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Truong TN, Curran SS, Reyda FB, Horton M, Bullard SA. RESURRECTION OF PLESIOCREADIUM WINFIELD, 1929 (DIGENEA: MACRODEROIDIDAE) WITH PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES AND SUPPLEMENTAL OBSERVATIONS OF ITS TYPE SPECIES FROM RIVERS IN ARKANSAS, MISSISSIPPI, NEW YORK, AND TENNESSEE. J Parasitol 2023; 109:114-128. [PMID: 37103005 DOI: 10.1645/22-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein resurrect and emend PlesiocreadiumWinfield, 1929 (Digenea: Macroderoididae) and provide a supplemental description of its type species, Plesiocreadium typicumWinfield, 1929, based on adult specimens collected from the intestine of bowfins, Amia calva Linnaeus, 1766 (Amiiformes: Amiidae), captured in the L'Anguille River (Mississippi River Basin, Arkansas), Big Lake (Pascagoula River Basin, Mississippi), Chittenango Creek (Oneida Lake, New York), and Reelfoot Lake (Tennessee River Basin, Tennessee). Plesiocreadium spp. (Pl. typicum and Plesiocreadium flavum [Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932] n. comb.) differ from other macroderoidids by having a dorsoventrally flat forebody, ceca that extend posteriad beyond the testes and that do not form a cyclocoel, testes that are greater than one-half of maximum body width, a cirrus sac that is dorsal to the ventral sucker and arches dextrad or sinistrad, a uterine seminal receptacle, asymmetrical vitelline fields that remain separated anteriorly and posteriorly and that extend anteriad to the level of the ventral sucker, and an I-shaped excretory vesicle. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses (ITS2 and 28S) recovered monophyletic Plesiocreadium sensu stricto (as defined herein) sister to Macroderoides trilobatusTaylor, 1978 and that clade sister to the remaining macroderoidids, with sequences ascribed to species of Macroderoides Pearse, 1924 recovered as paraphyletic. We regard Macroderoides parvus (Hunter, 1932) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934, M. trilobatus, and RauschiellaBabero, 1951 as incertae sedis. Arkansas, New York, and Tennessee comprise new locality records for Pl. typicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triet N Truong
- Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, Southeastern Cooperative Fish Parasite and Disease Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, 559 Devall Drive, Auburn, Alabama 36832
| | - Stephen S Curran
- Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, Southeastern Cooperative Fish Parasite and Disease Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, 559 Devall Drive, Auburn, Alabama 36832
| | - Florian B Reyda
- Biology Department and Biological Field Station, 120 Perna Science Building, State University of New York, College at Oneonta, Oneonta, New York 13820
| | - Matthew Horton
- Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, 2 Natural Resources Drive, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Stephen A Bullard
- Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, Southeastern Cooperative Fish Parasite and Disease Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, 559 Devall Drive, Auburn, Alabama 36832
- Department of Zoology, School for Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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Nelson DR, Adkins Fletcher R, Guidetti R, Roszkowska M, Grobys D, Kaczmarek Ł. Two new species of Tardigrada from moss cushions ( Grimmia sp.) in a xerothermic habitat in northeast Tennessee (USA, North America), with the first identification of males in the genus Viridiscus. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10251. [PMID: 33282552 PMCID: PMC7690296 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phylum Tardigrada consists of over 1,300 species that inhabit terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments throughout the world. In terrestrial habitats they live primarily in mosses, lichens, leaf litter and soil, whereas tardigrades in freshwater and marine environments are mainly found in sediments and on aquatic plants. More than 65 species have been previously reported in the state of Tennessee, USA. METHODS Tardigrades present in moss cushions (Grimmia sp.) collected from a xerothermic habitat on the East Tennessee State University campus, Johnson City, TN, USA, were extracted, mounted on slides, identified, and counted. Additional samples of fresh dried moss were used for integrative analyses, including morphological analysis with phase contrast (PCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as molecular analyses of COI, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and ITS-2 of the Macrobiotus and Milnesium species. RESULTS Five species were found, including two species new to science: Viridiscus miraviridis sp. nov. and Macrobiotus basiatus sp. nov. Viridiscus miraviridis sp. nov. differs from other members of the genus mainly by having a different type of dorsal cuticle and some other, more subtle, morphometric characters. In addition to the two new species, Viridiscus perviridis and Viridiscus viridissimus were present, and males of Vir. viridissimus were found for the first time, the first record of males in the genus Viridiscus. Macrobiotus basiatus sp. nov. is most similar to Macrobiotus nelsonae, but it differs from Mac. nelsonae mainly by the stylet supports being situated in a more anterior position, shorter and narrower egg processes, and a smaller number of areoles around the egg processes. Moreover, the identification of Milnesium inceptum was confirmed as the first record for the USA by analysis of COI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane R. Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Adkins Fletcher
- Department of Appalachian Studies, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States of America
| | - Roberto Guidetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Milena Roszkowska
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Daria Grobys
- Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kaczmarek
