found by DNA sequencing of β-globin gene. The co-inheritance of Hb H disease with rare β-thalassemia may result in an atypical pattern of Hb H disease, and further investigation of rare genotypes should be conducted to avoid missed diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shilu Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ketong Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hengying Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenwei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qi Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qisheng Shu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wuning Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Pan L, Tian P, Chen S, Zhang R. Novel Promoter Mutation ( HBB:C.-139_-138del) Associated with β-Thalassemia Trait Detected by Next-Generation Sequencing in Southern China. Hemoglobin 2023; 47:21-24. [PMID: 36866928 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2023.2182215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a novel β-globin gene mutation in the promoter (HBB:c.-139_-138delAC) detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The proband was a 28-year-old Chinese male, living in Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, who originates from Hunan Province. The red cell indices were almost normal, with a slightly decreased Red Cell volume Distribution Width(RDW). Capillary electrophoresis (CE) showed the Hb A (93.1%) value was below normal, while the Hb A2 (4.2%) and Hb F (2.7%) values were both beyond normal. A set of genetic tests of the α and β-globin genes were then performed to determine whether the subject carried any causative mutations. The results of NGS revealed a two-base pair deletion at position -89 to -88(HBB:c.-139_-138delAC)in the heterozygous state, which was subsequently confirmed by Sanger sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Peirun Tian
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Shiping Chen
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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Zhuang J, Luo Q, Zeng S, Chen Y, Lin S, Wang Y, Jiang Y. A First Clinical and Molecular Study of Rare IVS-II-806 (G > C) (HBB:c.316-45G > C) Variant in the β-globin Gene: A Possibly Benign Variant. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2023; 39:102-106. [PMID: 36699435 PMCID: PMC9868022 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-022-01555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction β-thalassemia is a common genetic disease affecting a single gene, disease with a high incidence in South China. We hereby, aim to provide the clinical and hematological features of a rare β-globin gene variant in the Chinese population. Methods Ten subjects from three unrelated Chinese families were enrolled in this study. Hematological analysis and thalassemia gene testing were preformed to screen for common α and β-thalassemia variants. Gap-polymerase chain reaction (Gap-PCR) and DNA sequencing were utilized to examine the rare or novel thalassemia variants. Results Six cases were identified carrying the rare IVS-II-806 (G > C) (HBB:c.316-45G > C) variant in the β-globin gene. The proband in family 1 carry three rare β-globin gene mutations including CD39 (C > T), IVS-II-81 (C > T) and IVS-II-806 (G > C) combined with a --SEA/αα deletion, exhibiting the β-thalassemia trait. Further pedigree investigation indicated that the genotype of the proband in family 1 was --SEA/αα, βCD39 (C>T), IVS-II-81(C>T)/βIVS-II-806(G>C). Meanwhile, the twin girls in family 1 carrying the IVS-II-806 (G > C) mutation demonstrated a normal hematological phenotype. In family 2, the proband and his sister carry the IVS-II-806 (G > C) mutation, eliciting high levels of Hb A2 and slightly low levels of MCV and MCH. Moreover, the proband in family 3 carrying the same mutation exhibited a slightly low MCV level as well. Conclusions In this study, clinical and hematological analysis of the IVS-II-806 (G > C) mutation was first conducted within the Chinese population, with results indicating that it may be a benign variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Zhuang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian Province China
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of public health for women and children, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian Province China
| | - Shuhong Zeng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian Province China
| | - Yu’e Chen
- Ultrasonography, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian Province China
| | - Shuxia Lin
- Department of women healthcare, Huian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian Province China
| | - Yuanbai Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian Province China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian Province China
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7
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Nain N, Singh A, Khan S, Kaushik M, Kukreti S. Structural switching/polymorphism by sequential base substitution at quasi-palindromic SNP site (G → A) in LCR of human β-globin gene cluster. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 201:216-25. [PMID: 34973267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The human β-globin gene Locus Control Region (LCR), a dominant regulator of globin gene expression contains five tissue-specific DNase I-hypersensitive sites (HSs). A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (A → G) present in HS4 region of locus control region (LCR), have shown a notable association between the G allele and the occurrence of β-thalassemia. This SNP site exhibiting a hairpin - duplex equilibrium manifested in A → B like DNA transition has previously been reported from this laboratory. Since, DNA is a dynamic and adaptable molecule, so any change of a single base within a primary DNA sequence can produce major biological consequences commonly manifested in genetic disorders such as sickle cell anemia and β-thalassemia. Herein, the differential behavior of sequential single base substitutions G → A on the quasi-palindromic sequence (d-TGGGGGCCCCA; HPG11) has been explored. A combination of native gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism (CD), and UV-thermal denaturation (Tm) techniques have been used to investigate the structural polymorphism associated with various variants of HPG11 i.e. HPG11A2 to HPG11A5. The CD spectra confirmed that all the HPG11 variants exhibit a hairpin - duplex equilibrium. Oligomer concentration dependence on CD spectra has been correlated with A → B DNA conformational transition. However, as revealed in gel electrophoresis, HPG11A2 → A5 exhibit the formation of a tetramolecular structure (four-way junction) at higher oligomer concentration. UV-melting studies also supported the melting of hairpin, duplex and four-way junction structure. This polymorphism pattern may possibly be significant for DNA-protein recognition, in the process of regulation of LCR in the β-globin gene.
