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Wang XC, Wang T, Liu RH, Jiang Y, Chen DD, Wang XY, Kong QX. Child with adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency caused by a novel complex heterozygous mutation in the ADSL gene: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:11082-11089. [PMID: 36338215 PMCID: PMC9631162 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i30.11082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) deficiency is a rare autosomal-recessive defect of purine metabolism caused by mutation of the ADSL gene. It can cause severe neurological impairment and diverse clinical manifestations, including epilepsy.
CASE SUMMARY Here, we describe a 3-year-old Chinese boy who had both psychomotor retardation and refractory epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed myelin hypoplasia. Electroencephalography findings supported a diagnosis of epilepsy. Whole-exon sequencing revealed the presence of a novel complex heterozygous mutation in the ADSL gene: The splicing mutation c.154-3C>G and the missense mutation c.71C>T (p. Pro24Leu). Considering the patient’s clinical presentation and genetic test results, the complex heterozygous mutation was predicted to prevent both ADSL alleles from producing normal ADSL, which may have led to ADSL deficiency. Finally, the child was diagnosed with ADSL deficiency.
CONCLUSION We identified a novel complex heterozygous mutation in the ADSL gene associated with ADSL deficiency, thus expanding the known spectrum of pathogenic mutations that cause ADSL deficiency. Additionally, we describe epilepsy that occurs in patients with ADSL deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Chen Wang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rui-Han Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
- College of TCM, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing-Xia Kong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
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Abstract
Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency is a rare inherited disorder of purine metabolism causing severe neurological impairment ranging from early-onset neonatal epileptic encephalopathy to progressive psychomotor retardation and autism in later life. Diagnostic workup involves the measurement of toxic succinyl purines in body fluids and gene sequencing. The authors describe a 13-mo-old girl with compound heterozygous variants in the ADSL gene, presenting as early-onset seizures, severe neurological impairment, development delay, and hypotonia. Neuroimaging revealed cerebral atrophy, delayed myelination and diffusion restriction in bilateral basal ganglia, thalamus and periventricular white matter. The present case highlights ADSL deficiency as a rare cause of metabolic epilepsy that needs timely recognition and prevention of unnecessary investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Banerjee
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Bhatia
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gunjan Didwal
- Pediatric Biochemistry Division, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Singh
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arushi Gahlot Saini
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Mastrogiorgio G, Macchiaiolo M, Buonuomo PS, Bellacchio E, Bordi M, Vecchio D, Brown KP, Watson NK, Contardi B, Cecconi F, Tartaglia M, Bartuli A. Clinical and molecular characterization of patients with adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:112. [PMID: 33648541 PMCID: PMC7919308 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency (ADSLD) is an ultrarare neurometabolic recessive disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ADSL gene. The disease is characterized by wide clinical variability. Here we provide an updated clinical profiling of the disorder and discuss genotype–phenotype correlations.
Results Data were collected through "Our Journey with ADSL deficiency Association" by using a dedicated web survey filled-in by parents.