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Dutton HR, Warren MB, Bullard SA. New Genus and Species of Turtle Blood Fluke (Platyhelminthes: Digenea: Schistosomatoidea) Infecting Six-Tubercled Amazon River Turtles, Podocnemis sextuberculata (Pleurodira: Podocnemididae) from the Amazon River Basin (Peru). J Parasitol 2019; 105:671-685. [PMID: 31566518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we describe a new species of turtle blood fluke (TBF) and propose a new genus to accommodate it, Pitiutrema revelae n. gen., n. sp. This blood fluke infects the heart of six-tubercled Amazon River turtles (Podocnemis sextuberculata [Cornalia, 1849] [Pleurodira: Podocnemididae]) in the headwaters of the Amazon River near Iquitos, Peru. It resembles the other 2 described species of South American freshwater TBFs (Atamatam amazoniensis Bullard and Roberts, 2019, and Paratamatam iquitosiensis Bullard and Roberts, 2019) by having a dorsoventrally flattened and ovoid body, an oral sucker with anteroventral spines, 2 inter-cecal testes arranged in a column, inter-gonadal terminal genitalia, an inter-cecal and post-ovarian Laurer's canal pore, and a Y-shaped excretory bladder. It differs from all other nominal TBFs by having the combination of an aspinose body that lacks mammillae, a tapered (not broadly rounded) posterior body end, a ventral sucker, slightly M-shaped or inverse U-shaped ceca, a deeply-lobed (dendritic) ovary, a transverse uterus, and a dispersed vitellarium. The new genus is further unique among TBF genera by having an anterior to posterior sequence of ventral sucker, anterior testis, ovary, cirrus sac (lateral to posterior half of ovary), and posterior testis. The phylogenetic results and placement of the new taxon (1) were both predicted by our morphological diagnosis and comparisons with related taxa, (2) further indicated monophyly of the nominal South American freshwater TBFs, (3) reaffirmed the marine derived lineage identity of the nominal South American freshwater TBFs, and (4) highlighted that the single cercarial sequence (TBF sp. W-810) from an ampullariid in Brazil does not share a recent common ancestor with any of the nominal South American freshwater TBFs. The new species is the eighth TBF reported from a side-necked turtle (Pleurodira), the first TBF from a member of Podocnemididae, and the third freshwater TBF from South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley R Dutton
- Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849
| | - Micah B Warren
- Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849
| | - Stephen A Bullard
- Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849
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Bullard SA, Roberts JR, Warren MB, Dutton HR, Whelan NV, Ruiz CF, Platt TR, Tkach VV, Brant SV, Halanych KM. Neotropical Turtle Blood Flukes: Two New Genera and Species from the Amazon River Basin with a Key to Genera and Comments on a Marine-Derived Parasite Lineage in South America. J Parasitol 2019; 105:497-523. [PMID: 31283418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new genera and species of freshwater turtle blood flukes (TBFs) are described herein based on specimens infecting the nephritic and mesenteric blood vessels of "matamatas" (a side-necked turtle, Chelus fimbriata [Schneider, 1783] [Pleurodira: Chelidae]) from the Amazon River Basin, Peru. These taxa comprise the first-named species and the first-proposed genera of freshwater TBFs from the continent of South America. A new comparison of all TBF genera produced 6 morphologically diagnosed groups that are discussed in light of previous TBF classification schemes and a novel phylogenetic hypothesis based on the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S). Considering external and internal anatomical features, species of the new genera (Atamatam Bullard and Roberts n. gen., Paratamatam Bullard and Roberts n. gen.) are most similar to each other and are together most similar to those of several marine TBF genera. The 28S phylogenetic analysis supported the monophyly of all 6 morphologically diagnosed groups of genera. Most notably, the freshwater TBFs of South America comprise a derived group nested within the clade that includes the paraphyletic marine TBFs. Not surprisingly in light of morphology, another marine TBF lineage (Neospirorchis Price, 1934) clustered with the freshwater TBFs of Baracktrema Roberts, Platt, and Bullard, 2016 and Unicaecum Stunkard, 1925. Our results, including an ancestral state reconstruction, indicated that (1) freshwater TBFs have colonized marine turtles twice independently and that (2) the South American freshwater TBFs comprise a marine-derived lineage. This is the first evidence that TBFs have twice independently transitioned from a marine to freshwater definitive host. Marine incursion is considered as a possible mechanism affecting the natural history of marine-derived freshwater TBFs in South America. A dichotomous key to accepted TBF genera is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Bullard
- 1 Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Jackson R Roberts
- 2 Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Sciences, Biological Sciences Department, Louisiana State University, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Micah B Warren
- 1 Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Haley R Dutton
- 1 Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Nathan V Whelan
- 3 Southeastern Conservation Genetics Laboratory, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Carlos F Ruiz
- 1 Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Thomas R Platt
- 4 Department of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Vasyl V Tkach
- 5 Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Sara V Brant
- 6 Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Kenneth M Halanych
- 7 Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies (MBL), Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
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Elshishka M, Lazarova S, Peneva VK. Studies of the genus Enchodelus Thorne, 1939 (Nematoda, Nordiidae) from Arctic polar deserts. 1. Species with long odontostyle: E. makarovae sp. n. and E. groenlandicus (Ditlevsen, 1927) Thorne, 1939, with an identification key to the species of the E. macrodorus group. Zookeys 2012:1-23. [PMID: 22933846 PMCID: PMC3428700 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.212.3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two nematode species of the genus Enchodelus Thorne, 1939, one new and one known from Arctic polar deserts were studied. Enchodelus makarovaesp. n. is an amphimictic species, characterised by females with body length of 1.57–2.00 mm, lip region 15–17.5 µm wide, amphid duplex, odontostyle 38–43 µm long or 2.3–2.8 times lip region diam. Odontophore with flanges, 1.2–1.4 times as long as odontostyle; pharynx length 320–377 µm, pharyngeal expansion 113–130 µm long or 32–37% of total pharynx length; female genital system amphidelphic, uterus tripartite, pars refringens vaginae with two trapezoid sclerotisations, vulva a transverse slit (V=45–51%); tail bluntly conoid (25–35 µm, c=45.8–70.3, c’=0.6–0.9 in females, and 29–33 µm, c=46.4–58.9, c’=0.7–0.8 in males). Males with 65–74 µm long spicules and 10–12 spaced ventromedian supplements. Additional information for Enchodelus groenlandicus is provided, this being a new geographic record for the Putorana Plateau, Russian Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Elshishka
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
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