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Alexander SM, Pogson KB, Friedman VE, Corley JL, Hipolito Canario DA, Johnson CS. Ultrasound as a Learning Tool in Bachelor-Level Anatomy Education. Med Sci Educ 2021. [PMID: 33262901 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-020-01170-1/figures/2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) has become an increasingly common diagnostic tool in the clinical environment. As a result, it is being used earlier for medical students in Undergraduate Medical Education (UME) as a learning tool for the basic sciences including gross anatomy. There is little literature, however, to support its utility for basic science education in students currently seeking a bachelor's degree. This study consisted of fourteen currently enrolled bachelor students with previous instruction in human anatomy and physiology. Students participated in an ultrasound didactic and an interactive ultrasound experience with volunteers. Before and after this session, students were asked to complete an assessment measuring their spatial understanding of the human anatomy and their ability to locate structures using ultrasound. Wilcoxon's signed-rank tests comparing assessment scores showed significant improvement on both portions of the assessment. Based on this improvement, we suggest that ultrasound is a valid educational tool which can be used at the bachelor-level to effectively enhance students' learning of anatomy and provide hands on experience with modern technology. Further research with larger samples will be necessary to determine whether it would supplement or replace more traditional teaching modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Alexander
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 USA
- UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Bondurant Hall, CB 9535, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 USA
| | - Kaylyn B Pogson
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 USA
- UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Bondurant Hall, CB 9535, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 USA
| | - Vince E Friedman
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 USA
| | - Janine L Corley
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 USA
| | - Diego A Hipolito Canario
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 USA
- UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Bondurant Hall, CB 9535, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 USA
| | - Corey S Johnson
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 USA
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Alexander SM, Pogson KB, Friedman VE, Corley JL, Hipolito Canario DA, Johnson CS. Ultrasound as a Learning Tool in Bachelor-Level Anatomy Education. Med Sci Educ 2021; 31:193-196. [PMID: 33262901 PMCID: PMC7688295 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-020-01170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) has become an increasingly common diagnostic tool in the clinical environment. As a result, it is being used earlier for medical students in Undergraduate Medical Education (UME) as a learning tool for the basic sciences including gross anatomy. There is little literature, however, to support its utility for basic science education in students currently seeking a bachelor's degree. This study consisted of fourteen currently enrolled bachelor students with previous instruction in human anatomy and physiology. Students participated in an ultrasound didactic and an interactive ultrasound experience with volunteers. Before and after this session, students were asked to complete an assessment measuring their spatial understanding of the human anatomy and their ability to locate structures using ultrasound. Wilcoxon's signed-rank tests comparing assessment scores showed significant improvement on both portions of the assessment. Based on this improvement, we suggest that ultrasound is a valid educational tool which can be used at the bachelor-level to effectively enhance students' learning of anatomy and provide hands on experience with modern technology. Further research with larger samples will be necessary to determine whether it would supplement or replace more traditional teaching modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M. Alexander
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 USA
- UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Bondurant Hall, CB 9535, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 USA
| | - Kaylyn B. Pogson
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 USA
- UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Bondurant Hall, CB 9535, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 USA
| | - Vince E. Friedman
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 USA
| | - Janine L. Corley
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 USA
| | - Diego A. Hipolito Canario
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 USA
- UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Bondurant Hall, CB 9535, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 USA
| | - Corey S. Johnson
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 USA
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Abstract
Imaging is critical in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). NETs share common imaging features, but each type exhibits unique features. Computed tomography scans or MRI of the abdomen is used to assess tumor burden routinely. Functional imaging with octreotide scan or gallium-68 somatostatin analog PET is used selectively to confirm diagnosis and guide therapy. Clinicians and radiologists should be familiar with the indications and interpretations of imaging modalities. Novel functional imaging modalities likely will be developed to detect small NETs, predict prognosis, guide therapeutic choices, and design novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 200 Medical Plaza Driveway #530, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Ashley Wachsman
- Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard #M335, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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