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Hu Q, Wen N, Li F, Yang D, Yue C, Wu Z, Li M, Lu H. Single-minded homolog 2 as a potential prognostic signature and assessment of its correlation with immune cell infiltration in pancreatic cancer. POL J PATHOL 2023; 74:232-247. [PMID: 38477085 DOI: 10.5114/pjp.2023.134317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-minded homolog 2 (SIM2) has been identified as a potential contributor to the development of solid tumors. Despite this, there is a lack of comprehensive research regarding its biological role and underlying mechanism within pancreatic cancer (PC), as well as its prognostic impact. This study systematically evaluated the expression level and clinical significance of SIM2 in patients with PC using various databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, KM Plotter, and gene expression profiling interactive analysis. To investigate the relationship between SIM2 expression and immune cell infiltration, we conducted ESTIMATE and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) analyses. Single-minded homolog 2 was up-regulated in patients with PC. Pancreatic cancer patients with higher SIM2 expression had poorer overall survival rates. Gene set enrichment analysis results suggested that SIM2 may have a significant impact on the progression of PC and the regulation of immune responses. According to the ssGSEA algorithm, SIM2 has a negative correlation with the levels of infiltrating TFH, mast cells, and pDC. Our study demonstrated that SIM2 serves as a biomarker, and is associated with both prognosis and immune infiltration in PC. This provides a solid foundation for future investigations into the precise role of SIM2 in the carcinogenesis and progression of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hu
- Operating Room of Anesthesia Surgery Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Wen
- Operating Room of Anesthesia Surgery Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Li
- Operating Room of Anesthesia Surgery Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dujiang Yang
- Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Yue
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zuowei Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huimin Lu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Abstract
According to large randomized trials, results suggest that maintaining normoglycemia postoperatively through tight glycemic control (TGC) and intensive insulin therapy (IIT) can improve surgical outcomes as well as reduce mortality and morbidity in critically ill patients. However, trials examining the effects of TGC have had conflicting results. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have also led to differing conclusions. The main reason these clinical trials and meta-analyses show negative results for TGC is the high incidence of hypoglycemia induced by IIT. This could not be prevented because there is no reliable technique that can avoid this condition during IIT. The development of accurate, continuous blood glucose monitoring devices and closed-loop systems for computer-assisted blood glucose control in the intensive care unit (ICU) will probably help avoid hypoglycemia in these situations. The STG closed-loop glycemic control system was introduced to our department to be used and evaluated for strict serum glucose control with no hypoglycemic episodes during IIT in the surgical ICU, to reduce the workload of ICU nurses, and to decrease incidents related to the management of blood glucose levels according to manual conventional venous infusion insulin therapy. The goal of our team was to use the STG closed-loop glycemic control system for perioperative TGC in surgical patients to solve the complications of IIT and reduce risk of hypoglycemia. The challenge at our hospital demonstrated that the STG closed-loop glycemic control system can be expected to achieve TGC with no occurrence of hypoglycemia induced by IIT after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Okabayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, Kochi-City, Kochi, Japan.
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