Clinical and molecular data were collected from 18 patients (12 males, median age 10.9 years ± 7.3), from 13 unrelated families. The age at onset ranged from birth to the first three years (median age 0.63 years ± 0.84 SD), and age at diagnosis varied from 2 months to 17 years, (median age 6.4 years ± 6.1 SD). The first sign was a psychomotor delay in 8/18 patients, epilepsy in 3/18, psychomotor delay and epilepsy in 3/18, and apneas, hypotonia, nystagmus in single cases. One patient (sibling of a previously diagnosed child) had a presymptomatic diagnosis. The diagnosis was made by exome sequencing in 7/18 patients. All patients were definitively diagnosed with ADSL deficiency based on pathogenic variants and/or biochemical assessment. One patient had a fatal neonatal form of ADSL deficiency, seven showed features fitting type I, and nine were characterized by a milder condition (type II), with two showing a very mild phenotype. Eighteen different variants were distributed along the entire ADSL coding sequence and were predicted to have a variable structural impact by impairing proper homotetramerization or catalytic activity of the enzyme. Six variants had not previously been reported. All but two variants were missense. Conclusions The study adds more details on the spectrum of ADSLD patients’ phenotypes and molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerarda Mastrogiorgio
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio, 4, 00165, Rome, Italy. .,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marina Macchiaiolo
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio, 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Sabrina Buonuomo
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio, 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Bordi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Vecchio
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio, 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Kari Payne Brown
- Parents of patients affected by Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency, Patient's Association "Our Journey with ADSL deficiency", Rome, Italy
| | - Natalie Karen Watson
- Parents of patients affected by Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency, Patient's Association "Our Journey with ADSL deficiency", Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Contardi
- Parents of patients affected by Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency, Patient's Association "Our Journey with ADSL deficiency", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Onco-Haematology and Cellular and Gene Therapy Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio, 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Andelman-Gur MM, Saitsu H, Matsumoto N, Spiegel R, Yosovich K, Lev D, Lerman-Sagie T, Blumkin L. Myoclonic tremor status as a presenting symptom of adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104061. [PMID: 32890691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of purine metabolism. The disorder manifests with developmental delay, postnatal microcephaly, hypotonia, involuntary movements, epileptic seizures, ataxia and autistic features. Paroxysmal non-epileptic motor events are not a typical presentation of the disease. We describe an 8-year-old boy who presented with an infantile onset of prolonged episodes of multifocal sustained myoclonic tremor lasting from minutes to days on a background of global developmental delay and gait ataxia. Ictal EEG during these episodes was normal. Ictal surface EMG of the involved upper limb showed a muscular activation pattern consistent with cortical myoclonus. Brain MRI showed mild cerebral atrophy. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous variant in the ADSL gene: c.1027G > A; p. Glu343Lys, inherited from each heterozygous parent. There was a marked elevation of urine succinyladenosine, confirming the diagnosis of adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency. In conclusion, myoclonic tremor status expands the spectrum of movement disorders seen in adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency.
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Macchiaiolo M, Buonuomo PS, Mastrogiorgio G, Bordi M, Testa B, Weber G, Bellacchio E, Tartaglia M, Cecconi F, Bartuli A. Very mild isolated intellectual disability caused by adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency: a new phenotype. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 23:100592. [PMID: 32405461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency is a rare neurometabolic recessive disorder of purine metabolism characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations. We present a very mild phenotype of two siblings characterized by mild isolated cognitive disability, in absence of brain anomalies, seizures, EEG anomalies and without progression of disease. The two patients had unsuccessfully been investigated until clinical exome was performed. In both siblings, compound heterozygosity for two inherited missense variants in ADSL gene, c.76A>T (p.Met26Leu) and c.1187G>A (p.Arg396His), were detected. Analysis of the catabolic pathway of autophagy on EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell derived from the male patient excluded the presence of any autophagy alterations at the basal level. Further studies are necessary to understand the pathogenesis of the disease and to elucidate the potential role of autophagy in the development of ADSL deficiency.
