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Roast MJ, Martins S, Fernández-Peralta L, Báez JC, Diame A, March D, Ouled-Cheikh J, Marco A, González-Solís J, Cardona L. Hidden demographic impacts of fishing and environmental drivers of fecundity in a sea turtle population. Conserv Biol 2023; 37:e14110. [PMID: 37144486 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fisheries bycatch is a critical threat to sea turtle populations worldwide, particularly because turtles are vulnerable to multiple gear types. The Canary Current is an intensely fished region, yet there has been no demographic assessment integrating bycatch and population management information of the globally significant Cabo Verde loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) population. Using Boa Vista island (Eastern Cabo Verde) subpopulation data from capture-recapture and nest monitoring (2013-2019), we evaluated population viability and estimated regional bycatch rates (2016-2020) in longline, trawl, purse-seine, and artisanal fisheries. We further evaluated current nesting trends in the context of bycatch estimates, existing hatchery conservation measures, and environmental (net primary productivity) variability in turtle foraging grounds. We projected that current bycatch mortality rates would lead to the near extinction of the Boa Vista subpopulation. Bycatch reduction in longline fisheries and all fisheries combined would increase finite population growth rate by 1.76% and 1.95%, respectively. Hatchery conservation increased hatchling production and reduced extinction risk, but alone it could not achieve population growth. Short-term increases in nest counts (2013-2021), putatively driven by temporary increases in net primary productivity, may be masking ongoing long-term population declines. When fecundity was linked to net primary productivity, our hindcast models simultaneously predicted these opposing long-term and short-term trends. Consequently, our results showed conservation management must diversify from land-based management. The masking effect we found has broad-reaching implications for monitoring sea turtle populations worldwide, demonstrating the importance of directly estimating adult survival and that nest counts might inadequately reflect underlying population trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Roast
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samir Martins
- BIOS.CV, Environmental Conservation and Sustainable Development, Sal Rei, Cabo Verde
| | | | - José Carlos Báez
- Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, IEO (CSIC), Fuengirola, Spain
- Instituto Iberoamericano de Desarrollo Sostenible (IIDS), Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ahmed Diame
- BirdLife Africa, West Africa Sub-Regional Office, Dakar, Senegal
| | - David March
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Jazel Ouled-Cheikh
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolfo Marco
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jacob González-Solís
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Cardona
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Barcelona, Spain
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Thurman LL, Gross JE, Mengelt C, Beever EA, Thompson LM, Schuurman GW, Hoving CL, Olden JD. Applying assessments of adaptive capacity to inform natural-resource management in a changing climate. Conserv Biol 2022; 36:e13838. [PMID: 34622995 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive capacity (AC)-the ability of a species to cope with or accommodate climate change-is a critical determinant of species vulnerability. Using information on species' AC in conservation planning is key to ensuring successful outcomes. We identified connections between a list of species' attributes (e.g., traits, population metrics, and behaviors) that were recently proposed for assessing species' AC and management actions that may enhance AC for species at risk of extinction. Management actions were identified based on evidence from the literature, a review of actions used in other climate adaptation guidance, and our collective experience in diverse fields of global-change ecology and climate adaptation. Selected management actions support the general AC pathways of persist in place or shift in space, in response to contemporary climate change. Some actions, such as genetic manipulations, can be used to directly alter the ability of species to cope with climate change, whereas other actions can indirectly enhance AC by addressing ecological or anthropogenic constraints on the expression of a species' innate abilities to adapt. Ours is the first synthesis of potential management actions directly linked to AC. Focusing on AC attributes helps improve understanding of how and why aspects of climate are affecting organisms, as well as the mechanisms by which management interventions affect a species' AC and climate change vulnerability. Adaptive-capacity-informed climate adaptation is needed to build connections among the causes of vulnerability, AC, and proposed management actions that can facilitate AC and reduce vulnerability in support of evolving conservation paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey L Thurman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - John E Gross
- National Park Service, Climate Change Response Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Claudia Mengelt
- U.S. Geological Survey, Land Management Research Program, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Erik A Beever
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Bozeman, Montana, USA
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Laura M Thompson
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Adaptation Science Center, Reston, Virginia, USA
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gregor W Schuurman
- National Park Service, Climate Change Response Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Julian D Olden
- School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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呼气峰值流量在儿童哮喘诊断及 管理中的应用进展. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2021; 23. [PMID: 34130789 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) is a portable, reliable, and inexpensive method for lung function assessment. PEF can reflect expiratory airflow limitation and its variability can document reversibility, which provides an objective basis for the diagnosis of asthma in children. Short-term PEF monitoring can be an important aid in the management of acute asthma exacerbations, identification of possible triggers, and assessment of response to treatment. Long-term PEF monitoring can assist in the assessment of asthma control and warning of acute exacerbations, and this is useful for children with severe asthma. This article reviews the measurements, influencing factors, interpretation, and application of PEF, and its role in the diagnosis and management of asthma in children, to provide references for the clinical application of PEF in children.
