The Effects of Lifestyle Intervention Using the Modified Beliefs, Attitude, Subjective Norms, Enabling Factors Model in Hypertension Management: Quasi-Experimental Study

BACKGROUND

Hypertension is a serious health issue and a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Although various health education models have been used to improve lifestyle in patients with hypertension, the findings have been inconsistent.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the effects of a lifestyle intervention program using a modified Beliefs, Attitude, Subjective Norms, Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model among nonadherent participants with hypertension in managing elevated blood pressure (BP) levels.

METHODS

This study reports a quantitative quasi-experimental research work, particularly using a repeated-measures design of the within-subjects approach on the 50 nonadherent patients who received a diagnosis of essential hypertension in Cebu, Philippines. The research participants received 5 sessions of training based on a modified BASNEF model. An adherence instrument was used as an evaluation platform. The first phase gathers participants' relevant profiles and background, and the final phase gathers participants' systolic BP, diastolic BP, heart rate, and adherence scores.

RESULTS

The results indicate that the phase 1 mean systolic readings (146.50, SD 19.59) differ significantly from the phase 4 mean systolic readings (134.92, SD 15.24). They also suggest that the lifestyle intervention based on session III or phase IV behavioral intention in the BASNEF model microgroup sessions positively affects BP readings among the research participants.

CONCLUSIONS

This study has established that the BASNEF model approach can be a good BP management technique.

The study of eye care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of present study was to investigate eye care behaviors based on the BASNEF model and Health Locus of Control (HLOC) in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D).

METHODS

This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on 150 patients with T2D in Iran in 2019. The subjects were selected using simple random sampling. The data collection tools included demographic, eye self-care behavior inventory based on BASNEF model and health locus of control whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Data analysis was carried out using Independent samples-t test ANOVA, and linear regression in SPSS ver. 24.

RESULT

The results of linear regression showed that knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, enabling factors, internal HLOC, chance HLOC and external HLOC were able to predict 17% of intention to eye self-care behaviors (P < 0.001) and attitude was the strongest construct in predicting intention of eye care behavior in patients with T2D (P < 0.05). In this study, most people had internal HLOC and mean (± SD) of their internal construct was 27.42(± 2.73). Also, the enabling factors construct showed a significant correlation with the internal HLOC (r = 0.283) and behavioral intention (r = 0.348) (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The results of this study showed that attitude and enabling factors are effective constructs in predicting the intention to perform preventive behaviors of ocular complications in T2D patients. Therefore, it is recommended to organize training classes, access resources, and educational information, facilitate access to physicians for eye examinations, create new skills for care and prevention of ocular complications.

Osteoporosis preventive behaviors in adolescent girls: the educational program based on BASNEF model

Osteoporosis is a progressive and preventable metabolic disease. This study aimed to assess the short-term effect of the educational program based on the Beliefs, Attitude, Subjective Norms, Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model on the osteoporosis preventive behaviors in adolescent girls. It was found that the BASNEF model improved the osteoporosis preventive behaviors in adolescent girls.

PURPOSE

Osteoporosis is a progressive and preventable metabolic disease. This study aimed to investigate the short-term effect of the education program based on the BASNEF model on the osteoporosis preventive behaviors in adolescent girls.

METHODS

This randomized clinical trial was conducted on adolescent girls from January to August 2018 in an urban area of Iran. Subjects were 120 adolescent girls aged 13-14 years studying in the girls' high school that were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The data collection tool was the demographic questionnaire and the researcher-made questionnaire consisting of six domains based on the BASNEF model. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed before data collections. The educational program was developed based on the BASNEF model in four sessions lasting from 30 to 45 min. Data was collected before, immediately and 1 month after the educational program and was analyzed via the SPSS software v.18.

RESULTS

No statistically significant differences were reported between the groups in terms of knowledge (p = 0.48), attitude (p = 0.94), subjective norms (p = 0.17), behavioral intention (p = 0.82), enabling factors (p = 0.62), and osteoporosis preventive behaviors (p = 0.32). Meanwhile, immediately and 1 month after the educational program, differences were reported between the two groups in knowledge (p < 0.001), attitude (p = 0.002, p < 0.001), subjective norms (p = 0.024, p = 0.001), behavioral intention (p < 0.001, p = 0.001), enabling factors (p < 0.001), and osteoporosis preventive behaviors (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

It is suggested that educational program based on the BASNEF model is used to strengthen the osteoporosis preventive behaviors among adolescent girls.

Impact of an Educational Intervention Based on the BASNEF Model on Skin Cancer Preventive Behavior of College Students

Background: Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world but is largely preventable through protective behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention based on the BASNEF model on skin cancer prevention and protective behavior in midwifery students in Urmia. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the subject population comprised 100 midwifery students in two groups, study and control (n = 50 in each). The sample was collected using a stratified random sampling method. The data collection tool was a multi-section questionnaire which included demographic questions, knowledge and structures (attitude, enabling factors, subjective norms, behavior and attitude). The educational intervention was carried out in three 45-minute sessions. Data were collected during face-to-face discussions before the educational intervention and three months thereafter and analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test statistics. Results: The results showed that after intervention, mean score of knowledge was significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group. Significant improvement in mean scores for attitude, enabling factors, mental norms, and intent of behavior was limited to the study group Also, behavior for prevention of skin cancer was significantly better in the intervention group. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the BASNEF model is effective for promotion of skin cancer prevention behavior.