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Rodrigues ACBDC, Bomfim LM, Neves SP, Soares MBP, Dias RB, Valverde LF, Rocha CAG, Costa EV, da Silva FMA, Rocha WC, Koolen HHF, Bezerra DP. Tingenone and 22-hydroxytingenone target oxidative stress through downregulation of thioredoxin, leading to DNA double-strand break and JNK/p38-mediated apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112034. [PMID: 34411914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most lethal form of leukemia. Standard anti-AML treatment remains almost unchanged for decades. Tingenone (TG) and 22-hydroxytingenone (22-HTG) are quinonemethide triterpenes found in the Amazonian plant Salacia impressifolia (Celastraceae), with cytotoxic properties in different histological types of cancer cells. In the present work, we investigated the anti-AML action mechanism of TG and 22-HTG in the AML HL-60 cell line. Both compounds exhibited potent cytotoxicity in a panel of cancer cell lines. Mechanistic studies found that TG and 22-HTG reduced cell growth and caused the externalization of phosphatidylserine, the fragmentation of internucleosomal DNA and the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential in HL-60 cells. In addition, pre-incubation with Z-VAD(OMe)-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, prevented TG- and 22-HTG-induced apoptosis, indicating cell death by apoptosis via a caspase-dependent pathway. The analysis of the RNA transcripts of several genes indicated the interruption of the cellular antioxidant system, including the downregulation of thioredoxin, as a target for TG and 22-HTG. The application of N-acetyl-cysteine, an antioxidant, completely prevented apoptosis induced by TG and 22-HTG, indicating activation of the apoptosis pathway mediated by oxidative stress. Moreover, TG and 22-HTG induced DNA double-strand break and phosphorylation of JNK2 (T183/Y185) and p38α (T180/Y182), and co-incubation with SP 600125 (JNK/SAPK inhibitor) and PD 169316 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) partially prevented apoptosis induced by TG and 22-HTG. Together, these data indicate that TG and 22-HTG are new candidate for anti-AML therapy targeting thioredoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa M Bomfim
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Sara P Neves
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Milena B P Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil; SENAI Institute for Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, BA 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Rosane B Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil; Department of Clinical Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia 40301-155, Brazil
| | - Ludmila F Valverde
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Clarissa A Gurgel Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil; Department of Clinical Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia 40301-155, Brazil
| | - Emmanoel V Costa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe M A da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Waldireny C Rocha
- Health and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Coari, Amazonas 69460-000, Brazil
| | - Hector H F Koolen
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Amazonas State University (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas 690065-130, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil.
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Rodrigues ACBDC, Oliveira FPD, Dias RB, Sales CBS, Rocha CAG, Soares MBP, Costa EV, Silva FMAD, Rocha WC, Koolen HHF, Bezerra DP. In vitro and in vivo anti-leukemia activity of the stem bark of Salacia impressifolia (Miers) A. C. Smith (Celastraceae). J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 231:516-524. [PMID: 30445109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salacia impressifolia (Miers) A. C. Smith (family Celastraceae) is a traditional medicinal plant found in the Amazon Rainforest known as "miraruíra", "cipó-miraruíra" or "panu" and is traditionally used to treat dengue, flu, inflammation, pain, diabetes, male impotency, renal affections, rheumatism and cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro and in vivo anti-leukemia activity of the stem bark of S. impressifolia in experimental models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vitro cytotoxic activity of extracts, fractions and quinonemethide triterpenes (22-hydroxytingenone, tingenone and pristimerin) from the stem bark of S. impressifolia in cultured cancer cells was determined. The in vivo antitumor activity of the ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and of its fraction (FEAE.3) from the stem bark of S. impressifolia was assessed in C.B-17 severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice engrafted with human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. RESULTS The extract EAE, its fraction FEAE.3, and quinonemethide triterpenes exhibited potent cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, including in vitro anti-leukemia activity against HL-60 and K-562 cells. Moreover, extract EAE and its fraction FEAE.3 inhibited the in vivo development of HL-60 cells engrafted in C.B-17 SCID mice. Tumor mass inhibition rates were measured as 40.4% and 81.5% for the extract EAE (20 mg/kg) and for its fraction FEAE.3 (20 mg/kg), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Ethyl acetate extract and its fraction from the stem bark of S. impressifolia exhibit in vitro and in vivo anti-leukemia activity that can be attributed to their quinonemethide triterpenes. These data confirm the ethnopharmacological use of this species and may contribute to the development of a novel anticancer herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe P de Oliveira
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Rosane B Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Caroline B S Sales
- Department of Biomorphology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador (UFBA), Bahia 40110-902, Brazil
| | - Clarissa A G Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Milena B P Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil; Center of Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, Bahia 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Emmanoel V Costa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas 69077-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe M A da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas 69077-000, Brazil
| | - Waldireny C Rocha
- Health and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Coari, Amazonas 69460-000, Brazil
| | - Hector H F Koolen
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Amazonas State University (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas 690065-130, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil.
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