1
|
Nouchi R, Kawata NYS, Saito T, Nouchi H, Kawashima R. Benefits of Wasabi Supplements with 6-MSITC (6-Methylsulfinyl Hexyl Isothiocyanate) on Memory Functioning in Healthy Adults Aged 60 Years and Older: Evidence from a Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4608. [PMID: 37960261 PMCID: PMC10648564 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive functions decline with age. Declined cognitive functions negatively affect daily behaviors. Previous studies showed the positive effect of spices and herbs on cognition. In this study, we investigated the positive impact of wasabi, which is a traditional Japanese spice, on cognitive functions. The main bioactive compound of wasabi is 6-MSITC (6 methylsulfinyl hexyl isothiocyanate), which has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. Anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatories have an important role in cognitive health. Therefore, 6-MSITC is expected to have positive effects on cognitive function. Previous studies showed the beneficial effects on cognitive functions in middle-aged adults. However, it is unclear that 6-MSITC has a positive effect on cognitive functions in healthy older adults aged 60 years and over. Here, we investigated whether 12 weeks' 6-MSITC intervention enhances cognitive performance in older adults using a double-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT). METHODS Seventy-two older adults were randomly assigned to 6-MSITC or placebo groups. Participants were asked to take a supplement (6-MSITC or a placebo) for 12 weeks. We checked a wide range of cognitive performances (e.g., executive function, episodic memory, processing speed, working memory, and attention) at the pre- and post-intervention periods. RESULTS The 6-MSITC group showed a significant improvement in working and episodic memory performances compared to the placebo group. However, we did not find any significant improvements in other cognitive domains. DISCUSSION This study firstly demonstrates scientific evidence that 6-MSITC may enhance working memory and episodic memory in older adults. We discuss the potential mechanism for improving cognitive functions after 6-MSITC intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (H.N.); (R.K.)
- Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C.), Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Human Environment, Dodohimata 9-12, Matsuyama 790-0823, Japan
| | - Natasha Y. S. Kawata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (N.Y.S.K.); (T.S.)
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Toshiki Saito
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (N.Y.S.K.); (T.S.)
- School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Haruka Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (H.N.); (R.K.)
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (H.N.); (R.K.)
- Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C.), Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (N.Y.S.K.); (T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nakajima R, Kanou M, Tokushima M, Iwama Y, Yamana K. Oral administration of 6-methylsulfinylhexyl isothiocyanate extracted from wasabi is safe and improves the fatigue and sleep of healthy volunteers. Biopsychosoc Med 2023; 17:30. [PMID: 37612759 PMCID: PMC10463496 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-023-00287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the effects of 6-methylsulfinylhexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) contained in wasabi rhizomes on fatigue and sleep and to examine its safety through overdose study. METHODS A total of 20 healthy volunteers who were experiencing daily fatigue were given powder containing 6-MSITC (4.8 mg/day of 6-MSITC) extracted from wasabi for 4 weeks. Then, fatigue, sleep, autonomic nervous functioning, stress, and immunity were evaluated. In addition, an overdose safety study of the extract powder (up to 16 mg/day of 6-MSITC for 4 weeks) was performed with 30 healthy volunteers in a double-blind, placebo-controlled method. RESULTS The powder containing 6-MSITC did not improve fatigue after a mental task, but fatigue before the mental task, sleep, and mood were improved significantly after 4 weeks intake. No changes were observed in the autonomic nerve function, stress, or immune markers. In the overdose safety study, no changes in the parameters or side effects were observed, and the results showed that high doses of the extract powder containing 6-MSITC is safe. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the possibility that this powder extracted from wasabi that contains 6-MSITC might improve fatigue and sleep. However, because the effectiveness evaluation in this study was a single-arm, open-label study and there was no placebo control group, these points must be considered when interpreting the results. Safety was confirmed in an overdose study of more than three times the amount compared to that in the efficacy evaluation study. In the future, further research should be conducted on its effectiveness for treating fatigue and sleep problems. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN clinical trial registration system, UMIN000049913. Registered 27 December 2022 Retrospectively registered, https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000056818.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nakajima
- Nutraceutical Group, Division of New Business in Healthcare Business, Teijin Ltd., 2-1, Kasumigaseki 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8585, Japan.
