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Mollace V, Scicchitano M, Paone S, Casale F, Calandruccio C, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Maiuolo J, Nucera S, Riva A, Allegrini P, Ronchi M, Petrangolini G, Bombardelli E. Hypoglycemic and Hypolipemic Effects of a New Lecithin Formulation of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction: A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo- Controlled Study. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:136-143. [PMID: 30501605 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666181203151513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperlipemia represents an independent risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis in patients undergoing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Moreover, the pharmacological treatment of dyslipemia in patients undergoing type 2 DM (e.g. by means of statins), is accompanied by relevant side effects and oral supplementation with natural antioxidants, such as Citrus polyphenols, has recently been suggested to improve cardioprotection in such patients. However, due to the poor gastrointestinal absorption of polyphenols, novel formulations have recently been developed for getting a better bioavailability of polyphenolic rich fractions of citrus species extract rich in polyphenols. METHODS Here, we investigated the effect of standard bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF®) as well as of its phytosomal formulation (BPF Phyto), in patients with type 2 DM and hyperlipemia. A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out in 60 patients suffering from type 2 DM and mixed hyperlipemia. Patients were divided into three groups: one receiving placebo, the second receiving standard BPF and the third BPF Phyto. RESULTS In the groups receiving BPF and BPF Phyto, a significant reduction of fasting plasma glucose, serum LDL cholesterol and triglycerides accompanied by increased HDL cholesterol was observed. This effect was associated with significant reduction of small dense atherogenic LDL particles, as detected by means of proton NMR Spectroscopy, thus confirming the hypolipemic and hypoglycemic effect of bergamot extract both when using standard formulation as well as BPF Phyto. No differences were seen in the therapeutic response among groups receiving BPF and BPF Phyto, thus suggesting a substantial bioequivalence in their hypoglycemic and hypolipemic profile. However, when comparing the pharmacokinetic profile of naringin (the major component of BPF) and its metabolites, in patients treated with BPF Phyto, an at least 2,5 fold increase in its absorption was found, confirming in human studies the better profile of BPF Phyto compared to standard BPF. CONCLUSION These data suggest that better absorption and tissue distribution of BPF Phyto formulation represents an innovative approach in supplementation treatments of cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sara Paone
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Casale
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carla Calandruccio
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Unit, Indena S.p.A., Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Ronchi
- Research and Development Unit, Indena S.p.A., Milan, Italy
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