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Woodworth BK, Fuller RA, Hemson G, McDougall A, Congdon BC, Low M. Trends in seabird breeding populations across the Great Barrier Reef. Conserv Biol 2021; 35:846-858. [PMID: 32885491 PMCID: PMC8336572 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Great Barrier Reef is an iconic ecosystem, known globally for its rich marine biodiversity that includes many thousands of tropical breeding seabirds. Despite indications of localized declines in some seabird species from as early as the mid-1990s, trends in seabird populations across the reef have never been quantified. With a long history of human impact and ongoing environmental change, seabirds are likely sentinels in this important ecosystem. Using 4 decades of monitoring data, we estimated site-specific trends for 9 seabird species from 32 islands and cays across the reef. Trends varied markedly among species and sites, but probable declines occurred at 45% of the 86 species-by-site combinations analyzed compared with increases at 14%. For 5 species, we combined site-specific trends into a multisite trend in scaled abundance, which revealed probable declines of Common Noddy (Anous stolidus), Sooty Tern (Onychoprion fuscatus), and Masked Booby (Sula dactylatra), but no long-term changes in the 2 most widely distributed species, Greater Crested Tern (Thalasseus bergii) and Brown Booby (Sula leucogaster). For Brown Booby, long-term stability largely resulted from increases at a single large colony on East Fairfax Island that offset declines at most other sites. Although growth of the Brown Booby population on East Fairfax points to the likely success of habitat restoration on the island, it also highlights a general vulnerability wherein large numbers of some species are concentrated at a small number of key sites. Identifying drivers of variation in population change across species and sites while ensuring long-term protection of key sites will be essential to securing the future of seabirds on the reef.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
| | - Graham Hemson
- Queensland Parks and Wildlife ServiceGreat Barrier Reef and Marine Parks RegionRockhamptonQLD4701Australia
| | - Andrew McDougall
- Queensland Parks and Wildlife ServiceGreat Barrier Reef and Marine Parks RegionRockhamptonQLD4701Australia
| | - Bradley C. Congdon
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityCairnsQLD4870Australia
| | - Matthew Low
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsala750 07Sweden
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Pozo RA, LeFlore EG, Duthie AB, Bunnefeld N, Jones IL, Minderman J, Rakotonarivo OS, Cusack JJ. A multispecies assessment of wildlife impacts on local community livelihoods. Conserv Biol 2021; 35:297-306. [PMID: 32496643 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conflicts between the interests of agriculture and wildlife conservation are a major threat to biodiversity and human well-being globally. Addressing such conflicts requires a thorough understanding of the impacts associated with living alongside protected wildlife. Despite this, most studies reporting on human-wildlife impacts and the strategies used to mitigate them focus on a single species, thus oversimplifying often complex systems of human-wildlife interactions. We sought to characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of impacts by multiple co-occurring species on agricultural livelihoods in the eastern Okavango Delta Panhandle in northern Botswana through the use of a database of 3264 wildlife-incident reports recorded from 2009 to 2015 by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks. Eight species (African elephants [Loxodonta africana], hippopotamuses [Hippopotamus amphibious], lions [Panthera leo], cheetah [Acinonyx jubatus], African wild dogs [Lycaon pictus], hyenas [Crocuta crocuta], leopards [Panthera pardus], and crocodiles [Crocodylus niloticus]) appeared on incident reports, of which 56.5% were attributed to elephants. Most species were associated with only 1 type of damage (i.e., either crop damage or livestock loss). Carnivores were primarily implicated in incident reports related to livestock loss, particularly toward the end of the dry season (May-October). In contrast, herbivores were associated with crop-loss incidents during the wet season (November-April). Our results illustrate how local communities can face distinct livelihood challenges from different species at different times of the year. Such a multispecies assessment has important implications for the design of conservation interventions aimed at addressing the costs of living with wildlife and thereby mitigation of the underlying conservation conflict. Our spatiotemporal, multispecies approach is widely applicable to other regions where sustainable and long-term solutions to conservation conflicts are needed for local communities and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío A Pozo
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, U.K
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, 2260000, Chile
| | - Eric G LeFlore
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, U.S.A
- Environmental Sciences and Studies Program, Stonehill College, Easton, MA, 02357, U.S.A
| | - A Bradley Duthie
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, U.K
| | - Nils Bunnefeld
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, U.K
| | - Isabel L Jones
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, U.K
| | - Jeroen Minderman
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, U.K
