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Bowman CE. Transitional chelal digit patterns in saprophagous astigmatan mites. Exp Appl Acarol 2024; 92:687-737. [PMID: 38622432 PMCID: PMC11065788 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Changes in the functional shape of astigmatan mite moveable digit profiles are examined to test if Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acaridae) is a trophic intermediate between a typical micro-saprophagous carpoglyphid (Carpoglyphus lactis) and a common macro-saprophagous glycyphagid (Glycyphagus domesticus). Digit tip elongation in these mites is decoupled from the basic physics of optimising moveable digit inertia. Investment in the basal ramus/coronoid process compared to that for the moveable digit mastication length varies with feeding style. A differentiated ascending ramus is indicated in C. lactis and in T. putrescentiae for different trophic reasons. Culturing affects relative investments in C. lactis. A markedly different style of feeding is inferred for the carpoglyphid. The micro-saprophagous acarid does not have an intermediate pattern of trophic functional form between the other two species. Mastication surface shape complexity confirms the acarid to be heterodontous. T. putrescentiae is a particularly variably formed species trophically. A plausible evolutionary path for the gradation of forms is illustrated. Digit form and strengthening to resist bending under occlusive loads is explored in detail. Extensions to the analytical approach are suggested to confirm the decoupling of moveable digit pattern from cheliceral and chelal adaptations. Caution is expressed when interpreting ordinations of multidimensional data in mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive E Bowman
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK.
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Farina A. Discovering ecoacoustic codes in beehives: First evidence and perspectives. Biosystems 2023; 234:105041. [PMID: 37806648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The sounds present inside a beehive originate from the overlap of honeybee buzzes with external sounds. They reveal patterns that support the hypothesis that the sonic context of the beehive may be utilized by honeybees as a source of ecoacoustic codes for communication and the coordination of social activity. Patterns were observed in a data series of acoustic files sampled at a frequency of 48 kHz during the period May-July 2023 in a beehive of Apis mellifera ligustica (Spinola, 1806). The acoustic information was extracted using the acoustic complexity index (ACItf) algorithm applied to a fast Fourier transform matrix. Data series, aggregated in 1368 min × 512 frequency bins × 61 days, were tentatively classified according to three temporal classes of aggregation (eight, six, and four clusters, respectively) using the hierarchical K-means clustering algorithm. The clusters obtained at these three resolutions were considered potential ecoacoustic codes (PECs) belonging to each minute of the data series. The number of discontinuities along the 24-h PEC sequence, the coefficient of variation of the number of PECs at daily and seasonal scales, and the PEC sample entropy confirmed a patterned distribution of PECs across the 24 h, modulated at a monthly scale. A significant correlation was found between these indices and the daily average wind speed, and temperature. Honeybee buzz is an informative medium used by honeybees to develop survival strategies.
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Jagua-Gualdrón A, Peña-Latorre JA, Fernadez-Bernal RE. Apitherapy for Osteoarthritis: Perspectives from Basic Research. Complement Med Res 2020; 27:184-192. [PMID: 31896107 DOI: 10.1159/000505015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is one of the most common rheumatic disease in the world and one of the leading causes of disability in the elderly. There is still no curative management for the disease, so the search for new therapeutic alternatives continues. -Apitherapy is a therapeutic tool based on the use of beehive products used since ancient times and, at present, their mechanism of action begins to be known. Many of the mechanisms of action of the beehive products are useful for chronic articular pathophysiological processes such as those described in osteoarthritis. This article presents a review of the current state of understanding of the mechanisms through which bee venom, propolis, honey, pollen, and royal jelly may act on osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Jagua-Gualdrón
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, .,Apitherapy Investigation and Development Group, Sociedad Colombiana de Apiterapia - Colombian Apitherapy Society, Bogotá, Colombia,
| | - José Adolfo Peña-Latorre
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Apitherapy Investigation and Development Group, Sociedad Colombiana de Apiterapia - Colombian Apitherapy Society, Bogotá, Colombia.,Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Roger Edwin Fernadez-Bernal
- Apitherapy Investigation and Development Group, Sociedad Colombiana de Apiterapia - Colombian Apitherapy Society, Bogotá, Colombia.,Universidad Provada del Valle, Cochabamba Bolivia Medical Director Medizen Bolivia, Cochabamba, Bolivia
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Niell S, Jesús F, Pérez N, Pérez C, Pareja L, Abbate S, Carrasco-Letelier L, Díaz S, Mendoza Y, Cesio V, Heinzen H. Neonicotinoids transference from the field to the hive by honey bees: Towards a pesticide residues biomonitor. Sci Total Environ 2017; 581-582:25-31. [PMID: 28073057 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The beehive as a quantitative monitor of pesticide residues applied over a soybean crop was studied through a semi field experiment of controlled exposure of honey bees to pesticides in macro tunnels. The distribution within exposed beehives of pesticides commonly used in soybean plantation, was assessed. Residue levels of insecticides in soybean leaves, honey bees, wax, honey and pollen were analyzed. The transference from pesticides present in the environment into the beehive was evidenced. The obtained results allow relating pesticide concentrations present in the environment with traces found in foraging bees. Therefore, pesticide transference ratios could be calculated for each detected compound (acetamiprid, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) which showed a linear inverse trend with their 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow). The least transferred pesticide to the hive (acetamiprid) has the highest vapor pressure (Vp). This study gives new insights on the usefulness of monitoring the environment through beehives aiming to evaluate if agroecosystems remain sustainable. It also contributes to generate valuable information for model building aiming to predict environmental quality through beehive's analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Niell
