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Onohuean H, Okoh AI, Nwodo UU. Antibiogram signatures of Vibrio species recovered from surface waters in South Western districts of Uganda: Implications for environmental pollution and infection control. Sci Total Environ 2022; 807:150706. [PMID: 34600994 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reports of vibriosis and other related gastrointestinal infections have remained a recurring concern in the diverse global continent. The safety of drinking surface water and associated environmental pollution has remained a public health concern in limited resource sittings. Seen in this light, we report the antibiogram signatures of Vibrio species recovered from surface waters in the South-Western districts of Uganda. Surface water samples were collected for four months for Vibrio species isolation in four districts (Bushenyi-B, Mitooma-M, Rubirizi-R, and Sheema-S) using bacteria culture procedures, disc diffusion and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Isolates were characterised, and the antibiotic fingerprints were determined using PCR and nine selected antibiotics in routine use. A total of 392 Vibrio species were confirmed from the various districts (B: 172, M: 79. R: 60, S: 81), with 163 (94.77%) resistant to colistin (polymixin), 145 (84.3%) resistant to cefotaxime, 127 (73.84%) resistant to azithromycin, and 33 (19.19%) resistant to chloramphenicol among Bushenyi isolates. A similar high resistance to fluoroquinolones and carbapenem antibiotics were also recorded in other districts of the study area. A complete multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype ((M)ARPs) to the applied antibiotics (A-CTX-CXM-MEM-ATH-K-TM-C-PB-NI-CIP-NA) were also recorded among some isolates, which produced multiple antibiotic resistance indexes of 1, suggesting a high-risk source of contamination due to the usage of several antibiotics. The PCR reports also confirm ampC gene {20 (10.9%)}, beta-lactamase TEM gene (blaTEM2), {30 (10%)} and dihydropteroate synthase type-1 and 11 gene (sul 1 & 11) {16 (8%)}. The results present an implicated environmental pollution problem and a potential concern to public health, therefore there is the need for control of such infectious bacteria and environmental pollution monitoring. Hence, it is recommended various approaches crucial to monitoring of emerging trends in drug resistance at the local and international levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Onohuean
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Biopharmaceutics unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western-Campus, Uganda.
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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