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Prati F, De Simone A, Armirotti A, Summa M, Pizzirani D, Scarpelli R, Bertozzi SM, Perez DI, Andrisano V, Perez-Castillo A, Monti B, Massenzio F, Polito L, Racchi M, Sabatino P, Bottegoni G, Martinez A, Cavalli A, Bolognesi ML. 3,4-Dihydro-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-ones as the First Dual BACE-1/GSK-3β Fragment Hits against Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1665-82. [PMID: 26171616 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main obstacles toward the discovery of effective anti-Alzheimer drugs is the multifactorial nature of its etiopathology. Therefore, the use of multitarget-directed ligands has emerged as particularly suitable. Such ligands, able to modulate different neurodegenerative pathways, for example, amyloid and tau cascades, as well as cognitive and neurogenic functions, are fostered to come. In this respect, we report herein on the first class of BACE-1/GSK-3β dual inhibitors based on a 3,4-dihydro-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one skeleton, whose hit compound 1 showed interesting properties in a preliminary investigation. Notably, compound 2, endowed with well-balanced potencies against the two isolated enzymes (IC50 of 16 and 7 μM against BACE-1 and GSK-3β, respectively), displayed effective neuroprotective and neurogenic activities and no neurotoxicity in cell-based assays. It also showed good brain permeability in a pharmacokinetic assessment in mice. Overall, triazinone derivatives, thanks to the simultaneous modulation of multiple points of the diseased network, might emerge as suitable candidates to be tested in in vivo Alzheimer's disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Prati
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechonology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro
6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela De Simone
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department
for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto
237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Summa
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Pizzirani
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Rita Scarpelli
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Sine Mandrup Bertozzi
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniel I. Perez
- Centro de Investigaciones
Biologicas, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maetzu
9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department
for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto
237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Ana Perez-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones
Biomédicas, CSIC-UAM, Arturo
Duperier, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Nicolás
Cabrera, 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechonology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro
6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Massenzio
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechonology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro
6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Letizia Polito
- Fondazione Golgi
Cenci, Corso San Martino 10, 20081 Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Department
of Drug Sciences-Pharmacology, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Piera Sabatino
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bottegoni
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones
Biologicas, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maetzu
9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechonology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro
6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria L. Bolognesi
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechonology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro
6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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