Nanoinfusion: an integrating tool to study elicitor perception and signal transduction in intact leaves.
THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2004;
161:595-606. [PMID:
33873515 DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.00971.x]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• To study elicitor effects in intact leaves of Hordeum vulgare cv. Ingrid, chitin fragments were delivered to substomatal cavities with a micropipette. Responses were monitored by a calibrated reference microelectrode and a pH-sensitive microelectrode, simply positioned below neighbouring open stomata in the air-filled space of the substomatal cavities. • Flooding of a leaf spot of approx. 600 × 300 µm with physiological aqueous solutions caused an immediate transient polarization of the extracellular solution in the order of -25 ± 12 mV. Immediately after the pipette solution was consumed, the extracellular solution was again polarized, still before the cavities dried out. In dry cavities, the extracellular equilibrium potential was -34 ± 10 mV. On flooding, the extracellular pH rose to 5.7 ± 0.3 after approx. 12 ± 7 min and returned to a stable level of 5.2 ± 0.3 after 30 min. • Sequential infusion on the same leaf spot, first with elicitor-free solution, then with the same solution containing 25 µmN-acetyl-chitooctaose, into the still-flooded cavities yielded an elicitor-specific pH maximum between 6 and 7 approx. 10 min after flooding. A pronounced pH maximum > 7 occurred between 40 and 240 min after flooding in wild-type plants. • The use of elicitor nanoinfusion for the integrated development of resistance inducers in cereals, wine and poplar is discussed.
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