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Salimi S, Graham AM, Wu Y, Song P, Hart LR, Irvine DJ, Wildman RD, Siviour CR, Hayes W. An effective route to the additive manufacturing of a mechanically gradient supramolecular polymer nanocomposite structure. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106358. [PMID: 38169206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
3D Printing techniques are additive methods of fabricating parts directly from computer-aided designs. Whilst the clearest benefit is the realisation of geometrical freedom, multi-material printing allows the introduction of compositional variation and highly tailored product functionality. The paper reports a proof-of-concept additive manufacturing study to deposit a supramolecular polymer and a complementary organic filler to form composites with gradient composition to enable spatial distribution of mechanical properties and functionality by tuning the number of supramolecular interactions. We use a dual-feed extrusion 3D printing process, with feed stocks based on the supramolecular polymer and its organic composite, delivered at ratios predetermined. This allows for production of a graded specimen with varying filler concentration that dictates the mechanical properties. The printed specimen was inspected under dynamic load in a tensile test using digital image correlation to produce full-field deformation maps, which showed clear differences in deformation in regions with varying compositions, corresponding to the designed-in variations. This approach affords a novel method for printing material with graded mechanical properties which are not currently commercially available or easily accessible, however, the method can potentially be directly translated to the generation of biomaterial-based composites featuring gradients of mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Aaron M Graham
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Yuyang Wu
- Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peihao Song
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Lewis R Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Derek J Irvine
- Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ricky D Wildman
- Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Clive R Siviour
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Wayne Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.
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Ling Z, Liu W, Ren Y, Chen H, Huang C, Lai C, Yong Q. Bioinspired manufacturing of oriented polysaccharides scaffolds for strong, optical haze and anti-UV/bacterial membranes. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:118328. [PMID: 34364591 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Here, biomimetic dual esterification strategy was proposed on natural polysaccharides cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and galactomannan (GM) in combination with tartaric acid (TA) and benzoic anhydride (BA) respectively. Evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) formed the oriented quasinematic structure of the nanocomposites membranes. The CNCs crystallites were modified by TA and intercalated by amorphous polysaccharides, building a complex supramolecular network. Thus, it presents excellent light scattering property with the optical haze of ~90%, which was rarely reported previously. TA and BA simultaneously contributed to satisfying UV adsorption capability for the membranes, showing almost whole-spectra UVA/UVB blocking. Super high mechanical strength (>150 MPa) and toughness (~8 kJ/m3) were revealed by the membranes with high addition amount of BA, together with the efficient antibacterial capability on both Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The diverse optical, mechanical and biological functions displayed by the polysaccharides membranes, propose new horizons on application for packaging, optoelectronic and biomonitoring sensors.
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Dolzhenkova E, Kostenyukova E, Bezkrovnaya O, Pritula I. Effect of doping of KDP crystal with amino acid l-arginine on the strength properties and character of laser damage. J Cryst Growth 2017; 478:111-116. [PMID: 29151615 PMCID: PMC5656088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studied were the strength characteristics of KDP crystals doped with l-arginine under a concentrated load and irradiation of the first harmonic YAG:Nd3+ laser. The crystals were obtained by means of the temperature reduction method on a point seed, the content of l-arginine in the aqueous solution being 0.3, 0.4, 1.0 and 1.4 wt%. The character of the dependence of KDP microhardness versus the concentration of amino acid in the crystal was investigated. The regularities of brittle damage of the doped KDP crystal at mechanical testing and laser irradiation were shown to be similar. As confirmed in the study, the planes of easy crack extension in the crystal are {2 2 1}, (1 0 0), and (0 0 1) planes, the cracks mainly propagate parallel to {2 2 1} planes. The mechanical and laser strength values of doped KDP crystals were evaluated.
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Zhou K, Gao R, Jiang S. Morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of poly (ε-caprolactone) biocomposites reinforced with nano-hydroxyapatite decorated graphene. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 496:334-342. [PMID: 28237751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanorods decorated on graphene nanosheets (HAP-Gs) was synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The structure, elemental composition and morphology of the HAP-Gs hybrids were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and Transmission electron microscopy. Subsequently, the hybrids were incorporated into poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) via a solution blending method. Optical images and scanning electron microscopy observation revealed not only a well dispersion of HAP-Gs hybrids but also a strong interfacial interaction between hybrids and PCL matrix. The influence of HAP-Gs hybrids on the crystallization behavior, crystal structure, thermal stability, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the PCL nanocomposites was investigated in detail. The results showed that the crystallization temperature of PCL was enhanced obviously, but the crystal structure was not affected by the incorporation of HAP-Gs hybrids. The mechanical properties of PCL bionanocomposites were improved obviously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqing Zhou
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China.
| | - Rui Gao
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Saihua Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
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