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Minić A, Van de Walle T, Van Hecke K, Combrinck J, Smith PJ, Chibale K, D'hooghe M. Design and synthesis of novel ferrocene-quinoline conjugates and evaluation of their electrochemical and antiplasmodium properties. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111963. [PMID: 31865015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tropical disease malaria is responsible for more than 400,000 deaths annually, especially in Southeast Asia and Africa. Although the number of malaria cases is declining, there still is an urgent need for novel antimalarial agents. The emergence of hybrid antimalarial agents and the precedence set by the antimalarial drug ferroquine (FQ) prompted us to design new ferrocene-containing quinoline structures. Herein, we report the efficient synthesis of three different series of ferrocene-quinoline conjugates and a class of ferrocene-containing heterotricycles in good to high yields. For all twenty novel ferrocenyl derivatives, electrochemical properties were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and antiplasmodium evaluation against a chloroquine-susceptible NF54 strain of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum was conducted, pointing to three compounds showing submicromolar potency. Subsequently, cytotoxicity assays against a Chinese Hamster Ovarian cell line and evaluation against a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum for these three compounds revealed selective and promising antiplasmodium activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Minić
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Priština, Knjaza Miloša 7, 38220, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia; SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Tim Van de Walle
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S3, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jill Combrinck
- Medical School, University of Cape Town, K45, OMB, Groote Schuur Hopsital, Obervatory, 7925, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, South Africa
| | - Peter J Smith
- Medical School, University of Cape Town, K45, OMB, Groote Schuur Hopsital, Obervatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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