- NOMON Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masanobu Kanou
- Nutraceutical Group, Division of New Business in Healthcare Business, Teijin Ltd., 2-1, Kasumigaseki 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8585, Japan
- NOMON Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kei Yamana
- Nutraceutical Group, Division of New Business in Healthcare Business, Teijin Ltd., 2-1, Kasumigaseki 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8585, Japan
- NOMON Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oka T, Yamada Y, Lkhagvasuren B, Nakao M, Nakajima R, Kanou M, Hiramatsu R, Nabeshima YI. Clinical effects of wasabi extract containing 6-MSITC on myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: an open-label trial. Biopsychosoc Med 2022; 16:26. [PMID: 36510244 PMCID: PMC9742665 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-022-00255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wasabi (Eutrema japonicum) is a common pungent spice used in Japan. 6-Methylsulfinylhexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) found in the rhizome of wasabi has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, as well as improve neuroinflammation and memory. Therefore, we hypothesized that these effects would be beneficial for treating myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of wasabi extract containing 6-MSITC on ME/CFS in an open-label trial. METHODS Fifteen patients (3 males, 12 females, 20-58 years old) were orally administered wasabi extract (9.6 mg of 6-MSITC/day) for 12 weeks. The following parameters and test results were compared pre- and post-treatment: performance status (PS), self-rating questionnaires, pressure pain threshold (PPT) on the occiput, Trail Making test-A (TMT-A), and hemodynamic patterns determined by an active standing test. RESULTS After treatment with 6-MSITC, PS improved significantly (p = 0.001). Although the scores on the 11-item Chalder Fatigue scale (CFS-11) and numerical rating scale (NRS) of fatigue did not show significant changes, subjective symptoms improved significantly, including headache frequency (4.1 to 3.0 times/week, p = 0.001) and myalgia (4.1 to 2.4 times/week, p = 0.019), NRS brain fog scores (5.7 to 4.5, p = 0.011), difficulty finding appropriate words (4.8 to 3.7, p = 0.015), photophobia (4.8 to 3.5, p = 0.008), and the Profile of Mood Status vigor score (46.9 to 50.0, p = 0.045). The PPT of the right occiput (17.3 to 21.3 kPa, p = 0.01) and TMT-A scores (53.0 to 38.1 s, p = 0.007) also changed, suggesting reduced pain sensitivity, and improved cognitive function, respectively. Orthostatic patterns determined by a standing test did not show remarkable changes. There were no serious adverse reactions. CONCLUSION This study suggests that 6-MSITC improves PS as well as subjective symptoms such as pain and cognitive dysfunction, and psychological vitality of patients with ME/CFS. It also improved cognitive performance and increased pain thresholds in these patients. 6-MSITC may be a promising therapeutic option especially for improving cognitive dysfunction associated with ME/CFS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takakazu Oka
- grid.411731.10000 0004 0531 3030Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Iguchi 537-3, Nasushiobara-Shi, Tochigi-Ken 329-2763 Japan ,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita, Chiba 286-8520 Japan
| | - Yu Yamada
- grid.411731.10000 0004 0531 3030Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Iguchi 537-3, Nasushiobara-Shi, Tochigi-Ken 329-2763 Japan
| | - Battuvshin Lkhagvasuren
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita, Chiba 286-8520 Japan
| | - Mutsuhiro Nakao
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita, Chiba 286-8520 Japan
| | - Ryota Nakajima
- grid.419889.50000 0004 1779 3502TEIJIN LIMITED, 2-1, Kasumigaseki 3-Chome, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 100-8585 Japan
| | - Masanobu Kanou
- grid.419889.50000 0004 1779 3502TEIJIN LIMITED, 2-1, Kasumigaseki 3-Chome, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 100-8585 Japan
| | - Ryuji Hiramatsu
- PAL LIMITED, 10-31-105, Furuedai 3-Chome, Suita-Shi, Osaka, 565-0874 Japan
| | - Yo-ichi Nabeshima
- PAL LIMITED, 10-31-105, Furuedai 3-Chome, Suita-Shi, Osaka, 565-0874 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shimoyama M, Hosokawa Y, Hosokawa I, Ozaki K, Hosaka K. 6-(Methylsulfinyl) Hexyl Isothiocyanate Inhibits IL-6 and CXCL10 Production in TNF-α-Stimulated Human Oral Epithelial Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2915-2922. [PMID: 35877425 PMCID: PMC9318978 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
6-(Methylsulfinyl) hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) is a bioactive substance found in wasabi (Wasabia japonica) and has been reported to have some bioactive effects including anticancer and antioxidant effects. However, there are no reports on its effects on periodontal resident cells, and many points remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether 6-MSITC exerts anti-inflammatory effects on human oral epithelial cells, including effects on signal transduction pathway activation. 6-MSITC inhibited interleukin (IL)-6 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) production in TNF-α-stimulated TR146 cells, which are a human oral epithelial cell line. Moreover, we found that 6-MSITC could suppress signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and p70S6 kinase (p70S6K)-S6 ribosomal protein (S6) pathways activation in TNF-α-stimulated TR146 cells. Furthermore, STAT3 and NF-κB inhibitors could suppress IL-6 and CXCL10 production in TNF-α-treated TR146 cells. In summary, 6-MSITC could decrease IL-6 and CXCL10 production in human oral epithelial cell by inhibiting STAT3 and NF-κB activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shimoyama
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (M.S.); (I.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (M.S.); (I.H.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-886-33-7340
| | - Ikuko Hosokawa
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (M.S.); (I.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Kazumi Ozaki
- Department of Oral Health Care Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan;
| | - Keiichi Hosaka
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (M.S.); (I.H.); (K.H.)
| |
Collapse
|