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Wang K, Zhang Y, Xing Y, Wang H, He M, Guo R. Current and future of immunotherapy for thyroid cancer based on bibliometrics and clinical trials. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:50. [PMID: 38403820 PMCID: PMC10894806 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is a leading endocrine malignancy, with anaplastic and medullary subtypes posing treatment challenges. Existing therapies have limited efficacy, highlighting a need for innovative approaches. METHODS We analyzed 658 articles and 87 eligible clinical trials using bibliometric tools and database searches, including annual publication and citation trends, were executed using Web of Science, CiteSpace, and VOS Viewer. RESULTS Post-2018, there is a surge in thyroid cancer immunotherapy research, primarily from China and the University of Pisa. Of the 87 trials, 32 were Phase I and 55 were Phase II, mostly exploring combination therapies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors. CONCLUSION The study's dual approach verifies the swift advancement of thyroid cancer immunotherapy from diverse perspectives. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become the preferred regimen for advanced MTC and ATC in late therapeutic lines. However, since ICB plays a pivotal role in ATC, current clinical trial data show that ATC patients account for more and the curative effect is more accurate. Anticipated future developments are inclined toward combination regimens integrating immunotherapy with chemotherapy or targeted therapies. Emerging approaches, such as bispecific antibodies, cytokine-based therapies, and adoptive cell therapies like CAR-T and TCR-T, are exhibiting considerable potential. Upcoming research is expected to concentrate on refining the tumor immune milieu and discovering novel biomarkers germane to immunotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Str, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Yang Xing
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Minghua He
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Str, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Deng J, Cheng Y, Li H, He X, Yu S, Ma J, Li X, Chen J, Xiao H, Guan H, Li Y. PFKFB3 facilitates cell proliferation and migration in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma via the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03725-3. [PMID: 38378893 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the involvement of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase3 (PFKFB3) in the proliferation and metastasis of diverse tumor types, its biological functions and related molecular mechanisms in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) remain largely unclear. METHODS Datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus, the Cancer Genome Atlas and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were employed to measure the expression level of PFKFB3 in ATC. A series of assays were performed to analyze the role of PFKFB3 and its inhibitor KAN0438757 in ATC cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, Western blotting (WB), IHC and luciferase reporter assay were conducted to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of PFKFB3 and KAN0438757 in ATC. Additionally, we established a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model in nude mice to evaluate the in vivo tumor growth. RESULTS PFKFB3 exhibited a significant increase in its expression level in ATC tissues. The overexpression of PFKFB3 resulted in the stimulation of ATC cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, this overexpression was associated with the elevated expression levels of p-AKT (ser473), p-GSK3α/β (ser21/9), nuclear β-catenin, fibronectin1 (FN1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and cyclin D1. It also promoted the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and the transcription of downstream molecules. Conversely, contrasting results were observed with the downregulation or KAN0438757-mediated inhibition of PFKFB3 in ATC cells. The selective AKT inhibitor MK2206 was noted to reverse the increased expression of p-AKT (ser473) and p-GSK3α/β (ser21/9) induced by PFKFB3 overexpression. The level of lactate was increased in PFKFB3-overexpressing ATC cells, while the presence of KAN0438757 inhibited lactate production. Moreover, the simultaneous use of PFKFB3 downregulation and KAN0438757 was found to suppress subcutaneous tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION PFKFB3 can enhance ATC cell proliferation and migration via the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway and plays a crucial role in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis in ATC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Deng
- Internal Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanglei Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoying He
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuhui Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Wang MH, Ye Y, Zhang M, Zhou BR, Wang JN, Song YN, Xia W. Exosome-mediated delivery of SCD-1 siRNA promoted the death of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells via regulating ROS level. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:288-296. [PMID: 34287816 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive cancers in the world. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) is one of major enzymes in the de novo synthesis of fatty acids and is related to cancer aggressiveness and poor patient prognosis. The study aimed to construct exosomes loaded SCD-1 interference, investigate its effects and mechanisms on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of ATC cells. METHODS The expressions of SCD-1 in normal thyroid cell line and ATC cell lines were determined by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Exosomes were prepared and purification then loaded with SCD-1 siRNA by electroporation and observed by transmission electron microscopy. Higher SCD-1 mRNA and protein levels were found in ATC cell lines compared than normal thyroid cell line (P < 0.05), and both Hth-7 and FRO cells could uptake PKH67-labeled exosomes. The effects of exosomes loaded SCD-1 siRNA on ATC cells were measured by CCK8 assay and apoptosis detection kit. RESULTS When compared with control group, the cell viability significantly decreased in both two ATC cell lines taken up exosomes loaded SCD-1 siRNA (P < 0.001), and apoptotic and necrotic cells obviously increased (P < 0.05). In order to explore the mechanism of exosomes loaded SCD-1 on ATC, the ROS level was detected by fluorescence reagent. It was found that exosomes loaded SCD-1 siRNA significantly increased intracellular ROS level of ATC cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Exosomes loaded SCD-1 siRNA inhibited ATC cellular proliferation and promoted cellular apoptosis, and the mechanisms involved maybe the regulation of fatty acids metabolism and ROS level. Our study provides a promising therapeutic strategy for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Ye
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - M Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - B R Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - J N Wang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Y N Song
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - W Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China.
