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Wang H, Jin M, Xie M, Yang Y, Xue F, Li W, Zhang M, Li Z, Li X, Jia N, Liu Y, Cui X, Hu G, Dong L, Wang G, Yu Q. Protective role of antioxidant supplementation for depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:264-279. [PMID: 36442656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New research supports an integrated approach to treating depression, and lifestyle modifications should be a regular component of both preventative and treatment programs. Therefore, in order to investigate the relationship between various antioxidant supplements and depressive status, we carried out a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT). METHODS We thoroughly searched PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to screen publications focusing on the effects of antioxidant supplements on depression status. The meta-analysis mainly compared depression scores between groups that received antioxidant supplements and controls. We also pooled studies reporting changes in anxiety status as a secondary outcome. RESULTS 52 studies with 4049 participants were eventually identified. The meta-analysis found that the positive effect of antioxidant supplementation, such as magnesium (SMD = 0.16, p = 0.03), zinc (SMD = 0.59, p = 0.01), selenium (SMD = 0.33, p = 0.009), CoQ10 (SMD = 0.97, p = 0.05), tea and coffee (SMD = 1.15, p = 0.001) and crocin (MD = 6.04, p < 0.00001), on depressive status were all significant. And antioxidant supplementation also showed significant improvement in anxiety (SMD = 0.40, p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis by scale types and countries were performed, and antioxidant supplementation's positive effects on depressive and anxiety states remained significant. LIMITATIONS This study did not limit the characteristics of the included population, and the diversity of scales also contributed to the heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Intake of antioxidant supplements is associated with improved depression and anxiety states, further affirms the therapeutic potential of antioxidant supplements as adjunctive therapy to conventional antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Mengdi Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Mengtong Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fengyu Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Weizhen Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ningning Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yane Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xingyao Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Guoyan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Qiong Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Sukan B, Akdevelioğlu Y, Sukan VN. Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation on Endometriosis-Related Pain: A Systematic Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:753-64. [PMID: 35948825 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This study was conducted to determine the effects of antioxidant supplementation on endometriosis-related chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases and the Google Scholar search engine were searched from early 2012 to 2022 using appropriate keywords for clinical trials receiving antioxidant supplements and reporting endometriosis-related pelvic pain (PROSPERO registration number CRD42022318924). The qualities of the included studies were evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklists Critical Appraisal Tools and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool for before-after (Pre-Post) study with no control group. This systematic review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. RESULTS In this systematic review, 8 studies (5 RCTs and 3 non-comparative trials) published in 2012-2022 were included. CONCLUSIONS The studies we included showed promising results in the use of antioxidants in endometriosis-related pain. However, many scientific studies are needed for clear statements.
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Tzounakas VL, Anastasiadi AT, Arvaniti VZ, Lelli V, Fanelli G, Paronis EC, Apostolidou AC, Balafas EG, Kostomitsopoulos NG, Papageorgiou EG, Papassideri IS, Stamoulis K, Kriebardis AG, Rinalducci S, Antonelou MH. Supplementation with uric and ascorbic acid protects stored red blood cells through enhancement of non-enzymatic antioxidant activity and metabolic rewiring. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102477. [PMID: 36155342 PMCID: PMC9513173 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox imbalance and oxidative stress have emerged as generative causes of the structural and functional degradation of red blood cells (RBC) that happens during their hypothermic storage at blood banks. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the antioxidant enhancement of stored RBC units following uric (UA) and/or ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation can improve their storability as well as post-transfusion phenotypes and recovery by using in vitro and animal models, respectively. For this purpose, 34 leukoreduced CPD/SAGM RBC units were aseptically split in 4 satellite units each. UA, AA or their mixture were added in the three of them, while the fourth was used as control. Hemolysis as well as redox and metabolic parameters were studied in RBC units throughout storage. The addition of antioxidants maintained the quality parameters of stored RBCs, (e.g., hemolysis, calcium homeostasis) and furthermore, shielded them against oxidative defects by boosting extracellular and intracellular (e.g., reduced glutathione; GSH) antioxidant powers. Higher levels of GSH seemed to be obtained through distinct metabolic rewiring in the modified units: methionine-cysteine metabolism in UA samples and glutamine production in the other two groups. Oxidatively-induced hemolysis, reactive oxygen species accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation were lower in all modifications compared to controls. Moreover, denatured/oxidized Hb binding to the membrane was minor, especially in the AA and mix treatments during middle storage. The treated RBC were able to cope against pro-oxidant triggers when found in a recipient mimicking environment in vitro, and retain control levels of 24h recovery in mice circulation. The currently presented study provides (a) a detailed picture of the effect of UA/AA administration upon stored RBCs and (b) insight into the differential metabolic rewiring when distinct antioxidant "enhancers" are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis L Tzounakas
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Alkmini T Anastasiadi
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki-Zoi Arvaniti
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Veronica Lelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Fanelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Efthymios C Paronis
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia C Apostolidou
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos G Balafas
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos G Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Effie G Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Welfare Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), Egaleo, Greece
| | - Issidora S Papassideri
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anastasios G Kriebardis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Welfare Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), Egaleo, Greece
| | - Sara Rinalducci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Marianna H Antonelou
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece.
