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Jaehn P, Andresen-Bundus H, Bergholz A, Pagonas N, Hauptmann M, Neugebauer EA, Holmberg C, Ritter O, Sasko B. Contextualising the association of socioeconomic deprivation with hospitalisation rates of myocardial infarction in a rural area in eastern Germany. Rural Remote Health 2022; 22:6658. [PMID: 35395158 DOI: 10.22605/rrh6658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence on the association of socioeconomic deprivation with occurrence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is available from international studies and urban settings in western Germany. This study aimed to assess this association based on small geographical areas in a rural setting in eastern Germany. METHODS This study used routine data of all patients with AMI who were treated in the Hospital Brandenburg in the city of Brandenburg, Germany, between May 2019 and May 2020. Hospitalisation rates of AMI were calculated for postal code regions that were located within the catchment area of the Hospital Brandenburg. Poisson regression was used to compare hospitalisation rates in areas with medium socioeconomic deprivation to areas with high deprivation, controlling for age group, sex and period (before or during COVID-19 pandemic). Publicly available social, infrastructure and healthcare-related features were mapped to characterise the study region. RESULTS In total, 265 cases of AMI were registered in the study area, which comprised 116,126 inhabitants. The city of Brandenburg was characterised by the highest level of socioeconomic deprivation, while neighbouring areas showed a rural settlement structure and medium levels of deprivation. The number of general practitioners per 10 000 inhabitants did not differ between both areas. The adjusted rate ratio comparing hospitalisations due to AMI in areas with medium socioeconomic deprivation to areas with high socioeconomic deprivation was 0.71 (95%CI 0.56-0.91, p=0.01). CONCLUSION This study adds evidence about the association of socioeconomic deprivation and AMI occurrence from a rural area in eastern Germany. Further research about the relationship of socioeconomic deprivation and cardiovascular health is needed from heterogeneous contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jaehn
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Hochstraße 15, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany; and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Henrike Andresen-Bundus
- Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Pneumology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, University Hospital Brandenburg/Havel, Hochstraße 29, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Andreas Bergholz
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Hochstraße 15, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany; and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Pagonas
- Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Pneumology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, University Hospital Brandenburg/Havel, Hochstraße 29, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany; and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Edmund Am Neugebauer
- Center for Health Services Research Brandenburg (ZVF-BB), Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Christine Holmberg
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Hochstraße 15, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany; and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Oliver Ritter
- Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Pneumology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, University Hospital Brandenburg/Havel, Hochstraße 29, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany; and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Sasko
- Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Pneumology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, University Hospital Brandenburg/Havel, Hochstraße 29, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
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Cadena EA. In situ SEM/EDS compositional characterization of osteocytes and blood vessels in fossil and extant turtles on untreated bone surfaces; different preservational pathways microns away. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9833. [PMID: 32913685 PMCID: PMC7456530 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes and blood vessels are the main cellular and tissue components of the bone tissue of vertebrates. Evidence of these soft-tissue microstructures has been widely documented in the fossil record of Mesozoic and Cenozoic turtles. However, all these studies have characterized morphologically and elementally these microstructures via isolation from the fossilized bone matrix where they were preserved or in ground sections, which could raise skepticism about the results due to potential cross-contamination or reagents effects. Fossil turtle bones from three different localities with distinct preservation environments and geological settings, including Mongolemys elegans from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia, Allaeochelys crassesculpta from the Eocene of Germany, and a podocnemidid indet. from the Miocene of Colombia are studied here. Bone from two extant turtle species, Lepidochelys olivacea, and Podocnemis lewyana, as well as a commercial chicken Gallus gallus were used for comparisons. Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy analyses performed directly on untreated fresh surfaces show that osteocytes-like in the fossil turtle bone are mostly composed of iron and manganese. In contrast, the in situ blood vessels-like of the fossil turtles, as well as those from the extant taxa are rich in elements typically organic in origin (carbon and nitrogen), which are absent to minimally present in the surrounding bone or rock matrix; this suggests a possible endogenous composition for these fossil structures. Also, the results presented here show that although originally both (osteocytes and blood vessels) are organic soft components of bone as evidenced in the extant turtles and chicken, they can experience completely different preservational pathways only microns away from each other in the same fossil bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin-Alberto Cadena
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Grupo de Investigación Paleontología Neotropical Tradicional y Molecular (PaleoNeo), Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
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