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Yamazaki H, Iwasaki H, Suganuma N, Toda S, Masudo K, Nakayama H, Rino Y, Masuda M. Inflammatory biomarkers and dynamics of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in lenvatinib treatment for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Gland Surg 2021; 10:852-860. [PMID: 33842230 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammatory biomarkers have been reported to be associated with anticancer drug efficacy in various cancers. This study aimed to investigate the associations between baseline inflammatory biomarkers or dynamics of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and treatment outcomes of lenvatinib in ATC. Methods Twenty ATC patients whose complete blood count were available were included in this study. Patients characteristics, overall survival (OS), and the associations between baseline inflammatory biomarkers or dynamics of NLR and treatment outcomes of lenvatinib were investigated. Results All 20 patients had a median baseline NLR of 4.5 (range, 1.4-19.7), a median platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) of 169.9 (range, 66.8-671.1), and a median lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) of 2.6 (range, 0.5-5.5). The median OS was 4.2 (95% CI: 1.1-10.3) months in patients with baseline NLR ≤4.5 and 3.1 (95% CI: 1.1-8.3) months in patients with baseline NLR >4.5 (P=0.681). The median OS was 4.2 (95% CI: 1.1-7.8) months in patients with baseline PLR ≤169.9 and 3.9 (95% CI: 0.6-8.3) months in patients with baseline PLR >169.9 (P=0.822). The median OS was 3.7 (95% CI: 1.1-9.8) months in patients with baseline LMR ≤2.6 and 4.2 (95% CI: 0.6-5.4) months in patients with baseline LMR >2.6 (P=0.421). NLR was increased more than the standard deviation of the baseline NLR after lenvatinib initiation in two of 16 patients with follow-up NLR data available. The median OS was 2.0 (95% CI: 1.1- not estimable) months in the increased group but was 5.3 (95% CI: 3.1-9.8) months in the non-increased group (P=0.003). Conclusions There was seemed to be no association between prognosis or treatment efficacy of lenvatinib and baseline inflammatory biomarker values in our cases with ATC. However, we possibly estimate prognosis for ATC during lenvatinib treatment by observing the dynamics of NLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Yamazaki
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iwasaki
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Suganuma
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Soji Toda
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Masudo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nakayama
- Department of Surgery, Hiratsuka Kyosai Hospital, Oiwake, Hiratsuka City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasushi Rino
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Munetaka Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
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Song T, Chen L, Zhang H, Lu Y, Yu K, Zhan W, Fang M. Multimodal treatment based on thyroidectomy improves survival in patients with metastatic anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a SEER analysis from 1998 to 2015. Gland Surg 2020; 9:1205-1213. [PMID: 33224795 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate multimodal treatments consisting of surgery, radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) in metastatic anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) patients using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods Patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of ATC between 1998 and 2015 were included. The endpoint of this study was overall survival (OS). The prognostic significance in terms of OS was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results A total of 433 metastatic ATC patients were identified. The median OS was two months, with a 1-year OS rate of 6.9%. In the multivariate analysis, the factors significantly correlated with OS were age [<68 vs. ≥68 years old, P=0.032, hazard ratio (HR) =1.252], tumor size (<7 vs. ≥7 cm, P=0.004, HR =1.418; <7 cm vs. unknown, P=0.005, HR =1.424), surgery at the primary site (none/unknown vs. less than thyroidectomy, P<0.001, HR =0.623; none/unknown vs. thyroidectomy, P=0.001, HR =0.616), use of RT (P<0.001, HR =0.562) and use of CT (P<0.001, HR =0.621). In the subgroup analysis, the combination of thyroidectomy, RT and CT demonstrated the best OS outcome when compared with other therapeutic modalities. Conclusions Surgery, RT and CT were all strong prognostic factors for improved OS in metastatic ATC patients. In addition, treatment approaches consisting of thyroidectomy were beneficial compared with nonsurgical treatment. However, given the limited benefit of only a few months in the clinic, we suggest that thyroidectomy in combination with RT and CT should be delivered in selected patients with caution for better management of metastatic ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenming Zhan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Lai WA, Hang JF, Liu CY, Bai Y, Liu Z, Gu H, Hong S, Pyo JY, Jung CK, Kakudo K, Bychkov A. PAX8 expression in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is less than those reported in early studies: a multi-institutional study of 182 cases using the monoclonal antibody MRQ-50. Virchows Arch 2019; 476:431-437. [PMID: 31732814 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an aggressive malignant tumor composed of undifferentiated thyroid follicular cells. Pathological diagnosis of ATC can be challenging as the tumor may show morphological overlap with other neoplasms with anaplastic morphology. Immunohistochemical demonstration of thyroid origin facilitates the diagnosis of ATC. Previous studies using the polyclonal anti-PAX8 antibody 10336-1-AP suggested that PAX8 was the most sensitive marker, expressed in up to 80% of ATC. According to a 2018 NordiQC report, the monoclonal anti-PAX8 