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Lai TCT, Roychoudhury S, Cho CL. Oxidative Stress and Varicocele-Associated Male Infertility. Adv Exp Med Biol 2022; 1358:205-235. [PMID: 35641872 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89340-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite being regarded as one of the most common causes of male subfertility, the pathophysiology of varicocele remains largely unknown. Recently, oxidative stress (OS) is proposed to be the mediator in how varicocele may negatively impact fertility. The imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and seminal antioxidants results in damage to sperm DNA and lipid membrane. There is evidence demonstrating higher OS level in men with varicocele which is also positively correlated with clinical grading of varicocele. Moreover, a number of studies have revealed the negative correlation between OS and conventional semen parameters. Furthermore, various interventions have shown their potential in alleviating OS in men with varicocele-associated infertility. Although direct evidence on improving pregnancy rate is not available at the moment, varicocelectomy has demonstrated promising results in relieving OS. Oral antioxidants represent another option with a favourable safety profile. The supplement can be used alone or as adjunct to varicocelectomy. However, most of the studies are hampered by heterogenous dose regime and high-level evidence is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Chun-Ting Lai
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Chak-Lam Cho
- S. H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Petronek MS, Stolwijk JM, Murray SD, Steinbach EJ, Zakharia Y, Buettner GR, Spitz DR, Allen BG. Utilization of redox modulating small molecules that selectively act as pro-oxidants in cancer cells to open a therapeutic window for improving cancer therapy. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101864. [PMID: 33485837 PMCID: PMC8113052 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a rapidly growing body of literature supporting the notion that differential oxidative metabolism in cancer versus normal cells represents a metabolic frailty that can be exploited to open a therapeutic window into cancer therapy. These cancer cell-specific metabolic frailties may be amenable to manipulation with non-toxic small molecule redox active compounds traditionally thought to be antioxidants. In this review we describe the potential mechanisms and clinical applicability in cancer therapy of four small molecule redox active agents: melatonin, vitamin E, selenium, and vitamin C. Each has shown the potential to have pro-oxidant effects in cancer cells while retaining antioxidant activity in normal cells. This dichotomy can be exploited to improve responses to radiation and chemotherapy by opening a therapeutic window based on a testable biochemical rationale amenable to confirmation with biomarker studies during clinical trials. Thus, the unique pro-oxidant/antioxidant properties of melatonin, vitamin E, selenium, and vitamin C have the potential to act as effective adjuvants to traditional cancer therapies, thereby improving cancer patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Petronek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J M Stolwijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - S D Murray
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - E J Steinbach
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Y Zakharia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - G R Buettner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - D R Spitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - B G Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Brauns K, Friedl-Werner A, Gunga HC, Stahn AC. Effects of two months of bed rest and antioxidant supplementation on attentional processing. Cortex 2021; 141:81-93. [PMID: 34044245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity across the lifespan is a growing public health concern affecting the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and central nervous system. Data on the effects of dietary antioxidants as neuroprotective treatments when physical activity levels are impaired are lacking. In this randomized controlled study, twenty young healthy men underwent 60 days of bed rest. Participants were randomly assigned to a treatment group (n = 10) receiving a daily antioxidant supplement comprising polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, and selenium or a control group (n = 10). Event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral data from a three-stimulus oddball paradigm were collected eight days before bed rest, after 60 days of immobilization, and after eight days of recovery. After two months of bed rest, we found a significant decrease in task efficiency irrespective of the treatment that was corroborated by lower ERPs in fronto-central and parietal brain regions. Neither behavioral nor electrocortical data returned to baseline values after eight days of recovery. Our results provide support for the adverse and persistent neurobehavioral effects of prolonged bed rest, which could not be mitigated by antioxidant supplementation. These findings raise important implications for situations in which physical activity levels become severely restricted such as medical conditions or sedentary lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Brauns
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friedl-Werner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany; Université de Normandie, INSERM U 1075 COMETE, Caen, France
| | - Hanns-Christian Gunga
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander C Stahn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19004, USA.
