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Mohr AE, Girard M, Rowe M, McGraw KJ, Sweazea KL. Varied effects of dietary carotenoid supplementation on oxidative damage in tissues of two waterfowl species. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 231:67-74. [PMID: 30794961 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are regarded as a cornerstone of avian vitality and coloration. Currently, the antioxidant potential of dietary carotenoids is debated for birds. Although some studies support a protective role, others report either no effect or pro-oxidant effects. However, the majority of research on this topic has not analyzed the oxidative status of a series of tissues in animals nor considered a range of carotenoid dosages. We investigated the effects of three levels of carotenoid supplementation on plasma, liver, adipose, heart and breast muscle oxidative damage in two congeneric species of waterfowl that exhibit marked differences in carotenoid coloration. After a 6-week depletion period, captive adult northern pintail (Anas acuta) and mallard (A. platyrhynchos) ducks of both sexes were fed either a carotenoid-depleted diet (<3 μg/g xanthophylls, lutein and zeaxanthin), a carotenoid-supplemented diet (50 μg/g) within physiological range, or a carotenoid-rich diet (100 μg/g) within pharmacological range for 22 to 32 weeks. We hypothesized that these dosages of dietary carotenoids would differentially affect oxidative damage between species and sexes and among the tissues examined. We found that dietary xanthophyll supplementation had no significant effect on tissue pro-oxidation in males and females from both species. Moreover, sex or species differences in oxidative stress were only observed in two tissues (plasma and heart). Significant correlations in the levels of oxidative damage were not observed among the tissues examined. In conclusion, the current study does not support a consistent antioxidant role for dietary carotenoids in the tissues of these two waterfowl species. Instead, our results align with the notion that carotenoids play complex, tissue- and species-specific roles in oxidative status in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Marc Girard
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Melissah Rowe
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, 0562 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin J McGraw
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Karen L Sweazea
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America.
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Costea M, Stefanović S, García MA, De La Cruz S, Casazza ML, Green AJ. Waterfowl endozoochory: An overlooked long-distance dispersal mode for Cuscuta (dodder). Am J Bot 2016; 103:957-962. [PMID: 27208362 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Dispersal of parasitic Cuscuta species (dodders) worldwide has been assumed to be largely anthropomorphic because their seeds do not match any previously known dispersal syndrome and no natural dispersal vectors have been reliably documented. However, the genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution and recent phylogeographic results have indicated that at least18 historical cases of long-distance dispersal (LDD) have occurred during its evolution. The objective of this study is to report the first LDD biological vector for Cuscuta seeds. METHODS Twelve northern pintails (Anas acuta) were collected from Suisun Marsh, California and the contents of their lowest part of the large intestine (rectum) were extracted and analyzed. Seed identification was done both morphologically and using a molecular approach. Extracted seeds were tested for germination and compared to seeds not subjected to gut passage to determine the extent of structural changes caused to the seed coat by passing through the digestive tract. KEY RESULTS Four hundred and twenty dodder seeds were found in the rectum of four northern pintails. From these, 411 seeds were identified as Cuscuta campestris and nine as most likely C. pacifica. The germination rate of C. campestris seeds after gut passage was 55%. Structural changes caused by the gut passage in both species were similar to those caused by an acid scarification. CONCLUSIONS Endozoochory by waterbirds may explain the historical LDD cases in the evolution of Cuscuta. This also suggests that current border quarantine measures may be insufficient to stopping spreading of dodder pests along migratory flyways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Costea
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Saša Stefanović
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Miguel A García
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Susan De La Cruz
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station, 505 Azuar Drive, Vallejo, California 94592 .SA
| | - Michael L Casazza
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, 800 Business Park Drive, Dixon, California 95620 .SA
| | - Andy J Green
- Wetland Ecology Department, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla 41092 Spain
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Ramey AM, Reeves AB, Sonsthagen SA, TeSlaa JL, Nashold S, Donnelly T, Casler B, Hall JS. Dispersal of H9N2 influenza A viruses between East Asia and North America by wild birds. Virology 2015; 482:79-83. [PMID: 25827532 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Samples were collected from wild birds in western Alaska to assess dispersal of influenza A viruses between East Asia and North America. Two isolates shared nearly identical nucleotide identity at eight genomic segments with H9N2 viruses isolated from China and South Korea providing evidence for intercontinental dispersal by migratory birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Ramey
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, USA.
| | - Andrew B Reeves
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Sarah A Sonsthagen
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Joshua L TeSlaa
- US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean Nashold
- US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tyrone Donnelly
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Bruce Casler
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Izembek National Wildlife Refuge, P. O. Box 127, Cold Bay, AK, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Hall
- US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI, USA
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Ramey AM, Schmutz JA, Reed JA, Fujita G, Scotton BD, Casler B, Fleskes JP, Konishi K, Uchida K, Yabsley MJ. Evidence for intercontinental parasite exchange through molecular detection and characterization of haematozoa in northern pintails ( Anas acuta) sampled throughout the North Pacific Basin. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2014; 4:11-21. [PMID: 25830100 PMCID: PMC4356736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Northern pintails were sampled in Asia and North America and screened for haematozoa. Three parasite genera were detected among 878 samples (apparent prevalence 5–63%). Thirty-one unique parasite lineages were identified through genetic sequencing. Identical parasite lineages were identified on two continents. Results provide evidence for intercontinental genetic exchange of blood parasites.
