PECULIARITIES OF THE COURSE OF PULMONARY EMBOLISM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

OBJECTIVE

The aim: A comparative analysis of the course of pulmonary embolism during the COVID-19 pandemic and the era before pandemia.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: 294 patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) , 1 group - 188 with PE before the pandemic, 2 group -106 during the pandemic. Two subgroups were distinguished in 2 group : 1- with laboratory-excluded coronavirus (acute and in anamnesis) and 2 - with a history of COVID-19. The diagnosis of PE was confirmed by CT. Echocardiography and ultrasound Doppler imaging of the veins of the lower extremities were performed.

RESULTS

Results: In 1 group there was a more significant increase in pulmonary artery pressure (44.29 ± 17.04 vs 36.91 ± 16.6, p 0.0023) and a decrease in the E/A ratio of the right ventricle (0.80 ± 0,21 vs 1.28 ± 1.42, p 0.0202). In 2 subgroup of patients with COVID-19 had a significantly higher incidence of Diabetes mellitus (73.7% vs 13.3%, p 0.00001) and significantly lower signs of superficial venous thrombosis of the lower extremities (5.3% vs 33,3%, p 0,0175) and signs of proximal deep vein thrombosis (0% vs 56.7%, p 0.00001) and 3 times less often there was a high risk of adverse disease, right ventricular dysfunction were more pronounced (ratio E/A 0.87 ± 0.25 vs 1.13 ± 0.28, p 0.022).

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: In patients with coronavirus infection, PE was significantly more common in the presence of diabetes mellitus , right ventricular diastole disorders were more common, and superficial and proximal deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities were less common.

PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF FATIGUE IN PATIENTS WITH EPISODIC MIGRAINE

OBJECTIVE

The aim: We studied prevalence, intensity and predictors of fatigue in patient with episodic migraine (EM).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: We enrolled in the study 85 patients with EM and 88 healthy subjects. Fatigue was identified according to Fatigue Severity Scale. We recorded socio-demographic factors: gender, age, marital status, formal education level, employment status, smoking. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, daytime sleepiness was measured by Epworth scale. The co-morbidities included history of low back pain during last year, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and abdominal obesity. It was analyzed usage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, combined analgesics, triptans for abortive migraine treatment.

RESULTS

Results: Fatigue prevalence in patients with EM was 41,2%, which was significantly higher than in healthy controls (11,4%). Fatigue intensity in episodic migraineurs was 5,7 (4,9-6,8) and did not differ significantly from fatigue intensity in healthy individuals - 4,9 (4,5-5,8). In multivariate logistic regression analysis independent predictors of fatigue were only migraine-related factors (number of migraine headache days per month, headache severity and migraine prodrome presence). There was weak direct correlation between the number of headache migraine days per month and fatigue intensity.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: 1. Fatigue prevalence in patients with EM is significantly higher than in healthy controls. 2. In patients with EM fatigue has migraine-related predictors.

Comparative analysis of the dynamics of modified risk factors of non-communicable diseases among the population of China and Ukraine

OBJECTIVE

Introduction: In the modern world, the problem of non-communicable diseases, which nowadays constitute the main cause of social and economic losses, is extremely topical: the main causes of disability and mortality of the working population are caused by non-communicable diseases. The aim is a comparative analysis of the prevalence and dynamics of the risk factors of the NCDs, and the overall mortality rate between the economically developed country - China and the developing country - Ukraine.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: To achieve the set goal, the method of data analysis was used - the alignment of dynamic rows with the definition of increasing rates, the determination of reliability between two unrelated aggregates, triangulation. Material: annual reports of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the National Bureau of Statistics of China.

RESULTS

Review: As a result of the study, it was found that with the tendency to reduce the mortality rate, the mortality rate in Ukraine exceeds the rate in China, especially among men (2.5-3 times); the percentage of smoking is 6 times higher among Ukrainian women; an increase in malnutrition is observed in Ukraine, while in China it is constantly decreasing; in both countries there is an increase in the frequency of obesity in both sexes, but in Ukraine the prevalence is 4-6 times higher.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: Thus, using the obtained data, one can conclude that, despite the difference in the level of economic development between countries, behavioral risk factors remain an extremely important problem.

Identification and assessment of risk factors role in myocardial infarction development

OBJECTIVE

Introduction:The high level of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease is largely due toinsufficient influence on the main risk factors that contribute to the development of myocardial infarction.Therefore, a detailed study and assessment of risk factors is among the most important problems of medical and social importance. The aim: To study and evaluate the impact of biological, social and hygienic, social and economic, psychological, natural and climatic risk factors on the development of myocardial infarction.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: A sociological survey was conducted in 500 people aged 34 to 85. They were divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 310 patients with myocardial infarction. The control group consisted of 190 practically healthy people, identical by age, gender and other parameters, without diseases of the cardiovascular system.

RESULTS

Results: It was defined that 30 factors have a significant impact on the development of myocardial infarction.Data analysis revealed that the leading risk factors for myocardial infarction were biological and socio-hygienic. The main biological factors were: hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. The man socio-hygienic factor was smoking.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: Identification of risk factors provides new opportunities for the development of more effective approaches for the prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction.

Risk factors of smoking among students of higher medical educational establishments of ukraine

OBJECTIVE

Introduction: Studies of domestic scientists show the unsatisfactory state of health of the population of Ukraine. This is due to a number of socio-economic, political, environmental problems, a low level of material support for the majority of the population, as well as the prevalence of bad habits. Of particular interest is the spread of bad habits among young people, in particular smoking, its connection with various social factors and the impact on health. The aim: The main aim of the study is studying of the factors that cause the spread of smoking among students of higher medical educational establishments of Ukraine and their dependence on the social and economic situation of young people; to investigate the root causes of smoking among students; to analyze the level of the desire to lead a healthy lifestyle and quit smoking in the studied educational establishments.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: 435 questionnaires of students of two higher medical educational establishments were analyzed: the Bogomolets` National Medical University, Kiev - 180 and the HSEE of Ukraine «UMSA», Poltava - 255.

RESULTS

Results:The study showed that of all respondents, have they tried to smoke once, 268 (61,6%) gave a positive response, and 167 (38,4%) indicated that they had no experience of using tobacco. Among all respondents 162 smoke for the sake of curiosity and in percentage terms it is 37,2%. The personal drama went to the second place and this reason was named by 43 respondents and this is 9,9%. The third position was a combination of two factors of curiosity and drama and is 3,0%.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: As a result of the study, there is a significant difference between students on smoking daily- 36,7% versus 27.8% (p = 0,05). Some differences among the students of the study groups regarding the visit to entertaining establishments - 56,7% of students of the Bogomolets NMU were determined against 53,7% of the students from the UMSA, but these data are not reliable (р=0,33).