| | | | - Jeremy J Cusack
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, U.K
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas (CEM), Universidad Mayor, Santiago, 8340589, Chile
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Zhou P, Zhu L, Fan QL, Chen L. [Interpretation of the first international consensus for Cornelia de Lange syndrome]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2020; 22:815-820. [PMID: 32800026 PMCID: PMC7441513 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2002010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a genetic syndrome with severe neurodevelopmental disorders as the main manifestation. Its clinical manifestations included mental retardation, typical facial features, intrauterine and postnatal developmental delay, and deformity in multiple organs and systems, with an incidence rate of about 1/10000 to 1/30000. International CdLS Consensus Group was established in 2017 and issued the first international consensus on CdLS, i.e., "Diagnosis and management of Cornelia de Lange syndrome: first international consensus statement", in July 2018. Being developed through a modified Delphi consensus process, this consensus provides guidance on the diagnosis and management of children with CdLS. This article gives an interpretation of this consensus, aiming to help clinicians with early identification, diagnosis, standard follow-up, and management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Growth, Development and Mental Health Center for Child and Adolescent, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing 400014, China.
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Baynham-Herd Z, Redpath S, Bunnefeld N, Keane A. Predicting intervention priorities for wildlife conflicts. Conserv Biol 2020; 34:232-243. [PMID: 31237026 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in developing effective interventions to manage socially and environmentally damaging conservation conflicts. There are a variety of intervention strategies that can be applied in various contexts, but the reasons one type of intervention is chosen over another remain underexplored. We surveyed conservation researchers and practitioners (n = 427) to explore how characteristics of conflicts and characteristics of decision makers influence recommendations to alleviate conservation conflict. Using a full-factorial design, we experimentally manipulated 3 aspects of the descriptions of 8 different wildlife-conflict scenarios (development status of the conflict country, conflict framing, and legality of killing wild animals) and recorded which of 5 intervention types (wildlife impact reduction, awareness, enforcement, economic incentives, or stakeholder engagement) respondents prioritized. We also recorded information on respondents' demographic and disciplinary backgrounds. Stakeholder-based interventions were recommended most often in the survey and in written feedback. However, when we fitted multinomial mixed logit models with fully completed scenario responses (n = 411), recommendations were influenced by small changes in the details of conflict and differed according to respondent characteristics. Enforcement and awareness interventions were prioritized relatively more for conflicts in more highly developed nations and by respondents with more natural science backgrounds and relatively less experience with conflict. Contrastingly, economic interventions were prioritized more when wildlife killing was described as illegal. Age, gender, and development status of the respondent's home country also predicted some intervention decisions. Further, interrogating the influences shaping conservation decision making will further helps in the development of evidence-informed interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve Redpath
- School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, U.K
| | - Nils Bunnefeld
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4JE, U.K
| | - Aidan Keane
- University of Edinburgh-School of GeoSciences Crew Building The King's Buildings, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, U.K
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Child MF, Selier SAJ, Radloff FGT, Taylor WA, Hoffmann M, Nel L, Power RJ, Birss C, Okes NC, Peel MJ, Mallon D, Davies-Mostert H. A framework to measure the wildness of managed large vertebrate populations. Conserv Biol 2019; 33:1106-1119. [PMID: 30767306 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As landscapes continue to fall under human influence through habitat loss and fragmentation, fencing is increasingly being used to mitigate anthropogenic threats and enhance the commercial value of wildlife. Subsequent intensification of management potentially erodes wildness by disembodying populations from landscape-level processes, thereby disconnecting species from natural selection. Tools are needed to measure the degree to which populations of large vertebrate species in formally protected and privately owned wildlife areas are self-sustaining and free to adapt. We devised a framework to measure such wildness based on 6 attributes relating to the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of vertebrates (space, disease and parasite resistance, exposure to predation, exposure to limitations and fluctuations of food and water supply, and reproduction). For each attribute, we set empirical, species-specific thresholds between 5 wildness states based on quantifiable management interventions. We analysed data from 205 private wildlife properties with management objectives spanning ecotourism to consumptive utilization