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Sen A, Seenappa V, Chakrabarti P, Dolai TK. First Report of the 3'-Untranslated Region +1506 (A>C) [NM_000518.5: c.*32A>C] mutation on the β-Globin Gene in the Indian Population. Hemoglobin 2021; 45:325-328. [PMID: 34886762 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2021.2011314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) is well known to be associated with the post-transcriptional regulation, because of the presence of important sequences that influence the fate of mRNA, and thus, in protein synthesis. The present study describes a point mutation on the β-globin 3'-UTR, +1506 (A>C) (HBB: c.*32A>C) in an Indian family during prenatal diagnosis (PND) screening of an at-risk couple. The members of the family heterozygous for this mutation presented with a typical β-thalassemia (β-thal) phenotype. The haplotype analysis of the β-globin gene cluster was determined for this mutation and observed to be linked with haplotype [- + - + + + +]. Common α-globin gene deletions, triplication, and the Xmnl polymorphism, were also looked for and found to be absent in the family. The identified HBB: c.*32A>C mutation is located in the first adenylate uridylate (AU) motif of the four AU motifs situated in the 3'-UTR region of the β-globin gene. Bioinformatics analysis revealed binding of two miRNAs, hsa-miR-451a and hsa-miR-3914, at the mutation position, possibly influencing the mRNA stability by recruiting RNA binding proteins. This is the third publication reporting the 3'-UTR +1506 (A>C) mutation worldwide and the first report of the existence of this mutation in the Indian population, emphasizing the high heterogeneity of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sen
- Department of Haematology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Venu Seenappa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lifecell International Pvt. Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prantar Chakrabarti
- Department of Haematology, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tuphan Kanti Dolai
- Department of Haematology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Jaing TH, Chang TY, Chen SH, Lin CW, Wen YC, Chiu CC. Molecular genetics of β-thalassemia: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27522. [PMID: 34766559 PMCID: PMC8589257 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT β-thalassemia is a hereditary hematological disease caused by over 350 mutations in the β-globin gene (HBB). Identifying the genetic variants affecting fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production combined with the α-globin genotype provides some prediction of disease severity for β-thalassemia. However, the generation of an additive composite genetic risk score predicts prognosis, and guide management requires a larger panel of genetic modifiers yet to be discovered.Presently, using data from prior clinical trials guides the design of further research and academic studies based on gene augmentation, while fundamental insights into globin switching and new technology developments have inspired the investigation of novel gene therapy approaches.Genetic studies have successfully characterized the causal variants and pathways involved in HbF regulation, providing novel therapeutic targets for HbF reactivation. In addition to these HBB mutation-independent strategies involving HbF synthesis de-repression, the expanding genome editing toolkit provides increased accuracy to HBB mutation-specific strategies encompassing adult hemoglobin restoration for personalized treatment of hemoglobinopathies. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was, until very recently, the curative option available for patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia. Gene therapy currently represents a novel therapeutic promise after many years of extensive preclinical research to optimize gene transfer protocols.We summarize the current state of developments in the molecular genetics of β-thalassemia over the last decade, including the mechanisms associated with ineffective erythropoiesis, which have also provided valid therapeutic targets, some of which have been shown as a proof-of-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang-Her Jaing
- Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yen Chang
- Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiang Chen
- Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Wen
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chiu
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Abstract
Thalassemia is characterized by the impaired synthesis of globin chains due to disease-causing variants in α- or β-globin genes. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular basis underlying α- and β-thalassemia, and of the current technologies used to characterize these disease-causing variants for the diagnosis of thalassemia. Understanding these molecular basis and technologies will prove to be beneficial for the accurate diagnosis of thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Soo Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Im Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Sup Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Uchida N, Li L, Nassehi T, Drysdale CM, Yapundich M, Gamer J, Haro-Mora JJ, Demirci S, Leonard A, Bonifacino AC, Krouse AE, Linde NS, Allen C, Peshwa MV, De Ravin SS, Donahue RE, Malech HL, Tisdale JF. Preclinical evaluation for engraftment of CD34 + cells gene-edited at the sickle cell disease locus in xenograft mouse and non-human primate models. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100247. [PMID: 33948577 PMCID: PMC8080237 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a 20A > T mutation in the β-globin gene. Genome-editing technologies have the potential to correct the SCD mutation in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), producing adult hemoglobin while simultaneously eliminating sickle hemoglobin. Here, we developed high-efficiency viral vector-free non-footprint gene correction in SCD CD34+ cells with electroporation to deliver SCD mutation-targeting guide RNA, Cas9 endonuclease, and 100-mer single-strand donor DNA encoding intact β-globin sequence, achieving therapeutic-level gene correction at DNA (∼30%) and protein (∼80%) levels. Gene-edited SCD CD34+ cells contributed corrected cells 6 months post-xenograft mouse transplant without off-target δ-globin editing. We then developed a rhesus β-to-βs-globin gene conversion strategy to model HSC-targeted genome editing for SCD and demonstrate the engraftment of gene-edited CD34+ cells 10-12 months post-transplant in rhesus macaques. In summary, gene-corrected CD34+ HSCs are engraftable in xenograft mice and non-human primates. These findings are helpful in designing HSC-targeted gene correction trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tina Nassehi
