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Li J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Cao L, Xie Q, Chen G, Chen X, Hu Z. Suppression of a hexokinase gene SlHXK1 in tomato affects fruit setting and seed quality. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 205:108160. [PMID: 37944243 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinase is considered to be the key molecule in sugar signaling and metabolism. Here, we reported that silencing SlHXK1 resulted in a decrease in flower number, increased rate of flower dropping, abnormal thickening of the anther wall, and reduced pollen and seed viability. An anatomical analysis revealed the loss of small cells and abnormal thickening of anther walls in SlHXK1-RNAi lines. Treatment with auxin and 1-methylcyclopropene inhibited flower dropping from the pedicel abscission zone. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the effect of SlHXK1 on abscission was associated with the expression levels of genes related to key meristem, auxin, ethylene, cell wall metabolism and programmed cell death. Pollen germination and pollen staining experiments showed that pollen viability was significantly reduced in the SlHXK1-RNAi lines. Physiological and biochemical analyses showed that hexokinase activity and starch content were markedly decreased in the transgenic lines. The expression of genes related to tomato pollen development was also suppressed in the transgenic lines. Although the RNAi lines eventually produced some viable seeds, the yield and quality of the seeds was lower than that of wild-type plants. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that SlHXK1 interacted with SlKINγ. Furthermore, SlPIF4 inhibited the transcriptional expression of SlHXK1. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that SlHXK1 may play important roles in pollen, anther, seed and the pedicel abscission zone by affecting starch accumulation or cell wall synthesis, as well as by regulating the number of the transcripts of genes that are involved in auxin, ethylene and cell wall degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jianling Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
| | - Lili Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xuqing Chen
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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Kućko A, de Dios Alché J, Tranbarger TJ, Wilmowicz E. Abscisic acid- and ethylene-induced abscission of yellow lupine flowers is mediated by jasmonates. J Plant Physiol 2023; 290:154119. [PMID: 37879220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The appropriate timing of organ abscission determines plant growth, development, reproductive success, and yield in relation to crop species. Among these, yellow lupine is an example of a crop species that loses many fully developed flowers, which limits the formation of pods with high-protein seeds and affects its economic value. Lupine flower abscission, similarly to the separation of other organs, depends on a complex regulatory network functioning in the cells of the abscission zone (AZ). In the present study, genetic, biochemical, and cellular methods were used to highlight the complexity of the interactions among strong hormonal stimulators of abscission, including abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, and jasmonates (JAs) precisely in the AZ cells, with all results supporting that the JA-related pathway has an important role in the phytohormonal cross-talk leading to flower abscission in yellow lupine. Based on obtained results, we conclude that ABA and ET have positive influence on JAs biosynthesis and signaling pathway in time-dependent manner. Both phytohormones changes lipoxygenase (LOX) gene expression, affects LOX protein abundance, and JA accumulation in AZ cells. We have also shown that the signaling pathway of JA is highly sensitive to ABA and ET, given the accumulation of COI1 receptor and MYC2 transcription factor in response to these phytohormones. The results presented provide novel information about the JAs-dependent separation of organs and provide insight and details about the phytohormone-related mechanisms of lupine flower abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kućko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Juan de Dios Alché
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008, Granada, Spain.
| | - Timothy John Tranbarger
- UMR DIADE, IRD Centre de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 CEDEX 5, Montpellier, France.
