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Kubentayev SA, Alibekov DT, Perezhogin YV, Lazkov GA, Kupriyanov AN, Ebel AL, Izbastina KS, Borodulina OV, Kubentayeva BB. Revised checklist of endemic vascular plants of Kazakhstan. PhytoKeys 2024; 238:241-279. [PMID: 38456166 PMCID: PMC10918586 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.114475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
We compiled a checklist of endemic vascular plants occurring in Kazakhstan, employing an exhaustive examination of literature sources, herbarium collections, databases and field observations. Our study reveals that 451 taxa can be considered endemic to Kazakhstan, constituting 7.97% of the total vascular plant diversity in the country. These endemic taxa, originating from 139 genera and 34 families, predominantly thrive in the southern regions of Kazakhstan, specifically in the mountain ridges of the Kazakh part of the Tian Shan, including Karatau (123 taxa), Dzungarian Alatau (80 taxa) and Trans-Ili and Kungey Alatau (50 taxa). Notably, 107 endemic species are granted legal protection. Detailed information regarding life form, life cycle, conservation status and geographical distribution across floristic regions was meticulously compiled for each endemic taxon. Of the six groups of life forms, herbs include the highest part of endemic taxa (367 taxa), followed by dwarf semishrubs (25 taxa), shrubs (23 taxa), subshrubs (20 taxa), undershrubs (13 taxa) and trees (3 taxa). The observed life cycles are perennials (408 taxa), annuals (33 taxa) and biennials (10 taxa). This paper serves as a fundamental groundwork for prospective investigations aimed at assessing population sizes and hotspots of plant endemism throughout Kazakhstan, crucial for determining conservation status of endemic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serik A. Kubentayev
- Astana Botanical Garden, 16 Orynbor Str., 010016, Astana, KazakhstanAstana Botanical GardenAstanaKazakhstan
| | - Daniyar T. Alibekov
- Astana Botanical Garden, 16 Orynbor Str., 010016, Astana, KazakhstanAstana Botanical GardenAstanaKazakhstan
| | - Yuri V. Perezhogin
- Kostanay Regional University named after A. Baitursynova, 47 Baytursynov Str., 110000, Kostanay, KazakhstanKostanay Regional University named after A. BaitursynovaKostanayKazakhstan
| | - Georgy A. Lazkov
- Institute of Biology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek 720011, KyrgyzstanInstitute of Biology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of KyrgyzstanBishkekKyrgyzstan
- Research Centre for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Bishkek 720040, KyrgyzstanResearch Centre for Ecology and Environment of Central AsiaBishkekKyrgyzstan
| | - Andrey N. Kupriyanov
- Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 Sovetsky Ave., 650000, Kemerovo, RussiaFederal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesKemerovoRussia
| | - Alexander L. Ebel
- Tomsk State University, Lenin Ave. 36, 634050 Tomsk, RussiaTomsk State UniversityTomskRussia
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya Str. 101, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
| | - Klara S. Izbastina
- Astana Botanical Garden, 16 Orynbor Str., 010016, Astana, KazakhstanAstana Botanical GardenAstanaKazakhstan
- S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, 62 Zhengis Ave, 010000, Astana, KazakhstanS. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research UniversityAstanaKazakhstan
| | - Olga V. Borodulina
- Kostanay Regional University named after A. Baitursynova, 47 Baytursynov Str., 110000, Kostanay, KazakhstanKostanay Regional University named after A. BaitursynovaKostanayKazakhstan
| | - Balsulu B. Kubentayeva
- Astana Botanical Garden, 16 Orynbor Str., 010016, Astana, KazakhstanAstana Botanical GardenAstanaKazakhstan
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El-Hokayem L, De Vita P, Usman M, Link A, Conrad C. Mapping potentially groundwater-dependent vegetation in the Mediterranean biome using global geodata targeting site conditions and vegetation characteristics. Sci Total Environ 2023; 898:166397. [PMID: 37598963 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater-dependent vegetation (GDV) is essential for maintaining ecosystem functions and services, providing critical habitat for species, and sustaining human livelihoods. However, climate and land-use change are threatening GDV, highlighting the need for harmonised, global mapping of the distribution and extent of GDV. This need is particularly crucial in vulnerable biodiversity hotspots such as the Mediterranean biome. This study presents a novel multicriteria index to identify areas in the Mediterranean biome that provide suitable environmental conditions to support potentially groundwater-dependent vegetation (pGDV) where vegetation behaviour is also indicative of groundwater use. Global datasets targeting 1) groundwater vegetation interaction; 2) soil water holding capacity; 3) topographical landscape wetness potential; 4) land use land cover and 5) hydraulic conductivity of rocks have been combined for the first time in an easy-to-use index. Layer weightings from Analytical Hierarchy Process and Random Forest showed limited applicability on biome scale, but an unweighted overlay of eleven thematic layers produced plausible results. The final pGDV map indicates that 31 % of the natural vegetation in the Mediterranean biome likely depend on groundwater. Moreover, moderate to good agreement was found compared to actual GDV locations in Campania, Italy (91 % with at least moderate potential) and California, USA (87 % with at least moderate potential). The results provide valuable information for identifying regions with a substantial presence of pGDV in the Mediterranean biome and can be used for decision making, e.g. to prioritise field surveys and high-resolution remote sensing for GDV mapping. It can therefore support effective groundwater resource management and the conservation of biodiversity hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonard El-Hokayem