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Kayfan S, Yazdani RM, Castillo S, Wong K, Miller JH, Pfeifer CM. MRI findings of hypomyelination in adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency. Radiol Case Rep 2018; 14:255-259. [PMID: 30510607 PMCID: PMC6260459 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency is a rare genetic disorder with few reported cases in the United States. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in the brain include hypomyelination and low generalized parenchymal volume. Presented here is a case in a 3-month-old male who presented with hypotonia and seizures and was subsequently diagnosed with adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency. Given the rarity of this diagnosis, findings demonstrated in this case may prompt ordering physicians to broaden their approach to genetic testing in the setting of hypomyelination. Comparison is also made to more common hypomyelinating leukodystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Kayfan
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rana M Yazdani
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Samantha Castillo
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kevin Wong
- Department of Medical Imaging, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Miller
- Department of Medical Imaging, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Cory M Pfeifer
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Macchiaiolo M, Barresi S, Cecconi F, Zanni G, Niceta M, Bellacchio E, Lazzarino G, Amorini AM, Bertini ES, Rizza S, Contardi B, Tartaglia M, Bartuli A. A mild form of adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency in absence of typical brain MRI features diagnosed by whole exome sequencing. Ital J Pediatr 2017; 43:65. [PMID: 28768552 PMCID: PMC5541734 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-017-0383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) deficiency is a defect of purine metabolism affecting purinosome assembly and reducing metabolite fluxes through purine de novo synthesis and purine nucleotide recycling pathways. The disorder shows a wide spectrum of symptoms from slowly to rapidly progressing forms. The most severe form is characterized by neonatal encephalopathy, absence of spontaneous movement, respiratory failure, intractable seizures, and early death within the first weeks of life. More commonly, ADSL presents purely neurologic clinical picture characterized by severe psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, early onset of seizures, and autistic features (type I) or a more slowly progressing form with later onset, and major features including slight to moderate psychomotor retardation, and transient contact disturbances (type II). Diagnostic markers are the presence of succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide riboside (SAICAr) and succinyladenosine (SAdo) in extracellular fluids. ADSL is a rare disorder, although its prevalence remains unknown. Of note, the wide range of essentially nonspecific manifestations and lack of awareness of the condition often prevent diagnosis. Case presentation We present here the case of particularly mild, late onset ADSL that has been unsuccessfully investigated until whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed. Conclusions Besides emphasizing the valuable diagnostic value of WES, this report provides new data further documenting the relatively wide clinical manifestation of ADSL. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13052-017-0383-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Macchiaiolo
- Genetics and Rare Diseases, Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00164, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases, Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00164, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Unit of Cell Stress and Survival Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases, Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00164, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases, Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00164, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases, Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00164, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Amorini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Silvio Bertini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases, Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00164, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rizza
- Unit of Cell Stress and Survival Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benedetta Contardi
- Pharmacist Mother of a Patient affected by Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases, Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00164, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bartuli
- Genetics and Rare Diseases, Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00164, Rome, Italy
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Baresova V, Krijt M, Skopova V, Souckova O, Kmoch S, Zikanova M. CRISPR-Cas9 induced mutations along de novo purine synthesis in HeLa cells result in accumulation of individual enzyme substrates and affect purinosome formation. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 119:270-277. [PMID: 27590927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purines are essential molecules for nucleic acid synthesis and are the most common carriers of chemical energy in all living organisms. The cellular pool of purines is maintained by the balance between their de novo synthesis (DNPS), recycling and degradation. DNPS includes ten reactions catalysed by six enzymes. To date, two genetically determined disorders of DNPS enzymes have been described, and the existence of other defects manifested by neurological symptoms and the accumulation of DNPS intermediates in bodily fluids is highly presumable. In the current study, we prepared specific recombinant DNPS enzymes and used them for the biochemical preparation of their commercially unavailable substrates. These compounds were used as standards for the development and validation of quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). To simulate manifestations of known and putative defects of DNPS we prepared CRISPR-Cas9 genome-edited HeLa cells deficient for the individual steps of DNPS (CR-cells), assessed the substrates