Empirical evidence supports wild birds as playing a role in the interhemispheric exchange of bacteria and viruses; however, data supporting the redistribution of parasites among continents are limited. In this study, the hypothesis that migratory birds contribute to the redistribution of parasites between continents was tested by sampling northern pintails (Anas acuta) at locations throughout the North Pacific Basin in North America and East Asia for haemosporidian infections and assessing the genetic evidence for parasite exchange. Of 878 samples collected from birds in Alaska (USA), California (USA), and Hokkaido (Japan) during August 2011–May 2012 and screened for parasitic infections using molecular techniques, Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, and Plasmodium parasites were detected in 555 (63%), 44 (5%), and 52 (6%) samples, respectively. Using an occupancy modeling approach, the probability of detecting parasites via replicate genetic tests was estimated to be high (ρ > 0.95). Multi-model inference supported variation of Leucocytozoon parasite prevalence by northern pintail age class and geographic location of sampling in contrast to Haemoproteus and Plasmodium parasites for which there was only support for variation in parasite prevalence by sampling location. Thirty-one unique mitochondrial DNA haplotypes were detected among haematozoa infecting northern pintails including seven lineages shared between samples from North America and Japan. The finding of identical parasite haplotypes at widely distributed geographic locations and general lack of genetic structuring by continent in phylogenies for Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium provides evidence for intercontinental genetic exchange of haemosporidian parasites. Results suggest that migratory birds, including waterfowl, could therefore facilitate the introduction of avian malaria and other haemosporidia to novel hosts and spatially distant regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Ramey
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA ; Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Joel A Schmutz
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - John A Reed
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - Go Fujita
- Laboratory of Biodiversity Science, University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Bradley D Scotton
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Koyukuk-Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge, P.O. Box 287, Galena, Alaska 99641, USA
| | - Bruce Casler
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Izembek National Wildlife Refuge, P.O. Box 127, Cold Bay, Alaska 99571, USA
| | - Joseph P Fleskes
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, 800 Business Park Drive, Suite D, Dixon, California 95620, USA
| | - Kan Konishi
- Kutcharo Lake Waterfowl Observatory, Hamatombetsu, Esashi, Hokkaido 098-5739, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Uchida
- Institute of Satoyama Natural History, Midori 1-11-11, Abiko City, Chiba 270-1153, Japan
| | - Michael J Yabsley
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA ; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, 180 East Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Abstract
The Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) is a common large duck with widely geographic distribution. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of A. acuta (16,599 bp in length) was been analyzed for building the database. Similar to the typical mtDNA of vertebrates, it contained 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes and 22 tRNA genes) and a non-coding region (D-loop). All the genes in A. acuta were distributed on the H-strand, except for the ND6 subunit gene and 10 tRNA genes which were encoded on the L-strand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangheng Yan
- School of Life Science, Anhui University , Hefei, Anhui , People's Republic of China
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Ramey AM, Fleskes JP, Schmutz JA, Yabsley MJ. Evaluation of blood and muscle tissues for molecular detection and characterization of hematozoa infections in northern pintails ( Anas acuta) wintering in California. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2013; 2:102-9. [PMID: 24533322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Information on the molecular detection of hematozoa from different tissue types and multiple years would be useful to inform sample collection efforts and interpret results of meta-analyses or investigations spanning multiple seasons. In this study, we tested blood and muscle tissue collected from northern pintails (Anas acuta) during autumn and winter of different years to evaluate prevalence and genetic diversity of Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, and Plasmodium infections in this abundant waterfowl species of the Central Valley of California. We first compared results for paired blood and wing muscle samples to assess the utility of different tissue types for molecular investigations of haemosporidian parasites. Second, we explored inter-annual variability of hematozoa infection in Central Valley northern pintails and investigated possible effects of age, sex, and sub-region of sample collection on estimated parasite detection probability and prevalence. We found limited evidence for differences between tissue types in detection probability and prevalence of Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, and Plasmodium parasites, which supports the utility of both sample types for obtaining information on hematozoan infections. However, we detected 11 haemosporidian mtDNA cyt b haplotypes in blood samples vs. six in wing muscle tissue collected during the same sample year suggesting an advantage to using blood samples for investigations of genetic diversity. Estimated prevalence of Leucocytozoon parasites was greater during 2006-2007 as compared to 2011-2012 and four unique haemosporidian mtDNA cyt b haplotypes were detected in the former sample year but not in the latter. Seven of 15 mtDNA cyt b haplotypes detected in northern pintails had 100% identity with previously reported hematozoa lineages detected in waterfowl (Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon) or other avian taxa (Plasmodium) providing support for lack of host specificity for some parasite lineages.
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