| | - Emilia Wilmowicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Liao F, Li T, Li X, Wu B, Hong SB, Xu K, Zang Y, Zheng W. Genome-wide identification of GH9 gene family and the assessment of its role during fruit abscission zone formation in Vaccinium ashei. Plant Cell Rep 2023; 42:1589-1609. [PMID: 37474780 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The genomic location and stage-specific expression pattern of GH9 genes reveal their critical roles during fruit abscission zone formation in Vaccinium ashei. Glycosyl hydrolase family 9 (GH9) cellulases play a crucial role in both cellulose synthesis and hydrolysis during plant growth and development. Despite this importance, there is currently no study on the involvement of GH9-encoding genes, specifically VaGH9s, in abscission zone formation of rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei). In this study, we identified a total of 61 VaGH9s in the genome, which can be classified into 3 subclasses based on conserved motifs and domains, gene structures, and phylogenetic analyses. Our synteny analysis revealed that VaGH9s are more closely related to the GH9s of Populus L. than to those of Arabidopsis, Vitis vinifera, and Citrus sinensis. In silico structural analysis predicted that most of VaGH9s are hydrophilic, and localized in cell membrane and/or cell wall, and the variable sets of cis-acting regulatory elements and functional diversity with four categories of stress response, hormone regulation, growth and development, and transcription factor-related elements are present in the promoter sequence of VaGH9s genes. Transcriptomic analysis showed that there were 22 differentially expressed VaGH9s in fruit abscission zone tissue at the veraison stage, and the expression of VaGH9B2 and VaGH9C10 was continuously increased during fruit maturation, which were in parallel with the increasing levels of cellulase activity and oxidative stress indicators, suggesting that they are involved in the separation stage of fruit abscission in Vaccinium ashei. Our work identified 22 VaGH9s potentially involved in different stages of fruit abscission and would aid further investigation into the molecular regulation of abscission in rabbiteye blueberries fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Wusu Road 666, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Wusu Road 666, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangfang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Wusu Road 666, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Wusu Road 666, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Wusu Road 666, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Boping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Wusu Road 666, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX, 77058-1098, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Wusu Road 666, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunxiang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Wusu Road 666, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Wusu Road 666, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Singh P, Maurya SK, Singh D, Sane AP. The rose INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION-LIKE genes, RbIDL1 and RbIDL4, regulate abscission in an ethylene-responsive manner. Plant Cell Rep 2023; 42:1147-1161. [PMID: 37069436 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE RbIDL1 and RbIDL4 are up-regulated in an ethylene-responsive manner during rose petal abscission and restored the Arabidopsis ida-2 mutant abscission defect suggesting functional conservation of the IDA pathway in rose. Abscission is an ethylene-regulated developmental process wherein plants shed unwanted organs in a controlled manner. The INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION family has been identified as a key regulator of abscission in Arabidopsis, encoding peptides that interact with receptor-like kinases to activate abscission. Loss of function ida mutants show abscission deficiency in Arabidopsis. Functional conservation of the IDA pathway in other plant abscission processes is a matter of interest given the discovery of these genes in several plants. We have identified four members of the INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION-LIKE family from the ethylene-sensitive, early-abscising fragrant rose, Rosa bourboniana. All four are conserved in sequence and possess well-defined PIP, mIDa and EPIP motifs. Three of these, RbIDL1, RbIDL2 and RbIDL4 show a three-fourfold increase in transcript levels in petal abscission zones (AZ) during ethylene-induced petal abscission as well as natural abscission. The genes are also expressed in other floral tissues but respond differently to ethylene in these tissues. RbIDL1 and RbIDL4, the more prominently expressed IDL genes in rose, can complement the abscission defect of the Arabidopsis ida-2 mutant; while, promoters of both genes can drive AZ-specific expression in an ethylene-responsive manner even in Arabidopsis silique AZs indicating recognition of AZ-specific and ethylene-responsive cis elements in their promoters by the abscission machinery of rose as well as Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Singh
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Maurya
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Department of Botany, Kishori Raman (PG) College, Mathura, India
| | - Deepika Singh
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Aniruddha P Sane
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Wilmowicz E, Kućko A, Tranbarger TJ, Ostrowski M, Niedojadło J, Karwaszewski J, Kapuścińska D, Panek K. EPIP as an abscission promoting agent in the phytohormonal pathway. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 178:137-145. [PMID: 35298945 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying the activation of the abscission zone (AZ) responsible for organ separation from plant body in crop species will help improve their yielding and economic importance. Special attention has been given recently to the role of the INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION protein, particularly its functional fragment, EPIP peptide. Its stimulatory effect on abscission in different crops has been demonstrated. Recently we described the role of EPIP in the redox, lipid, and pectin-related events taking place in AZ of Lupinus luteus flowers, which undergo massive abscission in natural conditions. To further examine EPIP contribution in AZ functioning, here, we analyze its impact on the ultrastructural changes, synthesis of two hormonal abscission stimulators - abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene (ET), and the appearance of phosphoproteins. As our results show, the response of flower AZ to exogenous EPIP involves the induction of distinct modifications related to the one hand with upregulation of cell activity but on the other hand degradation processes and possible autophagy. Furthermore, the EPIP stimulated biosynthesis pathways of ABA and ET precisely in AZ cells. In addition, progressive phosphorylation of proteins has been observed under EPIP influence. The highly accumulated ones were identified as those, related to primary metabolism and reactive oxygen species homeostasis, and their role in abscission has been discussed. To summarizing, the presented detailed description of EPIP action in AZ cells in combination with our previous data offers new insights into its regulatory function and provides opportunities to counteract excessive flower abscission in lupine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Wilmowicz