accumulation in cell lysates and growth media and tested how the mutations affect assembly of the purinosome, the multi-enzyme complex of DNPS enzymes. In all model cell lines with the exception of one, an accumulation of the substrate(s) for the knocked out enzyme was identified. The ability to form the purinosome was reduced. We conclude that LC-MS/MS analysis of the dephosphorylated substrates of DNPS enzymes in bodily fluids is applicable in the selective screening of the known and putative DNPS disorders. This approach should be considered in affected individuals with neurological and neuromuscular manifestations of unknown aetiology. Prepared in vitro human model systems can serve in various studies that aim to provide a better characterization and understanding of physiology and pathology of DNPS, to study the role of each DNPS protein in the purinosome formation and represent an interesting way for the screening of potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Baresova
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Matyas Krijt
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclava Skopova
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Souckova
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kmoch
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Zikanova
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
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Zikanova M, Krijt J, Skopova V, Krijt M, Baresova V, Kmoch S. Screening for adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency using tandem mass spectrometry analysis of succinylpurines in neonatal dried blood spots. Clin Biochem 2014; 48:2-7. [PMID: 25445730 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stable isotope dilution coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is the sensitive method for screening for various inherited metabolic disorders using dried blood spots (DBSs). We present a method for LC-MS/MS determination of succinyladenosine (SAdo) and succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide riboside (SAICAr), biomarkers for adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency (dADSL), in DBS. DESIGN AND METHODS SAICAr and SAdo were separated on a Symmetry-C18 column and detected using positive electrospray ionisation in selected reaction monitoring mode. The quantification was performed using the isotopically labelled internal standards SAdo-(13)C4 and SAICAr-(13)C4, which were prepared via ADSL-catalysed reactions of fumarate-(13)C4 with adenosine monophosphate and aminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide, respectively, and subsequent alkaline phosphatase-catalysed dephosphorylation of the resulting products. RESULTS The detection of SAICAr and SAdo in DBS was linear over the range of 0-25μmol/L. The respective intra-assay and inter-assay imprecision values were less than 10.7% and 15.2% for SAICAr and 4.7% and 5.7% for SAdo. The recoveries from DBS spiked with different concentrations of SAICAr and SAdo were between 94% and 117%. The concentrations of SAICAr and SAdo were higher in the archived DBS from dADSL patients (SAICAr, 0.03-4.7μmol/L; SAdo, 1.5-21.3μmol/L; n=5) compared to those of the control subjects (SAICAr, 0-0.026μmol/L; SAdo, 0.06-0.14μmol/L; n=31), even after DBSs from dADSL patients were stored for 2-23years. CONCLUSIONS We developed and validated a method of succinylpurine analysis in DBS that improves selective screening for dADSL in the paediatric population and may be used for retrospective diagnosis to aid the genetic counselling of affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Zikanova
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Krijt
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Vaclava Skopova
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Matyas Krijt
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Baresova
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Stanislav Kmoch
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
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Krijt J, Skopova V, Adamkova V, Cermakova R, Jurecka A, Kmoch S, Zikanova M. The need for vigilance: false-negative screening for adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency caused by deribosylation of urinary biomarkers. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1899-901. [PMID: 24183879 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency (dADSL) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder. Biochemical diagnosis of the disease is based on the determination of enormously elevated urinary levels of succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide riboside (SAICA-riboside) and succinyladenosine (SAdo). We report a case of false negative screening for dADSL caused by deribosylation of the urinary biomarkers SAICA-riboside and SAdo. DESIGN AND METHODS A thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method with Pauly reagent detection of SAICA-riboside was used as a screening method. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) and LC-MS/MS methods were used for the identification and quantitative determination of SAICA-riboside, SAdo, succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide (SAICA) and succinyladenine (SA). RESULTS Following a negative TLC screening in a known case of dADSL, we analyzed urine using HPLC-DAD. The concentration of SAICA-riboside was 2.7mmol/mol creatinine (below the TLC detection limit), and we detected the two abnormal metabolites identified by LC-MS/MS as SAICA and SA. We showed that SAICA and SA were produced by deribosylation of SAICA-riboside and SAdo in the patient's urine. Studies performed by monitoring the production of SAICA and SA after the addition of SAICA-riboside and SAdo to the patient's urine and to urine samples from patients with urinary tract infections suggested that deribosylation is facilitated by bacterial enzymes. CONCLUSIONS Screening methods for the diagnosis of dADSL may be falsely negative due to bacteria-mediated deribosylation of SAICA-riboside and SAdo. HPLC-DAD or LC-MS/MS analyses allowing for simultaneous detection of SAICA-riboside, SAdo and their deribosylation products SAICA and SA should be preferentially used for the diagnosis of dADSL in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Krijt
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
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