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claire M. Drysdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morgan Yapundich
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jackson Gamer
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan J. Haro-Mora
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Selami Demirci
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexis Leonard
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Allen E. Krouse
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N. Seth Linde
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Suk See De Ravin
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert E. Donahue
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harry L. Malech
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John F. Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Shomali W, Brar R, Arekapudi SR, Gotlib JR. A Kindred with a β-Globin Base Substitution [β89(F5)Ser→Arg (AG T>AG G); HBB: c.270T>G] Resulting in Hemoglobin Vanderbilt. Hemoglobin 2019; 43:273-276. [PMID: 31657650 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2019.1680382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
High oxygen affinity hemoglobins (Hbs), characterized by a decreased ability to release oxygen to the tissues and a left-shifted oxygen dissociation curve, are a rare cause of secondary erythrocytosis. Here, we report a base substitution in the β-globin gene at codon 89 (AGT>AGG) in a kindred with familial erythrocytosis resulting in Hb Vanderbilt, a high oxygen affinity variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Shomali
- Division of Hematology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rondeep Brar
- Division of Hematology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Subramanyeswara R Arekapudi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, VA Central California Health Care System/UCSF Fresno Center for Medical Education and Research, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Jason R Gotlib
- Division of Hematology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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13
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Abstract
Mutations on the HBB gene are a common cause of hemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell anemia, a severe genetic condition that constitutes a major public health concern. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sickle cell anemia and β-globin haplotype distribution in newborns from the Bengo region. The first two exons of β-globin gene were sequenced, and the variability at the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) defining the Hb S (HBB: c.20A>T) haplotypes, was analyzed by a SNaPshot® Multiplex system. About 3.3% of the children were homozygous for Hb S, and 82.2% had as background the Bantu/Central African Republic (BAN/CAR) haplotype, 11.2% the Benin (BEN) and 6.6% the Senegal (SEN). The estimate of Hb S reached the very high value of 0.1476 ± 0.0133, with the aggravating factor of 82.2% of the sickle alleles being anchored in the BAN/CAR haplotype, associated with the more severe sickle cell anemia phenotypes. Also, the high prevalence of the SEN haplotype was not expected, having therapeutic consequences since is associated with more severe outcomes. In addition, two β-thalassemia (β-thal) variants were also detected, IVS I-110 (G>A) (HBB: c.93-21G>A) and codon 39 (C>T) (HBB: c.118C>T), together totaling a frequency of 1.3%. Some of the newborns with these mutations were compound heterozygotes for Hb S, likely carrying genotypes consistent with sickle cell disease. As a whole, infants molecularly diagnosed with sickle cell disease accounted for 4.5% of newborns from Bengo, Angola, a figure that per se, highlights the urgent need of implementing policies warranting surveillance of these children, in parallel with community education in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Borges
- Faculdade de Ciências de Universidade do Porto, (FCUP) , Porto , Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular de Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP) , Porto , Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Chissengo Tchonhi
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA) , Caxito , Bengo , Angola.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Agostinho Neto , Luanda , Angola
| | - Cátia S B Couto
- Faculdade de Ciências de Universidade do Porto, (FCUP) , Porto , Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular de Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP) , Porto , Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Verónica Gomes
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular de Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP) , Porto , Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - António Amorim
- Faculdade de Ciências de Universidade do Porto, (FCUP) , Porto , Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular de Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP) , Porto , Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Maria João Prata
- Faculdade de Ciências de Universidade do Porto, (FCUP) , Porto , Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular de Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP) , Porto , Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Miguel Brito
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA) , Caxito , Bengo , Angola.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Tecnologia (H&TRC), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
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14
