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Filip DG, Surdu VA, Paduraru AV, Andronescu E. Current Development in Biomaterials-Hydroxyapatite and Bioglass for Applications in Biomedical Field: A Review. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040248. [PMID: 36412889 PMCID: PMC9680477 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic biomaterials, including different types of metals and ceramics are widely used in various fields due to their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and bioresorbable capacity. In recent years, biomaterials have been used in biomedical and biological applications. Calcium phosphate (CaPs) compounds are gaining importance in the field of biomaterials used as a standalone material or in more complex structures, especially for bone substitutes and drug delivery systems. The use of multiple dopants into the structure of CaPs compounds can significantly improve their in vivo and in vitro activity. Among the general information included in the Introduction section, in the first section of this review paper, the authors provided a background on the development of hydroxyapatite, methods of synthesis, and its applications. The advantages of using different ions and co-ions for substitution into the hydroxyapatite lattice and their influence on physicochemical, antibacterial, and biological properties of hydroxyapatite are also presented in this section of the review paper. Larry Hench's 45S5 Bioglass®, commercially named 45S5, was the first bioactive glass that revealed a chemical bond with bone, highlighting the potential of this biomaterial to be widely used in biomedicine for bone regeneration. The second section of this article is focused on the development and current products based on 45S5 Bioglass®, covering the historical evolution, importance of the sintering method, hybrid bioglass composites, and applications. To overcome the limitations of the original biomaterials, studies were performed to combine hydroxyapatite and 45S5 Bioglass® into new composites used for their high bioactivity and improved properties. This particular type of combined hydroxyapatite/bioglass biomaterial is discussed in the last section of this review paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Georgiana Filip
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vasile-Adrian Surdu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- National Centre for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrei Viorel Paduraru
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- National Centre for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 50085 Bucharest, Romania
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Bellucci D, Veronesi E, Dominici M, Cannillo V. On the in Vitro Biocompatibility Testing of Bioactive Glasses. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13081816. [PMID: 32290545 PMCID: PMC7215542 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new 3D cellular model-based on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs)-was used for the first time to test the 45S5 Bioglass® (45S5). Such a model, previously used to evaluate the biologic performance of two novel bioactive glasses, suggested out the regenerative potential of such materials. In fact, BM-MSCs were able both to adhere and colonize the biomaterials, as well as differentiate toward osteoblasts-even in absence of specific growth factors. Surprisingly, BM-MSCs were not able to colonize 45S5 granules (almost no adhesion and/or colonization was observed), and thus, were not capable of providing any osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, the model seems to suggest that the two novel bioactive glasses have a better biologic performance than 45S5. If this hypothesis is confirmed also by in vivo tests, the 3D model may become a predictive tool for discriminating between different potential bioactive materials by comparatively evaluating them, and preliminarily selecting the best ones in relation to their biocompatibility potential-before proceeding with further experiments in vivo. This approach could favor the reduction of costs and time of pre-clinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devis Bellucci
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39 059 2056240
| | - Elena Veronesi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Hospital of Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy; (E.V.); (M.D.)
- Scientific and Technological Park of Medicine “Mario Veronesi”, via 29 Maggio 6, 41037 Mirandola, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Hospital of Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy; (E.V.); (M.D.)
- Scientific and Technological Park of Medicine “Mario Veronesi”, via 29 Maggio 6, 41037 Mirandola, Italy
| | - Valeria Cannillo
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy;
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Schmitz SI, Widholz B, Essers C, Becker M, Tulyaganov DU, Moghaddam A, Gonzalo de Juan I, Westhauser F. Superior biocompatibility and comparable osteoinductive properties: Sodium-reduced fluoride-containing bioactive glass belonging to the CaO-MgO-SiO 2 system as a promising alternative to 45S5 bioactive glass. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:55-65. [PMID: 31956736 PMCID: PMC6961063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive glasses (BGs) are promising bone substitute materials. However, under certain circumstances BGs such as the well-known 45S5 Bioglass® (composition in wt%: 45.0 SiO2, 24.5 Na2O, 24.5 CaO, 6.0 P2O5) act cytotoxic due to a strong increase in pH caused by a burst release of sodium ions. A potential alternative is a sodium-reduced fluoride-containing BG belonging to the CaO–MgO–SiO2 system, namely BG1d-BG (composition in wt%: 46.1 SiO2, 28.7 CaO, 8.8 MgO, 6.2 P2O5, 5.7 CaF2, 4.5 Na2O), that has already been evaluated in-vitro, in-vivo and in preliminary clinical trials. Before further application, however, BG1d-BG should be compared to the benchmark amongst BGs, the 45S5 Bioglass® composition, to classify its effect on cell viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Therefore, in this study, the biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of both BGs were investigated in an indirect and direct culture setting to assess the effect of the ionic dissolution products and the BGs’ physical presence on the cells. The results indicated an advantage of BG1d-BG over 45S5 Bioglass® regarding cell viability and proliferation. Both BGs induced an earlier onset of osteogenic differentiation and accelerated the expression of late osteoblast marker genes compared to the control group. In conclusion, BG1d-BG is an attractive candidate for further experimental investigation. The basic mechanisms behind the different impact on cell behavior should be assessed in further detail, e.g. by further alteration of the BG compositions. 45S5 Bioglass® is considered to be the benchmark amongst bioactive glasses (BGs). Sodium-reduced fluoride-containing BG1d BG was compared to 45S5-Bioglass®. Both BGs induced osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs. BG1d had an advantageous impact on cell viability and proliferation. BG1d-BG is an attractive candidate for further experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Schmitz
- Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Widholz
- Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Essers
- Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Becker
- Disperse Solid Materials, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D U Tulyaganov
- Department of Natural-Mathematical Sciences, Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent, 17 Small Ring Street, 100095, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - A Moghaddam
- Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.,ATORG - Aschaffenburg Trauma and Orthopedic Research Group, Center for Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics, and Sports Medicine, Klinikum Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, Am Hasenkopf 1, 63739, Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - I Gonzalo de Juan
- Disperse Solid Materials, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Westhauser
- Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
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Rezabeigi E, Wood-Adams PM, Drew RA. Synthesis of 45S5 Bioglass® via a straightforward organic, nitrate-free sol-gel process. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2014; 40:248-52. [PMID: 24857490 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
More than four decades after the discovery of 45S5 Bioglass® as the first bioactive material, this composition is still one of the most promising materials in the tissue engineering field. Sol-gel-derived bioactive glasses generally possess improved properties over other bioactive glasses, because of their highly porous microstructure and unique surface chemistry which accelerate hydroxyapatite formation. In the current study, a new combination of precursors with lactic acid as the hydrolysis catalyst have been employed to design an organic, nitrate-free sol-gel procedure for synthesizing of 45S5 Bioglass®. This straightforward route is able to produce fully amorphous submicron particles of this glass with an appropriately high specific surface area on the order of ten times higher than that of the melt-derived glasses. These characteristics are expected to lead to rapid hydroxyapatite formation and consequently more efficient bone bonding.
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