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Archundia D, Duwig C, Spadini L, Morel MC, Prado B, Perez MP, Orsag V, Martins JMF. Assessment of the Sulfamethoxazole mobility in natural soils and of the risk of contamination of water resources at the catchment scale. Environ Int 2019; 130:104905. [PMID: 31234002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is one of the antibiotics most commonly detected in aquatic and terrestrial environments and is still widely used, especially in low income countries. SMX is assumed to be highly mobile in soils due to its intrinsic molecular properties. Ten soils with contrasting properties and representative of the catchment soil types and land uses were collected throughout the watershed, which undergoes very rapid urban development. SMX displacement experiments were carried out in repacked columns of the 10 soils to explore SMX reactive transfer (mobility and reactivity) in order to assess the contamination risk of water resources in the context of the Bolivian Altiplano. Relevant sorption processes were identified by modelling (HYDRUS-1D) considering different sorption concepts. SMX mobility was best simulated when considering irreversible sorption as well as instantaneous and rate-limited reversible sorption, depending on the soil type. SMX mobility appeared lower in soils located upstream of the watershed (organic and acidic soils - Regosol) in relation with a higher adsorption capacity compared to the soils located downstream (lower organic carbon content - Cambisol). By combining soil column experiments and soil profiles description, this study suggests that SMX can be classified as a moderately to highly mobile compound in the studied watershed, depending principally on soil properties such as pH and OC. Potential risks of surface and groundwater pollution by SMX were thus identified in the lower part of the studied catchment, threatening Lake Titicaca water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Archundia
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, IGE, Grenoble, France; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Mexico, D.F, Mexico.; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Estación Regional del Noroeste, Mexico
| | - C Duwig
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, IGE, Grenoble, France.
| | - L Spadini
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, IGE, Grenoble, France
| | - M C Morel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, IGE, Grenoble, France; CNAM, Laboratoire d'analyses chimiques et bioanalyses, Paris Cedex 3, France
| | - B Prado
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - M P Perez
- Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Instituto de Hidrología e Hidráulica, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - V Orsag
- Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Facultad de Agronomía, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - J M F Martins
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, IGE, Grenoble, France
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