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Paoli D, Pelloni M, Lenzi A, Lombardo F. Cryopreservation of Sperm: Effects on Chromatin and Strategies to Prevent Them. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019; 1166:149-67. [PMID: 31301051 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21664-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is a technique that can keep sperm alive indefinitely, enabling the conservation of male fertility. It involves the cooling of semen samples and their storage at -196 °C in liquid nitrogen. At this temperature all metabolic processes are arrested. Sperm cryopreservation is of fundamental importance for patients undergoing medical or surgical treatments that could induce sterility, such as cancer patients about to undergo genotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy, as it offers these patients not only the hope of future fertility but also psychological support in dealing with the various stages of the treatment protocols.Despite its importance for assisted reproduction technology (ART) and its success in terms of babies born, this procedure can cause cell damage and impaired sperm function. Various studies have evaluated the impact of cryopreservation on chromatin structure, albeit with contradictory results. Some, but not all, authors found significant sperm DNA damage after cryopreservation. However, studies attempting to explain the mechanisms involved in the aetiology of cryopreservation-induced DNA damage are still limited. Some reported an increase in sperm with activated caspases after cryopreservation, while others found an increase in the percentage of oxidative DNA damage. There is still little and contradictory information on the mechanism of the generation of DNA fragmentation after cryopreservation. A number of defensive strategies against cryoinjuries have been proposed in the last decade. Most studies focused on supplementing cryoprotectant medium with various antioxidant molecules, all aimed at minimising oxidative damage and thus improving sperm recovery. Despite the promising results, identification of the ideal antioxidant treatment method is still hampered by the heterogeneity of the studies, which describe the use of different antioxidant regimens at different concentrations or in different combinations. For this reason, additional studies are needed to further investigate the use of antioxidants, individually and in combination, in the cryopreservation of human sperm, to determine the most beneficial conditions for optimal sperm recovery and preservation of fertility.
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Tsukamoto H, Suga T, Ishibashi A, Takenaka S, Tanaka D, Hirano Y, Hamaoka T, Goto K, Ebi K, Isaka T, Hashimoto T. Flavanol-rich cocoa consumption enhances exercise-induced executive function improvements in humans. Nutrition 2017; 46:90-96. [PMID: 29290363 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aerobic exercise is known to acutely improve cognitive functions, such as executive function (EF) and memory function (MF). Additionally, consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa has been reported to acutely improve cognitive function. The aim of this study was to determine whether high cocoa flavanol (CF; HCF) consumption would enhance exercise-induced improvement in cognitive function. To test this hypothesis, we examined the combined effects of HCF consumption and moderate-intensity exercise on EF and MF during postexercise recovery. METHODS Ten healthy young men received either an HCF (563 mg of CF) or energy-matched low CF (LCF; 38 mg of CF) beverage 70 min before exercise in a single-blind counterbalanced manner. The men then performed moderate-intensity cycling exercise at 60% of peak oxygen uptake for 30 min. The participants performed a color-word Stroop task and face-name matching task to evaluate EF and MF, respectively, during six time periods throughout the experimental session. RESULTS EF significantly improved immediately after exercise compared with before exercise in both conditions. However, EF was higher after HCF consumption than after LCF consumption during all time periods because HCF consumption improved EF before exercise. In contrast, HCF consumption and moderate-intensity exercise did not improve MF throughout the experiment. CONCLUSION The present findings demonstrated that HCF consumption before moderate-intensity exercise could enhance exercise-induced improvement in EF, but not in MF. Therefore, we suggest that the combination of HCF consumption and aerobic exercise may be beneficial for improving EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Tsukamoto
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suga
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Aya Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saki Takenaka
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Daichi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hirano
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Kazushige Goto
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ebi
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tadao Isaka
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
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Ives SJ, Bloom S, Matias A, Morrow N, Martins N, Roh Y, Ebenstein D, O'Brien G, Escudero D, Brito K, Glickman L, Connelly S, Arciero PJ. Effects of a combined protein and antioxidant supplement on recovery of muscle function and soreness following eccentric exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017; 14:21. [PMID: 28680370 PMCID: PMC5496333 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-017-0179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An acute bout of eccentric contractions (ECC) cause muscle fiber damage, inflammation, impaired muscle function (MF) and muscle soreness (MS). Individually, protein (PRO) and antioxidant (AO) supplementation may improve some aspects of recovery from ECC, though have yet to be combined. We sought to determine if combined PRO and AO supplementation (PRO + AO) improves MS and MF following damaging ECC over PRO alone. METHODS Sixty sedentary college-aged males participated in a randomized, single-blind, parallel design study of peak