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
| | - Agata Kućko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159 Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Timothy John Tranbarger
- UMR DIADE, IRD Centre de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394, CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Maciej Ostrowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Janusz Niedojadło
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Jacek Karwaszewski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Dominika Kapuścińska
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, 59 Wita Stwosza, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Panek
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100, Torun, Poland
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Ventimilla D, Velázquez K, Ruiz-Ruiz S, Terol J, Pérez-Amador MA, Vives MC, Guerri J, Talon M, Tadeo FR. IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION)-like peptides and HAE (HAESA)-like receptors regulate corolla abscission in Nicotiana benthamiana flowers. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:226. [PMID: 34020584 PMCID: PMC8139003 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abscission is an active, organized, and highly coordinated cell separation process enabling the detachment of aerial organs through the modification of cell-to-cell adhesion and breakdown of cell walls at specific sites on the plant body known as abscission zones. In Arabidopsis thaliana, abscission of floral organs and cauline leaves is regulated by the interaction of the hormonal peptide INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA), a pair of redundant receptor-like protein kinases, HAESA (HAE) and HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2), and SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SERK) co-receptors. However, the functionality of this abscission signaling module has not yet been demonstrated in other plant species. RESULTS The expression of the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs and the receptor NbenHAE.1 was supressed at the base of the corolla tube by the inoculation of two virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) constructs in Nicotiana benthamiana. These gene suppression events arrested corolla abscission but did not produce any obvious effect on plant growth. VIGS plants retained a higher number of corollas attached to the flowers than control plants, an observation related to a greater corolla breakstrength. The arrest of corolla abscission was associated with the preservation of the parenchyma tissue at the base of the corolla tube that, in contrast, was virtually collapsed in normal corollas. In contrast, the inoculation of a viral vector construct that increased the expression of NbenIDA1A at the base of the corolla tube negatively affected the growth of the inoculated plants accelerating the timing of both corolla senescence and abscission. However, the heterologous ectopic overexpression of citrus CitIDA3 and Arabidopsis AtIDA in N. benthamiana did not alter the standard plant phenotype suggesting that the proteolytic processing machinery was unable to yield active peptides. CONCLUSION Here, we demonstrate that the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs encoding small peptides of the IDA-like family and the receptor NbenHAE.1 control cellular breakdown at the base of the corolla tube awhere an adventitious AZ should be formed and, therefore, corolla abscission in N. benthamiana flowers. Altogether, our results provide the first evidence supporting the notion that the IDA-HAE/HSL2 signaling module is conserved in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ventimilla
- Centro de Genómica - Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Karelia Velázquez
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Ruiz-Ruiz
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Terol
- Centro de Genómica - Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Pérez-Amador
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. CPI Ed. 8E, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mª. Carmen Vives
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Guerri
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Talon
- Centro de Genómica - Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco R. Tadeo
- Centro de Genómica - Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
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Fooyontphanich K, Morcillo F, Joët T, Dussert S, Serret J, Collin M, Amblard P, Tangphatsornruang S, Roongsattham P, Jantasuriyarat C, Verdeil JL, Tranbarger TJ. Multi-scale comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key genes and metabolic reprogramming processes associated with oil palm fruit abscission. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:92. [PMID: 33573592 PMCID: PMC7879690 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit abscission depends on cell separation that occurs within specialized cell layers that constitute an abscission zone (AZ). To determine the mechanisms of fleshy fruit abscission of the monocot oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) compared with other abscission systems, we performed multi-scale comparative transcriptome analyses on fruit targeting the developing primary AZ and adjacent tissues. RESULTS Combining between-tissue developmental comparisons with exogenous ethylene treatments, and naturally occurring abscission in the field, RNAseq analysis revealed a robust core set of 168 genes with differentially regulated expression, spatially associated with the ripe fruit AZ, and temporally restricted to the abscission timing. The expression of a set of candidate genes was validated by qRT-PCR in the fruit AZ of a natural oil palm variant with blocked fruit abscission, which provides evidence for their functions during abscission. Our results substantiate the conservation of gene function between dicot dry fruit dehiscence and monocot fleshy fruit abscission. The study also revealed major metabolic transitions occur in the AZ during abscission, including key senescence marker genes and transcriptional regulators, in addition to genes involved in nutrient recycling and reallocation, alternative routes for energy supply and adaptation to oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The study provides the first reference transcriptome of a monocot fleshy fruit abscission zone and provides insight into the mechanisms underlying abscission by identifying key genes with functional roles and processes, including metabolic transitions, cell wall modifications, signalling, stress adaptations and transcriptional regulation, that occur during ripe fruit abscission of the monocot oil palm. The transcriptome data comprises an original reference and resource useful towards understanding the evolutionary basis of this fundamental plant process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Fooyontphanich
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
- Grow A Green Co, Ltd. 556 Maha Chakraphat Rd. Namaung, Chachoengsao, Chachoengsao Province, 24000, Thailand
| | - Fabienne Morcillo
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, DIADE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Joët
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Dussert
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Serret
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Myriam Collin
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Peerapat Roongsattham
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Bangkhen Campus, 50 Phahonyothin Road Jatujak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Bangkhen Campus, 50 Phahonyothin Road Jatujak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jean-Luc Verdeil
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Timothy J Tranbarger
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France.
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Kućko A, Smoliński D, Wilmowicz E, Florkiewicz A, de Dios Alché J. Spatio-temporal localization of LlBOP following early events of floral abscission in yellow lupine. Protoplasma 2019; 256:1173-1183. [PMID: 30993471 PMCID: PMC6713700 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of excessive flower abscission in yellow lupine is a process of substantial interest to the agricultural industries, because it substantially affects the yield. The aim of this work was to provide an analysis of the changes taking place precisely in the abscission zone (AZ) during early stages of flower separation. We put particular emphasis on mRNA accumulation of BOP (BLADE ON PETIOLE) gene encoding a transcriptional factor so far considered to be essential for AZ formation. Our results show that the AZ displays a particular transcriptional network active in the specific stages of its function, as reflected by the expression profile of LlBOP. Noteworthy, spatio-temporal LlBOP transcript accumulation in the elements of pedicel vascular tissue reveals divergent regulatory mechanism of its activity. We have also found that AZ cells accumulate reactive oxidative species following abscission and what is more, become active due to the increasing amount of uridine-rich small nuclear RNA, accompanied by poly(A) mRNA intensive synthesis. Our paper is a novel report for BOP involvement in the AZ functioning in relation to the whole transcriptional activity of AZ and overall discussed regarding BOP role as a potential mobile key regulator of abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kućko
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166 Street, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Smoliński
- Department of Cell Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska Street, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Emilia Wilmowicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Florkiewicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Juan de Dios Alché
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 1 Profesor Albareda Street, 18008, Granada, Spain
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9
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Heo S, Chung YS. Validation of MADS-box genes from apple fruit pedicels during early fruit abscission by transcriptome analysis and real-time PCR. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:1241-1251. [PMID: 31350732 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit abscission in an isolated region called abscission zone (AZ) is regulated by several genes including JOINTLESS, MACROCALYX and SEPALLATA, MADS-box genes, in tomato. OBJECTIVE The surviving central pedicels and the abscised lateral pedicels were examined in fruit clusters in order to investigate apple MADS-box genes from fruit pedicels of self-abscising apple 'Saika' during early fruit abscission. METHODS After performing RNA-Seq, transcription profiling was conducted on the MADS-box genes from apple central and lateral pedicels. The JOINTLESS homolog of apple (MdJOINTLESS) was amplified using degenerate primers annealing to a highly conserved domain based on the orthologous genes of various crops, including JOINTLESS gene of tomato. The expression pattern of MdJOINTLESS was investigated in central and lateral pedicles by real-time PCR. RESULTS Some homologs were found which similar to JOINTLESS, MACROCALYX and SEPALLATA of tomato MADS-box genes from transcriptome analysis and RACE. Using phylogenetic analyses with the MADS-box gene family, MdJOINTLESS was classified into the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) clade that included Arabidopsis and other crops. The expression level of MdJOINTLESS in central pedicel was more than twice as high as that of lateral pedicel. CONCLUSION In the current study, we could find apple homologs of JOINTLESS, MACROCALYX, SEPALLATA, which were known to regulate pedicel AZ development in tomato. Furthermore, MdJOINTLESS might contribute to auxin gradation, influencing hierarchical ranking of auxin transport between fruit pedicels of self-abscising apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Heo
- Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi, 39000, South Korea
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea.
