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Zhang T, Lei Q, Liang X, Lindsey S, Luo J, Pei W, Du X, Wu S, An M, Qiu W, Liu H. Optimization of the N footprint model and analysis of nitrogen pollution in irrigation areas: A case study of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. J Environ Manage 2023; 340:118002. [PMID: 37119631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Water diverted from rivers for irrigation areas often contains large amounts of nitrogen (N), which is frequently overlooked and its role in contributing to N pollution is unknown. To investigate the influence of water diversion on N in different systems within irrigation areas, we developed and optimized the N footprint model, taking into account the N carried by irrigation water diversion and drainage in irrigated areas. This optimized model can serve as a reference for evaluating N pollution in other irrigated areas. By analyzing 29 years (1991-2019) of statistical data from a diverted irrigation area in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia), China, the study assessed the contribution of water diversion to N in agriculture, animal husbandry, and human domestic activities. The results demonstrated that water diversion and drainage accounted for 10.3% and 13.8% in whole system, of the total N input and output in Ningxia, highlighting the potential N pollution risks associated with these activities. Additionally, the use of fertilizers in the plant subsystem, feed in the animal subsystem, and sanitary sewage in the human subsystem represented the main sources of N pollution in each subsystem. On a temporal scale, the study found that N loss increased year by year before reaching a stable level, indicating that N loss had reached its peak in Ningxia. The correlation analysis suggested that rainfall could regulate N input and output in irrigated areas by showing a negative correlation with water diversion, agricultural water consumption, and N from irrigated areas. Moreover, the study revealed that the amount of N brought by water diverted from rivers for irrigation should be taken into account when calculating the amount of fertilizer N required in the irrigation area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiuliang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Jiafa Luo
- AgResearch Ruakura, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Wei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinzhong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Shuxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Miaoying An
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weiwen Qiu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag, 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Hongbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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