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Xie P, Zheng H, Chen H, Wei K, Pan X, Xu Q, Wang Y, Tang C, Gevaert O, Meng X. Tumor response as defined by iRECIST in gastrointestinal malignancies treated with PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors and correlation with survival. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1246. [PMID: 34798858 PMCID: PMC8605503 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical tumor response patterns during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy pose a challenge to clinicians and investigators in immuno-oncology practice. This study evaluated tumor burden dynamics to identify imaging biomarkers for treatment response and overall survival (OS) in advanced gastrointestinal malignancies treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. METHODS This retrospective study enrolled a total of 198 target lesions in 75 patients with advanced gastrointestinal malignancies treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors between January 2017 and March 2021. Tumor diameter changes as defined by immunotherapy Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (iRECIST) were studied to determine treatment response and association with OS. RESULTS Based on the best overall response, the tumor diameter ranged from - 100 to + 135.3% (median: - 9.6%). The overall response rate was 32.0% (24/75), and the rate of durable disease control for at least 6 months was 30.7% (23/75, one (iCR, immune complete response) or 20 iPR (immune partial response), or 2iSD (immune stable disease). Using univariate analysis, patients with a tumor diameter maintaining a < 20% increase (48/75, 64.0%) from baseline had longer OS than those with ≥20% increase (27/75, 36.0%) and, a reduced risk of death (median OS: 80 months vs. 48 months, HR = 0.22, P = 0.034). The differences in age (HR = 1.09, P = 0.01), combined surgery (HR = 0.15, P = 0.01) and cancer type (HR = 0.23, P = 0.001) were significant. In multivariable analysis, patients with a tumor diameter with a < 20% increase had notably reduced hazards of death (HR = 0.15, P = 0.01) after adjusting for age, combined surgery, KRAS status, cancer type, mismatch repair (MMR) status, treatment course and cancer differentiation. Two patients (2.7%) showed pseudoprogression. CONCLUSIONS Tumor diameter with a < 20% increase from baseline during therapy in gastrointestinal malignancies was associated with therapeutic benefit and longer OS and may serve as a practical imaging marker for treatment response, clinical outcome and treatment decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Xie
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.26 Yuancunerheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.26 Yuancunerheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaikai Wei
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.26 Yuancunerheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Ximin Pan
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.26 Yuancunerheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinmei Xu
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, No.305, Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yongchen Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.26 Yuancunerheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Changguan Tang
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.26 Yuancunerheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Xiaochun Meng
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.26 Yuancunerheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.
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