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Kućko A, Wilmowicz E, Ostrowski M. Spatio-temporal IAA gradient is determined by interactions with ET and governs flower abscission. J Plant Physiol 2019; 236:51-60. [PMID: 30878877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The abscission zone (AZ) is a specialized tissue that usually develops at the base of an organ and is highly sensitive to phytohormones, e.g., abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and gibberellins (GAs). A current model of organ abscission assumes that the formation of an auxin gradient around the AZ area determines the time of shedding; however, that thesis is supported by studies that are primarily concerned with auxin transporters. To better understand the events underlying the progression of abscission, we focused for the first time on indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) distribution following AZ activation. We performed a series of immunolocalization studies in proximal and distal regions of floral AZ cells in yellow lupine, which is an agriculturally important legume. The examined phytohormone was abundant in natural active AZ cells, as well as above and below parts of this structure. A similar gradient of IAA was observed during the early steps of abscission, which was induced artificially by flower removal. Surprisingly, IAA was not detected in inactive AZ cells. This paper is also a consequence of our comprehensive studies concerning the phytohormonal regulation of flower abscission in yellow lupine. We present new data on interactions between IAA and ET, previously pointed out as a strong modulator of flower separation. The detailed analysis shows that disruption of the natural auxin gradient around the AZ area through the application of synthetic IAA had a positive effect on ET biosynthesis genes. We proved that these changes are accompanied by an accumulation of the ET precursor. On the other hand, exposure to ET significantly affected IAA localization in the whole AZ area in a time-dependent manner. Our results provide insight into the existence of a spatio-temporal sequential pattern of the IAA gradient related to the abscission process; this pattern is maintained by interactions with ET. We present new valuable evidence for the existence of conservative mechanisms that regulate generative organ separation and can help to improve the yield of agronomically significant species in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kućko
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 LwowskaStreet, 87-100, Toruń, Poland; Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, 59 Wita Stwosza, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Emilia Wilmowicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 LwowskaStreet, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Maciej Ostrowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 LwowskaStreet, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
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11
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Abstract
Petal breakstrength (pBS) is a method to study floral organ abscission by quantitating the force required to pull a petal from the receptacle. However, it is only well established in some labs and used in a subset of abscission studies. Here, we describe the mechanism and operation of the pBS meter, as well as detailed measurement and further data analysis. We show that it is a powerful tool to detect early or delayed floral organ abscission in mutant or transgenic plants, which is not easily detected by phenotypic investigation.
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12
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Marciniak K, Kućko A, Wilmowicz E, Świdziński M, Przedniczek K, Kopcewicz J. Gibberellic acid affects the functioning of the flower abscission zone in Lupinus luteus via cooperation with the ethylene precursor independently of abscisic acid. J Plant Physiol 2018; 229:170-174. [PMID: 30114566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The abscission of plant organs is a phytohormone-controlled process. Our study provides new insight into the involvement of gibberellic acid (GA3) in the functioning of the flower abscission zone (AZ) in yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.). Physiological studies demonstrated that GA3 stimulated flower abortion. Additionally, this phytohormone was abundantly presented in the AZ cells of naturally abscised flowers, especially in vascular bundles. Interesting interactions among GA3 and other modulators of flower separation were also investigated. GA3 accumulated after treatment with the ethylene (ET) precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Abscisic acid (ABA) treatment did not cause such an effect. Furthermore, the expression of the newly identified LlGA20ox1 and LlGA2ox1 genes encoding 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases fluctuated after ACC or ABA treatment which confirmed the existence of regulatory crosstalk. GA3 appears to cooperate with the ET precursor in the regulation of AZ function in L. luteus flowers; however, the presented mechanism is ABA-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Marciniak
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology,Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Agata Kućko
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology,Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Emilia Wilmowicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology,Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Michał Świdziński
- Department of Cell Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Przedniczek
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology,Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Jan Kopcewicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology,Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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13
