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Xue D, Wei C, Zhou Y, Wang K, Zhou Y, Chen C, Li Y, Sheng L, Lu B, Zhu Z, Cai W, Ning X, Li S, Qi T, Pi J, Lin S, Yan G, Huang Y, Yin W. TRIOL Inhibits Rapid Intracellular Acidification and Cerebral Ischemic Injury: The Role of Glutamate in Neuronal Metabolic Reprogramming. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2110-2121. [PMID: 35770894 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the key injury incidents, tissue acidosis in the brain occurs very quickly within several minutes upon the onset of ischemic stroke. Glutamate, an excitatory amino acid inducing neuronal excitotoxicity, has been reported to trigger the decrease in neuronal intracellular pH (pHi) via modulating proton-related membrane transporters. However, there remains a lack of clarity on the possible role of glutamate in neuronal acidosis via regulating metabolism. Here, we show that 200 μM glutamate treatment quickly promotes glycolysis and inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation of primary cultured neurons within 15 min, leading to significant cytosolic lactate accumulation, which contributes to the rapid intracellular acidification and neuronal injury. The reprogramming of neuronal metabolism by glutamate is dependent on adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling since the inhibition of AMPK activation by its selective inhibitor compound C significantly reverses these deleterious events in vitro. Moreover, 5α-androst-3β,5α,6β-TRIOL (TRIOL), a neuroprotectant we previously reported, can also remarkably reverse intracellular acidification and alleviate neuronal injury through the inhibition of AMPK signaling. Furthermore, TRIOL remarkably reduced the infarct volume and attenuated neurologic impairment in acute ischemic stroke models of middle cerebral artery occlusion in vivo. In summary, we reveal a novel role of glutamate in rapid intracellular acidification injury resulting from glutamate-induced lactate accumulation through AMPK-mediated neuronal reprogramming. Moreover, inhibition of the quick drop in neuronal pHi by TRIOL significantly reduces the cerebral damages, suggesting that it is a promising drug candidate for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- DongDong Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - CaiLv Wei
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - YueHan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kai Wang
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - YuWei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - LongXiang Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - BingZheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - XinPeng Ning
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - ShengLong Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - TianYu Qi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - JiaKai Pi
- Guangzhou Foreign Language School, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - SuiZhen Lin
- Guangzhou Cellprotek Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - GuangMei Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - YiJun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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