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Kaempfer R, Ilan L, Cohen-Chalamish S, Turgeman O, Namer LS, Osman F. Control of mRNA Splicing by Intragenic RNA Activators of Stress Signaling: Potential Implications for Human Disease. Front Genet 2019; 10:464. [PMID: 31139209 PMCID: PMC6527590 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical step in the cellular stress response is transient activation of the RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR by double-helical RNA, resulting in down-regulation of protein synthesis through phosphorylation of the α chain of translation initiation factor eIF2, a major PKR substrate. However, intragenic elements of 100–200 nucleotides in length within primary transcripts of cellular genes, exemplified by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α gene and fetal and adult globin genes, are capable of forming RNA structures that potently activate PKR and thereby strongly enhance mRNA splicing efficiency. By inducing nuclear eIF2α phosphorylation, these PKR activator elements enable highly efficient early spliceosome assembly yet do not impair translation of the mature spliced mRNA. The TNF-α RNA activator of PKR folds into a compact pseudoknot that is highly conserved within the phylogeny. Upon excision of β-globin first intron, the RNA activator of PKR, located in exon 1, is silenced through strand displacement by a short sequence within exon 2, restricting thereby the ability to activate PKR to the splicing process without impeding subsequent synthesis of β-globin essential for survival. This activator/silencer mechanism likewise controls splicing of α-globin pre-mRNA, but the exonic locations of PKR activator and silencer sequences are reversed, demonstrating evolutionary flexibility. Impaired splicing efficiency may underlie numerous human β-thalassemia mutations that map to the β-globin RNA activator of PKR or its silencer. Even where such mutations change the encoded amino acid sequence during subsequent translation, they carry the potential of first impairing PKR-dependent mRNA splicing or shutoff of PKR activation needed for optimal translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Kaempfer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lena Ilan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Smadar Cohen-Chalamish
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orli Turgeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lise Sarah Namer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Farhat Osman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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15
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Martella M, Viola G, Azzena S, Schiavon S, Biondi A, Basso G, Corti P, Colombatti R, Masera N, Sainati L. Evaluation of Technical Issues in a Pilot Multicenter Newborn Screening Program for Sickle Cell Disease. Int J Neonatal Screen 2019; 5:2. [PMID: 33072962 PMCID: PMC7510190 DOI: 10.3390/ijns5010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A multicenter pilot program for universal newborn screening of Sickle cell disease (SCD) was conducted in two centres of Northern Italy (Padova and Monza). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was performed as the first test on samples collected on Guthrie cards and molecular analysis of the β-globin gene (HBB) was the confirmatory test performed on the HPLC-positive or indeterminate samples. 5466 samples of newborns were evaluated. Of these, 5439/5466 were submitted to HPLC analysis and the molecular analysis always confirmed in all the alteration detected in HPLC (62/5439 newborns); 4/5439 (0.07%) were SCD affected, 37/5439 (0.68%) were HbAS carriers and 21/5439 (0.40%) showed other hemoglobinopathies. Stored dried blood spots were adequate for HPLC and β-globin gene molecular analysis. Samples were suitable for analysis until sixteen months old. A cut-off of A1 percentage, in order to avoid false negative or unnecessary confirmation tests, was identified. Our experience showed that several technical issues need to be addressed and resolved while developing a multicenter NBS program for SCD in a country where there is no national neonatal screening (NBS) program for SCD and NBS programs occur on a regional basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Martella
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-49-8211451
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Azzena
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Schiavon
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università di Milano-Bicocca-Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Corti
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università di Milano-Bicocca-Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Raffaella Colombatti
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Masera
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università di Milano-Bicocca-Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Sainati
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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16
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Salahuddin S, Khan J, Azhar J, B. Whitehurst C, Qadri I, Shackelford J, Pagano JS, Muhammad D, Richards KL. Prevalence of Epstein–Barr Virus Genotypes in Pakistani Lymphoma Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:3153-3159. [PMID: 30486603 PMCID: PMC6318387 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.11.3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a herpesvirus infecting more than 90% of the human population. The tropism of EBV for B lymphocytes is evidenced in its association with many lymphoproliferative disorders. Different types of EBV (EBV-1 and EBV-2), classified on the basis of EBV nuclear antigen-2 (EBNA-2) genotyping, have been reported in benign and malignant pathologies, but there is almost no information about their frequency in the Pakistani population. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and distribution of EBNA-2-based EBV genotypes in lymphoma patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples obtained from 73 EBV-DNA-positive lymphoma patients. The β-globin gene was amplified to assess the presence and quality of cellular DNA from all samples. EBER-1 DNA was detected by PCR to confirm EBV presence in tissue samples. EBNA-1 mRNA relative quantification done by quantitative PCR substantiated EBNA-1 mRNA overexpression in 43.8% of EBV-positive cases in comparison to EBV-positive control cell line. EBNA-2 genotyping was done by nested PCR. Among typable samples, EBV-1 was found in 90.7% of samples while EBV-2 was present in 9.3% cases. These results show that EBV-1 was the most prevalent type in the lymphoma population of Pakistan. This epidemiology of EBV in Pakistani lymphoma patients represents an important first step in using EBV for prognosis and monitoring treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Salahuddin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
- Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hereditary blood disease caused by a single-gene mutation that affects millions of individuals world-wide. In this review, we focus on techniques to treat SCA by ex vivo genetic manipulation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC), emphasizing replacement gene therapy and gene editing. AREAS COVERED Viral transduction of an anti-sickling β-like globin gene has been tested in pre-clinical and early-phase clinical studies, and shows promising preliminary results. Targeted editing of endogenous genes by site-directed nucleases has been developed more recently, and several approaches also are nearing clinical translation. EXPERT OPINION The indications and timing of gene therapy for SCA in lieu of supportive care treatment and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation are still undefined. In addition, ensuring access to the treatment where the disease is endemic will present important challenges that must be addressed. Nonetheless, gene therapy and gene editing techniques have transformative potential as a universal curative option in SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulema Romero
- a Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Mark DeWitt
- b Innovative Genomics Initiative , University of California , Berkeley , CA , USA
| | - Mark C Walters
- c Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program , UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital , Oakland , CA , USA
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18
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Ozturk O, Arikan S, Atalay A, Atalay EO. Estimating the age of Hb G-Coushatta [β22(B4)Glu→Ala] mutation by haplotypes of β-globin gene cluster in Denizli, Turkey. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:547-554. [PMID: 29717566 PMCID: PMC6081228 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hb G-Coushatta variant was reported from various populations' parts of the world such as Thai, Korea, Algeria, Thailand, China, Japan and Turkey. In our study, we aimed to discuss the possible historical relationships of the Hb G-Coushatta mutation with the possible migration routes of the world. For this purpose, associated haplotypes were determined using polymorphic loci in the beta globin gene cluster of hemoglobin G-Coushatta and normal populations in Denizli, Turkey. METHODS We performed statistical analysis such as haplotype analysis, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, measurement of genetic diversity and population differentiation parameters, analysis of molecular variance using F-statistics, historical-demographic analyses, mismatch distribution analysis of both populations and applied the test statistics in Arlequin ver. 3.5 software program. RESULTS The diversity of haplotypes has been shown to indicate different genetic origins for two populations. However, AMOVA results, molecular diversity parameters and population demographic expansion times showed that the Hb G-Coushatta mutation develops on the normal population gene pool. Our estimated τ values showed the average time since the demographic expansion for normal and Hb G-Coushatta populations ranged from approximately 42,000 to 38,000 ybp, respectively. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that Hb G-Coushatta population originate in normal population in Denizli, Turkey. These results support the hypothesis that the multiple origin of Hb G-Coushatta and indicate that mutation may have been triggered the formation of new variants on beta globin haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ozturk
- Department of BiophysicsInonu University School of MedicineMalatyaTurkey
| | - Sanem Arikan
- Department of BiophysicsPamukkale University School of MedicineDenizliTurkey
| | - Ayfer Atalay
- Department of BiophysicsPamukkale University School of MedicineDenizliTurkey
| | - Erol O. Atalay
- Department of BiophysicsPamukkale University School of MedicineDenizliTurkey
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19
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Uchida N, Washington KN, Mozer B, Platner C, Ballantine J, Skala LP, Raines L, Shvygin A, Hsieh MM, Mitchell LG, Tisdale JF. RNA Trans-Splicing Targeting Endogenous β-Globin Pre-Messenger RNA in Human Erythroid Cells. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2017; 28:91-99. [PMID: 28267358 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2016.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease results from a point mutation in exon 1 of the β-globin gene (total 3 exons). Replacing sickle β-globin exon 1 (and exon 2) with a normal sequence by trans-splicing is a potential therapeutic strategy. Therefore, this study sought to develop trans-splicing targeting β-globin pre-messenger RNA among human erythroid cells. Binding domains from random β-globin sequences were comprehensively screened. Six candidates had optimal binding, and all targeted intron 2. Next, lentiviral vectors encoding RNA trans-splicing molecules were constructed incorporating a unique binding domain from these candidates, artificial 5' splice site, and γ-globin cDNA, and trans-splicing was evaluated in CD34+ cell-derived erythroid cells from healthy individuals. Lentiviral transduction was efficient, with vector copy numbers of 9.7 to 15.3. The intended trans-spliced RNA product, including exon 3 of endogenous β-globin and γ-globin, was detected at the molecular level. Trans-splicing efficiency was improved to 0.07-0.09% by longer binding domains, including the 5' splice site of intron 2. In summary, screening was performed to select efficient binding domains for trans-splicing. Detectable levels of trans-splicing were obtained for endogenous β-globin RNA in human erythroid cells. These methods provide the basis for future trans-splicing directed gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Uchida
- 1 Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Brian Mozer
- 3 Office of Research Integrity , Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Charlotte Platner
- 1 Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Josiah Ballantine
- 1 Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Luke P Skala
