Aher RB, Roy K. Exploring the structural requirements in multiple chemical scaffolds for the selective inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum calcium-dependent protein kinase-1 (PfCDPK-1) by
3D-pharmacophore modelling, and docking studies.
SAR QSAR Environ Res 2017;
28:390-414. [PMID:
28562086 DOI:
10.1080/1062936x.2017.1326401]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Current research on antimalarial protein kinases has provided an opportunity to design kinase-based antimalarial drugs. We have developed a common feature-based pharmacophore model from a set of multiple chemical scaffolds including derivatives of 3,6-imidazopyridazines, pyrazolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazines, in order to incorporate the maximum structural diversity information in the model for the Plasmodium falciparum calcium-dependent protein kinase-1 (PfCDPK-1) target. The best pharmacophore model (Hypo-1) with the essential features of two hydrogen bond donors (HBD), one hydrophobic aromatic (HYAr) and one ring aromatic (RA) showed the classification accuracies of 86.27%, 78.43% and 100.00% in labelling the training and test set (test set-1 and test set-2) compounds into more active and less active classes. In order to identify the crucial interaction between multiple scaffold ligands and the target protein, we first developed the homology model using a template structure of P. bergheii (PbCDPK1; PDB ID: 3Q5I), and thereafter performed the docking studies. The residues such as Lys85, Phe147, Tyr148, Leu198, Val211, and Asp212 were found to be the most important interacting residues for possessing PfCDPK-1 inhibitory activity.
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