antibody MRQ-50 has become the most commonly used anti-PAX8 antibody worldwide. However, validation of this antibody in ATC is lacking. In this study, we recruited 182 ATC cases from seven institutions. Pathology slides were subjected to histology review. PAX8 immunohistochemistry using the MRQ-50 antibody was performed in whole tissue slides (n = 147) or tissue microarray sections (n = 35). We found PAX8 expression in 54.4% of the cases, which was significantly lower than those reported in prior studies with the polyclonal antibody. PAX8 expression was positively correlated with the presence of an epithelial pattern (63.6% vs 37.5%, p = 0.0008) and a coexisting differentiated thyroid carcinoma component (71.6% vs 44.3%, p = 0.0004), but was not associated with age, gender, specimen type, or presence of giant cell and sarcomatoid patterns. In conclusion, we demonstrated PAX8 expression using the monoclonal antibody MRQ-50 in only half of the cases in a large ATC series. Pathologists should be aware that PAX8 expression in ATC is less than those reported in early studies to avoid misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-An Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Room 5046, Medical Science & Technology Building 5F, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Fan Hang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Room 5046, Medical Science & Technology Building 5F, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yi Liu
- Division of Pathology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yanhua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Gu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - SoonWon Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Pyo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kennichi Kakudo
- Department of Pathology, Nara Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Andrey Bychkov
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Li T, Zhao N, Lu J, Zhu Q, Liu X, Hao F, Jiao X. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) suppresses epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells through blocking of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathways. Bioengineered 2019; 10:282-291. [PMID: 31311401 PMCID: PMC6650192 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1632669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 plays a crucial role in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in many cancer types and in thyroid cancers. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most important ingredient in the green tea, has been reported to possess antioxidant and anticancer activities. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms explaining its action have not been completely understood. In this study, we found that EGCG significantly suppresses EMT, invasion and migration in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) 8505C cells in vitro by regulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. EGCG significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced expression of EMT markers (E-cadherin reduction and vimentin induction) in 8505C cells in vitro. Treatment with EGCG completely blocked the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, translocation of Smad4. Taken together, these results suggest that EGCG suppresses EMT and invasion and migration by blocking TGFβ/Smad signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- a Department of Endocrinology , Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi , Yishui , Shandong , China
| | - Ning Zhao
- b Department of Thyroid Surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Jie Lu
- b Department of Thyroid Surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Qingli Zhu
- b Department of Thyroid Surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- c Department of Nuclear Medicine , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Fengyun Hao
- d Department of Pathology , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Xuelong Jiao
- e Department of General surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China
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Kim H, Park YW, Oh YH, Sim J, Ro JY, Pyo JY. Anaplastic Transformation of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Only Seen in Pleural Metastasis: A Case Report with Review of the Literature. Head Neck Pathol 2017; 11:162-7. [PMID: 27550513 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-016-0751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic transformation of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) at distant metastatic sites is extremely rare, and there have been fewer than 20 reported cases in the literature. A 61-year-old woman presented with 1-week history of dyspnea. Her past medical history was remarkable because, 19 years ago, she underwent nearly total thyroidectomy and radical neck dissection due to PTC. Computed tomography of the chest revealed a 1.7 cm nodule in the lung and diffuse pleural thickening. Gun biopsy of the lung nodule revealed metastatic PTC with typical histology. However, the pleural biopsy predominantly showed anaplastic pleomorphic and spindle sarcomatoid carcinoma with microscopic focus of PTC. Immunohistochemical results showed both anaplastic sarcomatoid and PTC components positive for TTF-1, galectin-3 and PAX-8, thus supporting anaplastic transformation of PTC at the metastatic site. Subsequently the patient received 1 cycle of cisplatin-based chemotherapy but died from the disease 4 months after diagnosis. Although it is rare, anaplastic transformation of PTC should be considered during differential diagnosis of patients who present with exclusive sarcomatoid morphology at metastatic sites and have a history of PTC. We report another case of anaplastic transformation of PTC, found at pleural metastasis, together with the immunohistochemical profile and a literature review.
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