to test the framework on 6 herbivore species representing a range of conservation statuses and commercial values. Wildness scores among species differed significantly, and the proportion of populations identified as wild ranged from 12% to 84%, which indicates the tool detected site-scale differences both among populations of different species and populations of the same species under different management regimes. By quantifying wildness, this framework provides practitioners with standardized measurement units that link biodiversity with the sustainable use of wildlife. Applications include informing species management plans at local scales; standardizing the inclusion of managed populations in red-list assessments; and providing a platform for certification and regulation of wildlife-based economies. Applying this framework may help embed wildness as a normative value in policy and mitigate the shifting baseline of what it means to truly conserve a species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Child
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Endangered Wildlife Trust, Private Bag X11, Johannesburg, 1609, South Africa
- Biodiversity Information and Policy Advice, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Rhodes Drive, Cape Town, 7735, South Africa
| | - S A Jeanetta Selier
- Biodiversity Information and Policy Advice, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Rhodes Drive, Cape Town, 7735, South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Frans G T Radloff
- Department of Conservation and Marine Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - W Andrew Taylor
- Endangered Wildlife Trust, Private Bag X11, Johannesburg, 1609, South Africa
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, U.K
| | - Lizanne Nel
- South African Hunters and Game Conservation Association, 7 Mountain Drive, Pretoria, 2876, South Africa
| | - R John Power
- Directorate: Biodiversity Management, North West Provincial Government, Mmabatho, 2750, South Africa
| | - Coral Birss
- CapeNature, Assegaaibosch Nature Reserve, Jonkershoek Drive, Private Bag X 5014, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| | - Nicola C Okes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Michael J Peel
- Rangeland Ecology Group, Agricultural Research Council, P.O. Box 7063, Nelspruit, 1200, South Africa
| | - David Mallon
- Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester St, Manchester, M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Harriet Davies-Mostert
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Endangered Wildlife Trust, Private Bag X11, Johannesburg, 1609, South Africa
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Guo Y, Hong SQ, Jiang L. [An interpretation of the expert consensus on standards for the management of patients with primary mitochondrial disease from the Mitochondrial Medicine Society]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2018; 20:887-892. [PMID: 30477617 PMCID: PMC7389018 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial disease is the most common inborn error of metabolism and is highly heterogeneous in terms of clinical manifestations and inheritance pattern. It has high mortality and disability rates. Multiple systems are often involved in this disease, and it is necessary to perform comprehensive evaluation and multidisciplinary management. The Mitochondrial Medicine Society issued the standard for the management of patients with primary mitochondrial disease: consensus statements from the Mitochondrial Medicine Society in 2017. The statements provided recommendations based on such consensus to guide the management and care of patients. This article interprets and summarizes the screening of organs and systems commonly involved in primary mitochondrial disease and the management of patients according to the consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.
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Liu H, Tong XM. [Clinical evaluation and management of neonates with disorder of sexual development]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2016; 18:1313-1318. [PMID: 27974129 PMCID: PMC7403084 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Disorder of sexual development or disorder of sex differentiation (DSD) refers to the inconsistency between karyotype and gonad phenotype and/or gonad anatomy in neonates and is manifested as the difficulty in identifying neonates' sex. According to the karyotype, DSD is classified as 46,XY DSD, 46,XX DSD, and sex chromosome DSD. A combination of detailed medical history, physical examination, and laboratory and imaging examinations is required for the diagnosis and comprehensive assessment of neonatal DSD and the determination of potential causes in clinical practice. Sex identification can only be made after all diagnostic evaluations have been completed. Sex identification of DSD neonates is influenced by various medical and social factors, including genotype (karyotype), sex hormones (levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and adrenal steroids), sex phenotype (appearance of internal and external genitals), reproduction (fertility potential), feelings of their parents, and even social acceptance and religious customs. A team with multidisciplinary cooperation is required, and patients must be involved in the whole process of sex identification. The major task of neonatal physicians for DSD is to assess the condition of neonates and provide management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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