- Institute of Geosciences and Geography, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
| | - Pantaleone De Vita
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Resources Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Geosciences and Geography, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Andreas Link
- Chair of Sustainable Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Christopher Conrad
- Institute of Geosciences and Geography, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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Liu T, Liu H, Yang Y. Uncovering the determinants of biodiversity hotspots in China: Evidence from the drivers of multiple diversity metrics on insect assemblages and implications for conservation. Sci Total Environ 2023; 880:163287. [PMID: 37028670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding large-scale biodiversity patterns and underlying mechanisms during the formation process is essential for guiding conservation efforts. However, previous studies on the identification and formation mechanism of diversity hotspots in China were often limited to a single (alpha) diversity metric, while multiple (beta or zeta) diversity has rarely been used for exploring drivers and conservation actions. Here, a comprehensive species distribution dataset consisting of representative families of three insect orders was compiled to explore biodiversity hotspots based on different algorithms. Furthermore, to assess the effects of environmental factors on hotspots, we fitted generalized additive mixed-effects models (GAMMs) for species richness, generalized dissimilarity models (GDMs) and multi-site generalized dissimilarity modeling (MS-GDM) for the total beta and zeta diversity. Our results showed that biodiversity hotspots were mainly concentrated in central and southern China, especially in mountainous areas with complex topography, which indicated the insects' affinity to montane environments. Further analyses based on multiple models showed that water-energy factors exerted the strongest explanatory power for the insect assemblage diversity in hotspots of both alpha and beta (or zeta) levels. Additionally, anthropogenic factors also exerted a significant effect on hotspots, and this effect was higher for beta diversity than for alpha diversity. Overall, our study elucidates a comprehensive analysis of the identification and underlying mechanism of biodiversity hotspots in China. Despite several limitations, we still believe that our findings can provide some new insights for conservation efforts in Chinese hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Haoyu Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yuxia Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Guo CA, Ding X, Hu H, Zhang Y, Bianba C, Bian B, Wang Y. A comparison of traditional plant knowledge between Daman people and Tibetans in Gyirong River Valley, Tibet, China. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2023; 19:14. [PMID: 37147662 PMCID: PMC10163752 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By comparing the differences in plant use between various cultures or regions, we can gain a better understanding of traditional knowledge of plant use among different groups, which may lead to a more objective understanding. Even though the Tibetan and Daman people live in the same ecosystem in Gyirong town, China, their cultural backgrounds and livelihoods differ. Therefore, the objective of this study is to document the traditional knowledge of plant use among the Daman people and compare it with the local Tibetan knowledge of plant use. By doing so, we aim to explore the relationship between plant selection and use and the cultural backgrounds of different groups. METHODS During fieldwork, ethnobotanical data were collected using various methods including free listings, key informant interviews, and semi-structured interviews. To quantify the importance of plant species in the Daman people's culture, the culture importance index, informant consensus factor index, and The Index of Agreement on Species consensus (IASc) were used. In addition, we cited previous ethnobotanical survey data from the Tibetan in Gyirong. To more comprehensively compare the differences in plant use between the Daman and Tibetan, this study constructed a knowledge network to compare the knowledge differences between the two groups. RESULTS In this study, traditional knowledge was collected from 32 Daman informants, resulting in a total of 68 species belonging to 39 families mentioned by Daman people and 111 species mentioned by Tibetans. Of these, 58 plants were used by both populations. The plants were classified into 3 categories and 28 subcategories, with 22 identical classes in both groups. The majority of use categories showed a high degree of sharing in both groups, and the Tibetan people had more plant use categories than the Daman people. Five plants with IASc value > 0.5 were identified in both groups: Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don, Artemisia japonica Thunb., Juniperus indica Bertol., Gastrodia elata Blume, and Rheum australe D. Don. The analysis of the knowledge network revealed a 66% overlap between the knowledge of the Daman and the knowledge of the Tibetans. Additionally, the plant knowledge of Tibetan people was found to be richer and more complex than that of the Daman people. However, the Daman people possess 30 unique knowledge items. CONCLUSIONS From the perspective of plant use, the history of the Daman people's discrete migration on the border between China and Nepal allows them to retain their own knowledge of plant use. The status quo of joining Chinese nationality and settling in Gyirong town allows them to gradually integrate into the local Tibetan society. In summary, despite living in the same ecosystem and biodiversity background, the plant utilization of the Daman people and Tibetans still shows significant differences, which are due to their different cultural backgrounds and social status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-An Guo