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Shi CL, Butenko MA. Visualizing Morphological Changes of Abscission Zone Cells in Arabidopsis by Scanning Electron Microscope. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1744:321-328. [PMID: 29392677 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7672-0_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope which produces detailed images of surface structures. It has been widely used in plants and animals to study cellular structures. Here, we describe a detailed protocol to prepare samples of floral abscission zones (AZs) for SEM, as well as further image analysis. We show that it is a powerful tool to detect morphologic changes at the cellular level during the course of abscission in wild-type plants and to establish the details of phenotypic alteration in abscission mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Shi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Melinka A Butenko
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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14
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Sundaresan S, Philosoph-Hadas S, Riov J, Belausov E, Kochanek B, Tucker ML, Meir S. Abscission of flowers and floral organs is closely associated with alkalization of the cytosol in abscission zone cells. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:1355-68. [PMID: 25504336 PMCID: PMC4339595 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In vivo changes in the cytosolic pH of abscission zone (AZ) cells were visualized using confocal microscopic detection of the fluorescent pH-sensitive and intracellularly trapped dye, 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF), driven by its acetoxymethyl ester. A specific and gradual increase in the cytosolic pH of AZ cells was observed during natural abscission of flower organs in Arabidopsis thaliana and wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia), and during flower pedicel abscission induced by flower removal in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill). The alkalization pattern in the first two species paralleled the acceleration or inhibition of flower organ abscission induced by ethylene or its inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), respectively. Similarly, 1-MCP pre-treatment of tomato inflorescence explants abolished the pH increase in AZ cells and pedicel abscission induced by flower removal. Examination of the pH changes in the AZ cells of Arabidopsis mutants defective in both ethylene-induced (ctr1, ein2, eto4) and ethylene-independent (ida, nev7, dab5) abscission pathways confirmed these results. The data indicate that the pH changes in the AZ cells are part of both the ethylene-sensitive and -insensitive abscission pathways, and occur concomitantly with the execution of organ abscission. pH can affect enzymatic activities and/or act as a signal for gene expression. Changes in pH during abscission could occur via regulation of transporters in AZ cells, which might affect cytosolic pH. Indeed, four genes associated with pH regulation, vacuolar H(+)-ATPase, putative high-affinity nitrate transporter, and two GTP-binding proteins, were specifically up-regulated in tomato flower AZ following abscission induction, and 1-MCP reduced or abolished the increased expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivignesh Sundaresan
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 5025001, Israel The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sonia Philosoph-Hadas
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 5025001, Israel
| | - Joseph Riov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 5025001, Israel
| | - Betina Kochanek
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 5025001, Israel
| | - Mark L Tucker
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Shimon Meir
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 5025001, Israel
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15
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Lombardi L, Arrom L, Mariotti L, Battelli R, Picciarelli P, Kille P, Stead T, Munné-Bosch S, Rogers HJ. Auxin involvement in tepal senescence and abscission in Lilium: a tale of two lilies. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:945-56. [PMID: 25422499 PMCID: PMC4321550 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Petal wilting and/or abscission terminates the life of the flower. However, how wilting and abscission are coordinated is not fully understood. There is wide variation in the extent to which petals wilt before abscission, even between cultivars of the same species. For example, tepals of Lilium longiflorum wilt substantially, while those of the closely related Lilium longiflorum×Asiatic hybrid (L.A.) abscise turgid. Furthermore, close comparison of petal death in these two Lilium genotypes shows that there is a dramatic fall in fresh weight/dry weight accompanied by a sharp increase in ion leakage in late senescent L. longiflorum tepals, neither of which occur in Lilium L.A. Despite these differences, a putative abscission zone was identified in both lilies, but while the detachment force was reduced to zero in Lilium L.A., wilting of the fused tepals in L. longiflorum occurred before abscission was complete. Abscission is often negatively regulated by auxin, and the possible role of auxin in regulating tepal abscission relative to wilting was tested in the two lilies. There was a dramatic increase in auxin levels with senescence in L. longiflorum but not in Lilium L.A. Fifty auxin-related genes were expressed in early senescent L. longiflorum tepals including 12 ARF-related genes. In Arabidopsis, several ARF genes are involved in the regulation of abscission. Expression of a homologous transcript to Arabidopsis ARF7/19 was 8-fold higher during senescence in L. longiflorum compared with abscising Lilium L.A., suggesting a conserved role for auxin-regulated abscission in monocotyledonous ethylene-insensitive flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Lombardi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Ghini 5, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laia Arrom