- 1 Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lydia Raines
- 1 Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anna Shvygin
- 1 Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Matthew M Hsieh
- 1 Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - John F Tisdale
- 1 Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland
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20
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Sahli CA, Ben Salem I, Jouini L, Laouini N, Dabboubi R, Hadj Fredj S, Siala H, Othmeni R, Dakhlaoui B, Fattoum S, Bibi A, Messaoud T. Setup of a Protocol of Molecular Diagnosis of β-Thalassemia Mutations in Tunisia using Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (DHPLC). J Clin Lab Anal 2016; 30:392-8. [PMID: 27086580 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS β-Thalassemia is one of the most prevalent worldwide autosomal recessive disorders. It presents a great molecular heterogeneity resulting from more than 200 causative mutations in the β-globin gene. In Tunisia, β-thalassemia represents the most prevalent monogenic hemoglobin disorder with 2.21% of carriers. Efficient and reliable mutation-screening methods are essential in order to establish appropriate prevention programs for at risk couples. The aim of the present study is to develop an efficient method based on the denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) in which the whole β-globin gene (HBB) is screened for mutations covering about 90% of the spectrum. METHODS We have performed the validation of a DHPLC assay for direct genotyping of 11 known β-thalassemia mutations in the Tunisian population. RESULTS DHPLC assay was established based on the analysis of 62 archival β-thalassemia samples previously genotyped then validated with full concordance on 50 tests with blind randomized samples previously genotyped with DNA sequencing and with 96% of consistency on 40 samples as a prospective study. CONCLUSION Compared to other genotyping techniques, the DHPLC method can meet the requirements of direct genotyping of known β-thalassemia mutations in Tunisia and to be applied as a powerful tool for the genetic screening of prenatal and postnatal individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Abdelhafidh Sahli
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Laboratory LR00SP03, Children's Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ikbel Ben Salem
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Laboratory LR00SP03, Children's Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Latifa Jouini
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Laboratory LR00SP03, Children's Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naouel Laouini
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Laboratory LR00SP03, Children's Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Dabboubi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Laboratory LR00SP03, Children's Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sondes Hadj Fredj
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Laboratory LR00SP03, Children's Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Siala
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Laboratory LR00SP03, Children's Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Othmeni
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Laboratory LR00SP03, Children's Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Boutheina Dakhlaoui
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Laboratory LR00SP03, Children's Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Slaheddine Fattoum
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Laboratory LR00SP03, Children's Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amina Bibi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Laboratory LR00SP03, Children's Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Taieb Messaoud
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Laboratory LR00SP03, Children's Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
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21
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Abstract
Tyr35β is located at the convergence of the α1β1, α1β2 and α1α2 interfaces of Hb A. We here report a Chinese family in whom the codon 35 (A > G) (HBB: c.107A > G) mutation of the β-globin gene was not associated with the thalassemic phenotype previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Yu Wu
- a Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Zhi Li
- a Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
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22
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Hanafi S, Hassan R, Bahar R, Abdullah WZ, Johan MF, Rashid ND, Azman NF, Nasir A, Hassan S, Ahmad R, Othman A, Ibrahim MI, Sukeri S, Sulong S, Yusoff S, Mohamad NS, Hussein A, Hassan R, Yusoff N, Yahaya BH, Ismail E, Yussof NKN, Salleh S, Zilfalil BA. Multiplex amplification refractory mutation system (MARMS) for the detection of β-globin gene mutations among the transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia Malay patients in Kelantan, Northeast of Peninsular Malaysia. Am J Blood Res 2014; 4:33-40. [PMID: 25232503 PMCID: PMC4165115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to adapt MARMS with some modifications to detect beta mutation in our cohort of thalassemia patients. We focused only on transfusion-dependent thalassemia Malay patients, the predominant ethnic group (95%) in the Kelantanese population. Eight mutations were identified in 46 out of 48 (95.83%) beta thalassemia alleles. Most of the patients (54.2%) were compound heterozygous with co-inheritance Cd 26 (G>A). The frequencies of spectrum beta chain mutation among these patients are presented in Table 2. Among the transfusion dependent beta thalassemia Malay patients studied, 26 patients were found to be compound heterozygous and the main alleles were Cd 26 (G>A). Compound heterozygous mutation of Cd 26 (G>A) and IVS 1-5 (G>C) were 12 (46.2%), Cd 26 (G>A) and Cd 41/42 (TTCT) were 9 (34.6%), Cd 26 (G>A) and IVS 1-1 (G>C) were 2 (7.7%) respectively. Meanwhile the minority were made of a single compound heterozygous of Cd 26 (G>A) and Cd 71/72, Cd 26 (>A) and Cd 17 (A>T), Cd 26 (G>A) and -28 (G>A) respectively. Twenty out of forty six patients were shown to have homozygous of IVS 1-5 (G>C) were 2 (10.0%), Cd 26 (G>A) were 15 (75.0%), Cd 19 (A>G) were 1 (5.0%), and IVS 1-1 (G>T) were 2 (10.0%). The beta chain mutations among the Kelantanese Malays followed closely the distribution of beta chain mutations among the Thais and the Malays of the Southern Thailand. The G-C transition at position 5 of the IVS 1-5 mutation was predominant among the Malay patients. In conclusion, this method has successfully identified the mutation spectrum in our cohort of transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia patients, and this method is equally effective in screening for mutation among thalassemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarifah Hanafi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia
| | - Rosline Hassan
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia
| | - Rosnah Bahar
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia
| | - Wan Zaidah Abdullah
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia
| | - Noor Diana Rashid
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia
| | - Nurul Fatihah Azman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia
| | - Ariffin Nasir
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia
| | - Syahzuwan Hassan
- Hematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical ResearchKuala Lumpur
| | - Rahimah Ahmad
- Hematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical ResearchKuala Lumpur
| | - Azizah Othman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia
| | - Mohd Ismail Ibrahim
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia
| | - Surianti Sukeri
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia
| | - Sarina Sulong
- Human Genome Center, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia
| | - Surini Yusoff
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia
| | - Nor Sarwany Mohamad
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia
| | - Adil Hussein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia
| | | | - Narazah Yusoff
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia
| | - Badrul Hisyam Yahaya
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia
| | - Endom Ismail
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaMalaysia
| | | | - Sinari Salleh
- Department of Medical, Hospital Kuala KraiKelantan, Malaysia
| | - Bin Alwi Zilfalil
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia
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23
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Chalaow N, Thein SL, Viprakasit V. The 12.6 kb-deletion in the β-globin gene cluster is the known Thai/Vietnamese (δβ)0-thalassemia commonly found in Southeast Asia. Haematologica 2014; 98:e117-8. [PMID: 24006412 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.090613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Basak J, Bhattacharyya DM, Mukhopadhyay A. Fannin-Lubbock-I [α₂β₂¹¹⁹(GLY>ASP)], a rare mutation in the beta-globin gene, has been detected for the first time in a Hindu Brahmin family in West Bengal, India. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2014; 19:277-83. [PMID: 24802353 PMCID: PMC6275635 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-014-0192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to describe the hemoglobin Fannin-Lubbock-I, which has a rare mutation substituting the amino acid glycine with aspartic acid at codon 119 of the β-globin chain. A Bengalee Hindu Brahmin family from Kolkata in West Bengal was the focus of this study. Molecular analysis using ARMS-PCR and direct DNA sequencing revealed the presence of a GGC > GAC mutation in codon 119 of the β-globin gene in a heterozygote state in three women of the same family. This is the first report of the hemoglobin Fannin-Lubbock-I from India. Our results will help to identify this mutation, which is relatively infrequent in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayasri Basak
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute (NCRI), 16A Park Lane, Kolkata, 700016 India
| | - Deboshree M. Bhattacharyya
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute (NCRI), 16A Park Lane, Kolkata, 700016 India
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25
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Vinciguerra M, Passarello C, Leto F, Cassarà F, Cannata M, Maggio A, Giambona A. Identification of three new nucleotide substitutions in the β-globin gene: laboratoristic approach and impact on genetic counselling for beta-thalassaemia. Eur J Haematol 2014; 92:444-9. [PMID: 24401016 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Over the past two decades, a wide range of available methods for DNA analysis have allowed us to identify defects in globin genes associated with haemoglobin disorders and to correlate specific mutations with phenotypic expression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nature of three new nucleotide changes, mutation or single nucleotide polymorphism, found in the beta-globin gene, to conduct an appropriate genetic counselling. PATIENTS AND METHODS We report the molecular study performed in three probands and their families, sampling during the screening programme conducted at the Laboratory for Molecular Prenatal Diagnosis of Hemoglobinopathies at Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital in Palermo, Italy. RESULTS This work allowed us to report three new nucleotide substitutions of the β-globin gene: a substitution of the nucleotide 16 in the CAP site area (HBB: c.-35 A>G), a substitution of the nucleotide 478 in the second intron (HBB: c.316-373) in association with β-haemoglobin variant Hb G Copenhagen (HBB:c.142G>A) and a substitution of the nucleotide 1656 within the 3' UTR (HBB: c.*+182 G>A) in association with the 1393-bp deletion (NG_000007.3:g.70060_71452del1393). CONCLUSION The present work emphasizes the importance of reporting the observed nucleotide changes to the Haemoglobin Variant Database, especially in the case of new or rare undefined mutations, to facilitate the determination of their phenotypic expression and the possible interactions with known molecular defects and to formulate an appropriate genetic counselling for couples at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Vinciguerra
- Department of Haematology for Rare Diseases of Blood and Blood-forming Organs, Regional Reference Laboratory for Screening and Prenatal Diagnosis of Haemoglobinopathies, Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy
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26
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Abstract