isometric torque (PIMT), peak isokinetic torque (PIKT), thigh circumference (TC), and muscle soreness (MS) of knee extensor muscles measured at baseline, immediately after and 1, 2, 6, and 24 h after completion of 100 maximal ECC. Immediately, 6 h, and 22 h post-ECC, participants consumed either: carbohydrate control (CHO; n = 14), PRO (n = 16), or PRO + AO (n = 17). RESULTS At baseline MS, TC, MF, macro- and micro-nutrient intakes, and total work during the ECC were not different between groups (p > 0.05). PIMT and PIKT (both -25%∆), TC (~1%∆) and MS (~35%∆) all changed with time (p < 0.05). We observed a group by time effect for PIKT (PRO + AO and PRO > CHO, p < 0.05). At 24 h post ECC, there was a trend towards improved relative PIMT (~11%) and PIKT (~17%) for PRO + AO (~17%) and PRO (~11%) compared to CHO. An interaction indicated PRO + AO had lowest MS over time (PRO + AO > PRO & CHO, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest PRO facilitates recovery of muscle function within 24 h following ECC, and addition of AO ameliorates MS more than PRO or CHO alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Ives
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Samuel Bloom
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Alexs Matias
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Noelle Morrow
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Natalya Martins
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Yookee Roh
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Daniel Ebenstein
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Gabriel O'Brien
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Daniela Escudero
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Kevin Brito
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Leah Glickman
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | | | - Paul J Arciero
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA.
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Abstract
CONTEXT The available data concerning oxidant stress and antioxidant capacity in hypothyroidism are scanty and inconclusive. While some authors suggest that tissues may be protected from oxidant damage because of a hypometabolic state in hypothyroidism, others report increased oxidative stress in hypothyroidism. Selenium acts as a cofactor for the thyroid hormone (TH) deiodinases that activate and then deactivate various THs and their metabolites. Selenium may inhibit thyroid autoimmunity. AIMS The study was designed, first, to study the impact of oxidative stress in patients of primary hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroiditis, by estimation of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Second, to study the change in MDA level pre- and post-L-thyroxine treatment. Finally, to look into the possible role of selenium supplementation on oxidative stress in autoimmune hypothyroidism. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Patients attending endocrine outpatient department (OPD) services of IPGMER and SSKM hospital were considered for the study. Sixty treatment-naive adult patients (age > 18 years) with hypothyroidism were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups, each comprised thirty patients. One group was treated with L-thyroxine and placebo (Group A). The other group received L-thyroxine replacement along with selenium (100 mcg twice a day) as antioxidant supplementation (Group B). The patients were blinded about selenium and placebo. The study duration for both groups was 6 months. The starting dose of L-thyroxine was 1.6 mcg/kg body weight free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was repeated after 12 weeks. L-thyroxine dose adjustments were done if needed. MDA was assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study, i.e., after 6 months of treatment. The control cohort was composed of thirty healthy adults. Only overt hypothyroidism (OH) cases were included in the study. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Normality of data was determined using Anderson-Darling test, Shapiro-Wilk test, and QQ plot. P values were calculated using ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni tests for normally distributed data. Correlation analysis was carried out using Pearson correlation test. P < 0.05 considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS After treatment in Group A patients, FT4 showed a significant increment while TSH value decreased. MDA level reduced after treatment, (P < 0.001). After treatment in Group B patients, FT4 showed increment while TSH value decreased (P < 0.05). After treatment, there was a drop in estimated MDA level (P < 0.001). MDA level shows a significant drop in both groups after treatment. In Group B, there is more decline in the MDA percentage but did not reach statistical significance. By performing repeated measure MANOVA, no significant difference was found in the MDA levels between the two groups. MDA reduction when expressed as percentage showed reduction of 39.5% in patients of Group A. Similarly, Group B patients showed a percentage reduction of 45.4%. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress compounds hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is a state of increased oxidative stress. In this study, biomarker, MDA level is high in treatment-naive primary hypothyroid patients. After treatment with L-thyroxine, the stress marker is reduced to a significant extent. MDA can be used as a useful biomarker to measure and monitor oxidative stress. The role of the addition of antioxidant in the form of selenium remained inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Chakrabarti
- Department of General Medicine, NRS Medical College and Hospital, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Department of Endocrinology, IPGME & R and SSKM Hospital, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, KPC Medical College, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Satinath Mukherjee
- Department of Endocrinology, IPGME & R and SSKM Hospital, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhankar Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology, IPGME & R and SSKM Hospital, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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11