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Lorenzo Mariotti
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Ghini 5, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Battelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Mariscoglio 34, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Picciarelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Mariscoglio 34, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Peter Kille
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Tony Stead
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hilary J Rogers
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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16
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Hu G, Fan J, Xian Z, Huang W, Lin D, Li Z. Overexpression of SlREV alters the development of the flower pedicel abscission zone and fruit formation in tomato. Plant Sci 2014; 229:86-95. [PMID: 25443836 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Versatile roles of REVOLUTA (REV), a Class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP III) transcription factor, have been depicted mainly in Arabidopsis and Populus. In this study, we investigated the functions of its tomato homolog, namely SlREV. Overexpression of a microRNA166-resistant version of SlREV (35S::REV(Ris)) not only resulted in vegetative abnormalities such as curly leaves and fasciated stems, but also caused dramatic reproductive alterations including continuous production of flowers at the pedicel abscission zone (AZ) and ectopic fruit formation on receptacles. Microscopic analysis showed that meristem-like structures continuously emerged from the exodermises of the pedicel AZs and that ectopic carpels formed between the first and second whorl of floral buds in 35S::REV(Ris) plants. Transcriptional data suggest that SlREV may regulate genes related to meristem maintenance and cell differentiation in the development of the flower pedicel abscission zone, and modulate genes in homeodomain and MADS-box families and hormone pathways during fruit formation. Altogether, these results reveal novel roles of SlREV in tomato flower development and fruit formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojian Hu
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xian
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Dongbo Lin
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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17
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Dwivedi KK, Roche DJ, Clemente TE, Ge Z, Carman JG. The OCL3 promoter from Sorghum bicolor directs gene expression to abscission and nutrient-transfer zones at the bases of floral organs. Ann Bot 2014; 114:489-98. [PMID: 25081518 PMCID: PMC4204675 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS During seed fill in cereals, nutrients are symplasmically unloaded to vascular parenchyma in ovules, but thereafter nutrient transport is less certain. In Zea mays, two mechanisms of nutrient passage through the chalaza and nucellus have been hypothesized, apoplasmic and symplasmic. In a recent study, nutrients first passed non-selectively to the chalazal apoplasm and were then selectively absorbed by the nucellus before being released to the endosperm apoplasm. This study reports that the promoter of OUTER CELL LAYER3 (PSbOCL3) from Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) directs gene expression to chalazal cells where the apoplasmic barrier is thought to form. The aims were to elucidate PSbOCL3 expression patterns in sorghum and relate them to processes of nutrient pathway development in kernels and to recognized functions of the homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) IV transcription factor family to which the promoter belongs. METHODS PSbOCL3 was cloned and transformed into sorghum as a promoter-GUS (β-glucuronidase) construct. Plant tissues from control and transformed plants were then stained for GUS, and kernels were cleared and characterized using differential interference contrast microscopy. KEY RESULTS A symplasmic disconnect between the chalaza and nucellus during seed fill is inferred by the combination of two phenomena: differentiation of a distinct nucellar epidermis adjacent to the chalaza, and lysis of GUS-stained chalazal cells immediately proximal to the nucellar epidermis. Compression of the GUS-stained chalazal cells during kernel maturation produced the kernel abscission zone (closing layer). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the HD-Zip IV transcription factor SbOCL3 regulates kernel nutrition and abscission. The latter is consistent with evidence that members of this transcription factor group regulate silique abscission and dehiscence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Collectively, the findings suggest that processes of floral organ abscission are conserved among angiosperms and may in some respects differ from processes of leaf abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K Dwivedi
- Caisson Laboratories, Inc., 1740 Research Park Way, North Logan, UT 84341, USA Crop Improvement Division, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi (UP) 284003, India Plants, Soils and Climate Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4820, USA
| | - Dominique J Roche
- Caisson Laboratories, Inc., 1740 Research Park Way, North Logan, UT 84341, USA PhytoGen Seed Co. LLC, Western Research Station, 850 Plymouth Avenue, Corcoran, CA 93212, USA
| | - Tom E Clemente
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Zhengxiang Ge
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - John G Carman
- Caisson Laboratories, Inc., 1740 Research Park Way, North Logan, UT 84341, USA Plants, Soils and Climate Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4820, USA
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