He F, Wang L, Umrath F, Naros A, Reinert S, Alexander D. Three-Dimensionally Cultured Jaw Periosteal Cells Attenuate Macrophage Activation of CD4
+ T Cells and Inhibit Osteoclastogenesis.
Int J Mol Sci 2024;
25:2355. [PMID:
38397031 PMCID:
PMC10889513 DOI:
10.3390/ijms25042355]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The implementation of a successful therapeutic approach that includes tissue-engineered grafts requires detailed analyses of graft-immune cell interactions in order to predict possible immune reactions after implantation. The phenotypic plasticity of macrophages plays a central role in immune cell chemotaxis, inflammatory regulation and bone regeneration. The present study addresses effects emanating from JPC-seeded β-TCP constructs (3DJPCs) co-cultivated with THP-1 derived M1/M2 macrophages within a horizontal co-culture system. After five days of co-culture, macrophage phenotype and chemokine secretion were analyzed by flow cytometry, quantitative PCR and proteome arrays. The results showed that pro-inflammatory factors in M1 macrophages were inhibited by 3DJPCs, while anti-inflammatory factors were activated, possibly affected by the multiple chemokines secreted by 3D-cultured JPCs. In addition, osteoclast markers of polarized macrophages were inhibited by osteogenically induced 3DJPCs. Functional assays revealed a significantly lower percentage of proliferating CD4+ T cells in the groups treated with secretomes from M1/M2 macrophages previously co-cultured with 3DJPCs compared to controls without secretomes. Quantifications of pit area resorption assays showed evidence that supernatants from 3DJPCs co-cultured with M1/M2 macrophages were able to completely suppress osteoclast maturation, compared to the control group without secretomes. These findings demonstrate the ability of 3D cultured JPCs to modulate macrophage plasticity.
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