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Bjørnsen T, Salvesen S, Berntsen S, Hetlelid KJ, Stea TH, Lohne-Seiler H, Rohde G, Haraldstad K, Raastad T, Køpp U, Haugeberg G, Mansoor MA, Bastani NE, Blomhoff R, Stølevik SB, Seynnes OR, Paulsen G. Vitamin C and E supplementation blunts increases in total lean body mass in elderly men after strength training. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:755-63. [PMID: 26129928 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin C and E supplementation on changes in muscle mass (lean mass and muscle thickness) and strength during 12 weeks of strength training in elderly men. Thirty-four elderly males (60-81 years) were randomized to either an antioxidant group (500 mg of vitamin C and 117.5 mg vitamin E before and after training) or a placebo group following the same strength training program (three sessions per week). Body composition was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and muscle thickness by ultrasound imaging. Muscle strength was measured as one-repetition maximum (1RM). Total lean mass increased by 3.9% (95% confidence intervals: 3.0, 5.2) and 1.4% (0, 5.4) in the placebo and antioxidant groups, respectively, revealing larger gains in the placebo group (P = 0.04). Similarly, the thickness of m. rectus femoris increased more in the placebo group [16.2% (12.8, 24.1)] than in the antioxidant group [10.9% (9.8, 13.5); P = 0.01]. Increases of lean mass in trunk and arms, and muscle thickness of elbow flexors, did not differ significantly between groups. With no group differences, 1RM improved in the range of 15-21% (P < 0.001). In conclusion, high-dosage vitamin C and E supplementation blunted certain muscular adaptations to strength training in elderly men.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bjørnsen
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - S Salvesen
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - S Berntsen
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - K J Hetlelid
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - T H Stea
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - H Lohne-Seiler
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - G Rohde
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - K Haraldstad
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - T Raastad
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - U Køpp
- Southern Norway Hospital Trust, Agder, Norway
| | - G Haugeberg
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - M A Mansoor
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - N E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - S B Stølevik
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - O R Seynnes
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Paulsen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Abstract
This experiment was designed to investigate the extent of peroxidative changes and histological alterations in the myocardium of rats exposed to high fluoride for two generations, in addition to ameliorative role of selenium and vitamin E on the above indices. Adult albino Wistar rats were given fluoride through drinking water (200 ppm F) and maintained subsequently for two generations, while they were exposed to fluoride throughout the experiment. Fluoride treatment significantly increased the lipid peroxidation and decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, viz., catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione level in auricle and ventricle regions of the heart. Decreased feed and water consumption, organ somatic index and marginal drop in body growth rate were observed. Decreased antioxidant enzymes and increased malondialdehyde levels might be related to oxidative damage that occurs variably in the myocardium of rats. Biochemical changes were supported by the histological observations, which also revealed that chronic exposure to fluoride causes damage to the myocardium. Results of this study can be taken as an index of cardio-toxicity in rats exposed to water fluoridation. Further, oral supplementation of selenium and vitamin E not only inhibited oxidative stress but also enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Administration of antioxidants during fluoride exposure significantly overcame cardiac fluoride toxicity and therefore may be a therapeutic strategy for fluorotic victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahaboob P Basha
- Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560 056, India
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13
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Shariff AK, Patil SR, Shukla PS, Sontakke AV, Hendre AS, Gudur AK. Effect of oral antioxidant supplementation on lipid peroxidation during radiotherapy in head and neck malignancies. Indian J Clin Biochem 2009; 24:307-11. [PMID: 23105854 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-009-0057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to ascertain the variations in the serum levels of malondialdehyde and total antioxidant status, in head and neck malignancies with different stages, with and without oral antioxidant supplementation, before and after radiotherapy, and to validate the protective effects of an antioxidant supplementation during radiotherapy. The pretreatment values of serum malondialdehyde were significantly raised, while that of serum total antioxidant status were significantly declined in all the stages of head and neck malignancies, when compared with the healthy controls values (P<0.001). A significant correlation was observed related to the studied parameters and different stages of the disease. The study suggests that an oral antioxidant supplementation during radiotherapy is an effective mode in reducing oxidative stress. Antioxidant supplementation during radiotherapy may serve as an adjuvant therapy in malignancies offering a protection to normal cells that may further reduce the risk of developing secondary cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Kaleemullah Shariff
- Department of Biochemistry, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Karad, 415110 Maharashtra India
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