- Universidad de la República, CENUR Litoral Norte Sede Paysandú, DQL, PAAP, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Jesús
- Universidad de la República, CENUR Litoral Norte Sede Paysandú, DQL, PAAP, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Pérez
- Universidad de la República, CENUR Litoral Norte Sede Paysandú, DQL, PAAP, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Pérez
- Universidad de la República, CENUR Litoral Norte Sede Paysandú, DQL, PAAP, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Pareja
- Universidad de la República, CENUR Litoral Norte Sede Paysandú, DQL, PAAP, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Silvana Abbate
- Universidad de la República, CENUR Litoral Norte Sede Paysandú, DQL, PAAP, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Leonidas Carrasco-Letelier
- Production and Environmental Sustainability, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA), Uruguay
| | | | | | - Verónica Cesio
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Química, Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo, Uruguay; Universidad de la República, CENUR Litoral Norte Sede Paysandú, Polo Holistico, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Horacio Heinzen
- Universidad de la República, CENUR Litoral Norte Sede Paysandú, DQL, PAAP, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, Uruguay; Universidad de la República, Facultad de Química, Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Simoes MR, Giannotti E, Tofolo VC, Pizano MA, Firmino ELB, Antonialli-Junior WF, Andrade LHC, Lima SM. Morphological and Chemical Characterization of the Invasive Ants in Hives of Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Neotrop Entomol 2016; 45:72-79. [PMID: 26563402 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-015-0344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Apiculture in Brazil is quite profitable and has great potential for expansion because of the favorable climate and abundancy of plant diversity. However, the occurrence of pests, diseases, and parasites hinders the growth and profitability of beekeeping. In the interior of the state of São Paulo, apiaries are attacked by ants, especially the species Camponotus atriceps (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), which use the substances produced by Apis mellifera scutellata (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), like honey, wax, pollen, and offspring as a source of nourishment for the adult and immature ants, and kill or expel the adult bees during the invasion. This study aimed to understand the invasion of C. atriceps in hives of A. m. scutellata. The individuals were classified into castes and subcastes according to morphometric analyses, and their cuticular chemical compounds were identified using Photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS). The morphometric analyses were able to classify the individuals into reproductive castes (queen and gynes), workers (minor and small ants), and the soldier subcaste (medium and major ants). Identification of cuticular hydrocarbons of these individuals revealed that the eight beehives were invaded by only three colonies of C. atriceps; one of the colonies invaded only one beehive, and the other two colonies underwent a process called sociotomy and were responsible for the invasion of the other seven beehives. The lack of preventive measures and the nocturnal behavior of the ants favored the invasion and attack on the bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Simoes
- Instituto de Biociências, Depto de Zoologia, Univ Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brasil.
| | - E Giannotti
- Instituto de Biociências, Depto de Zoologia, Univ Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - V C Tofolo
- Instituto de Biociências, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Univ Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - M A Pizano
- Instituto de Biociências, Depto de Ecologia, Univ Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - E L B Firmino
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental (Labeco)/CInAM, Univ Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - W F Antonialli-Junior
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental (Labeco)/CInAM, Univ Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - L H C Andrade
- Centro Integrado de Análise e Monitoramento Ambiental, Univ Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - S M Lima
- Centro Integrado de Análise e Monitoramento Ambiental, Univ Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Dourados, MS, Brasil
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Chen J, Mullin CA. Determination of nonylphenol ethoxylate and octylphenol ethoxylate surfactants in beehive samples by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2014; 158:473-9. [PMID: 24731372 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonylphenol and octylphenol ethoxylates (NP(EO)n and OP(EO)n) are major toxicants in agrochemicals used around beehives. Here we developed a LC-MS method for analysis of NP(EO)3-13 and OP(EO)3-13 oligomers in bee hive matrices. Less than 2 g of honey, pollen or wax were extracted using the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) approach. Recoveries for each oligomer in all matrices are between 75% and 111% at three spiked concentrations. The method proved to be rapid, precise and sensitive. Five honey, 10 pollen and 12 wax samples were collected and analysed. NP(EO)n was detected in every sample with concentrations ranging from 26 ppb to 10,239 ppb. Much higher NP(EO)n residues levels were found in wax followed by pollen than in honey. OP(EO)n concentrations on average were more than 10 times lower in pollen and wax. This method demonstrates a probable wide occurrence of alkylphenol ethoxylates in USA beehives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Christopher A Mullin
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
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