Effective representation of DNA sequences is one of the important tasks in the study of genome sequences. In this paper, we propose a graphical representation of DNA sequences based on nucleotide ring structure. In the proposed representation, we convert DNA sequences into 16 dinucleotides on the surface of the hexagon so that it can preserve nucleotide's chemical property and positional information. Our approach can provide capability of efficient similarity comparison between DNA sequences and also high comparison accuracy. Furthermore, our approach satisfies uniqueness and no degeneracy of DNA sequences. In the experimental study, we use phylogeny analysis for evolutionary relationship among different species. Extensive performance study shows that the proposed method can give better performance than existing methods in comparison with the degree of similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T M Golam Bari
- Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
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Saleh-Gohari N, Bazrafshani MR. Distribution of β-Globin Gene Mutations in Thalassemia Minor Population of Kerman Province, Iran. Iran J Public Health 2010; 39:69-76. [PMID: 23113009 PMCID: PMC3481756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in β-globin gene may result in β-thalassemia major, which is one of the most common genetic disorders in Iran and some other countries. Knowing the beta-globin mutation spectrum improves the efficiency of prenatal diagnosis in the affected fetuses (major β-thalassemia) of heterozygote couples. METHODS Couples with high hemoglobin A(2) and low mean corpuscular volume were studied as suspicious of β-thalassemia carriers in Genetic Laboratory of Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran. We used amplification refractory mutation system, reverse hybridization, and DNA sequencing to determine the spectrum of β-globin gene mutation in the people who involved with β-thalassemia minor in this province. RESULTS Among the 266 subjects, 17 different types of mutation in β-globin gene were identified. Three of the mutations account for 77.1% of the studied cases. IVSI-5(G> C) was the most frequent mutation (66.2%) followed by IVSII-I (G> A) (6%) and Fr 8-9 (+G) (4.9%). The less frequent mutations include: IVSI-6(T> C), codon 15 (G>A), codon 44 (-C), codon 39 (C>T), codon 8 (-AA), codon30 (G> C), IVSI-110 (G > A), codon 36-37 (-T), 619bp deletion, codon 5 (-CT), IVSI-25bp del, codon 41-42(-TTCT), IVSI-I (G> A), and βnt30 (T>A) were accounted for 19.5%. Unknown alleles comprised 3.4% of the mutations. CONCLUSION However, the frequencies of different mutations reported here are significantly different from those found in other part of the world and even other Iranian provinces. Reporting a number of these mutations in the neighboring countries such as Pakistan can be explained by gene flow phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Saleh-Gohari
- Corresponding author: Tel: + 98 0341 3222246, Fax: + 98 341 3222763, E-mail:
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Kuliev A, Rechitsky S, Verlinsky O, Ivakhnenko V, Evsikov S, Wolf G, Angastiniotis M, Georghiou D, Kukharenko V, Strom C, Verlinsky Y. Preimplantation diagnosis of thalassemias. J Assist Reprod Genet 1998; 15:219-25. [PMID: 9604751 PMCID: PMC3454749 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022571822585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is an important option for couples at risk of having children with beta-globin mutations to avoid selective abortions of affected fetuses following prenatal diagnosis. METHODS We performed PGD for thalassemia in 12 clinical cycles (IVS1-110, and IVS-745 mutations) using biopsy of the first and second polar bodies (PBs) extruded from oocytes during maturation and fertilization, coupled with nested polymerase chain reaction analysis and restriction digestion. RESULTS A total of 118 oocytes was obtained, of which 78 had results for both the first and the second PBs. This resulted in the selection and transfer of 30 unaffected embryos (2.5 embryos per cycle). To avoid a possible misdiagnosis due to allele dropout (ADO), we have also introduced simultaneous detection of two highly polymorphic linked markers, a short tandem repeat immediately at the 5' end of the globin gene and HUMTH01 which is a syntenic short tandem repeat. The application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction of the beta-globin gene and linked polymorphic markers enabled detection of ADO in five first PBs, thus avoiding the transfer of potentially affected embryos resulting from their corresponding oocytes. CONCLUSIONS Confirmation studies of the embryos resulting from the oocytes predicted to contain an affected gene confirmed the diagnosis in 98% of the cases, thus demonstrating the accuracy and reliability of PB PGD of thalassemia mutations. The application of PB analysis in six patients resulted in two ongoing pregnancies with a thalassemia-free fetus already confirmed in both of them by prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kuliev
- Reproductive Genetics Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60657, USA
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Abstract
Long-range promoter-enhancer interactions are a crucial regulatory feature of many eukaryotic genes yet little is known about the mechanisms involved. Using cloned chicken betaA-globin genes, either individually or within the natural chromosomal locus, enhancer-dependent transcription is achieved in vitro at a distance of 2 kb with developmentally staged erythroid extracts. This occurs by promoter derepression and is critically dependent upon DNA topology. In the presence of the enhancer, genes must exist in a supercoiled conformation to be actively transcribed, whereas relaxed or linear templates are inactive. Distal protein-protein interactions in vitro may be favored on supercoiled DNA because of topological constraints. In this system, enhancers act primarily to increase the probability of rapid and efficient transcription complex formation and initiation. Repressor and activator proteins binding within the promoter, including erythroid-specific GATA-1, mediate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Barton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health Sciences University, School of Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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