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Ding
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National Centre for Borderland Ethnic Studies in Southwest China, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Huabin Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Ciren Bianba
- , Daman Village, Gyirong Town, Gyirong County, Shigatse City, 857000, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ba Bian
- , Daman Village, Gyirong Town, Gyirong County, Shigatse City, 857000, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Wani SA, Ahmad R, Gulzar R, Rashid I, Khuroo AA. Alien flora causes biotic homogenization in the biodiversity hotspot regions of India. Sci Total Environ 2023; 884:163856. [PMID: 37142012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Biotic homogenization by invasive alien species is one of dominant drivers of global environmental change. However, little is known about the patterns of biotic homogenization in global biodiversity hotspots. Here we fill this knowledge gap by studying the patterns of biotic homogenization and associated geographic and climatic correlates in Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). For this, we use a novel biodiversity database comprising 10,685 native and 771 alien plant species across 12 provinces of the IHR. The database was assembled by screening 295 and 141 studies published from 1934 to 2022 for natives and aliens, respectively. Our results revealed that each native species on average was distributed among 2.8 provinces, whereas the alien species in 3.6 provinces, thereby indicating wider distribution range of alien species in the IHR. The Jaccard's similarity index between the provinces was higher for alien species (mean = 0.29) as compared to natives (mean = 0.16). Addition of alien species pool has homogenized most of the provincial pairwise floras (89.4 %) across the IHR, with greater dissimilarity in their native floras. Our results suggest that the alien species have strong homogenization effect on the provincial floras, regardless of their differences in geographic and climatic distances. The biogeographic patterns of alien and native species richness in the IHR were better explained by a different set of climatic variables, with former by precipitation of driest month and the latter by annual mean temperature. Our study contributes to better understanding of the patterns of biotic homogenization and its impacts on native biodiversity in the IHR. Looking ahead, in an era of Anthropocene, we discuss the wide implications of our findings in guiding biodiversity conservation and ecosystem restoration in global hotspot regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ahmad Wani
- Centre for Biodiversity & Taxonomy, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rameez Ahmad
- Centre for Biodiversity & Taxonomy, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ruquia Gulzar
- Centre for Biodiversity & Taxonomy, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Department of Geoinformatics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Anzar Ahmad Khuroo
- Centre for Biodiversity & Taxonomy, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Guo CA, Ding X, Hu H, Zhang Y, Yang H, Wang Y. An ethnobotanical study on wild plants used by Tibetan people in Gyirong Valley, Tibet, China. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2022; 18:67. [PMID: 36401315 PMCID: PMC9675253 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gyirong Valley known as the "Back Garden of the Himalayas" is located in the core area of the Everest National Nature Reserve. It is also one of the important ports from ancient Tibet to Kathmandu, Nepal, since ancient times. Over the years, the Tibetans of Gyirong had accumulated sufficient traditional knowledge about local plant resources. However, there is almost no comprehensive report available on ethnobotanical knowledge about the local people. The purposes of this study were to (1) conduct a comprehensive study of wild plants used by Tibetan people in Gyirong Valley and record the traditional knowledge associated with wild useful plants, (2) explore the influence of Tibetan traditional culture and economic development on the use of wild plants by local people, and (3) explore the characteristics of traditional knowledge about wild plants of Tibetans in Gyirong. METHODS Ethnobotanical data were documented through free listings, key informant interviews and semi-structured interviews during fieldwork. The culture importance index and the informant consensus factor index were used as quantitative indices. RESULTS In total, 120 informants (61 women and 59 men) and 3333 use reports and 111 wild plant species belonging to 39 families and 81 genera were included. These use reports were then classified into 27 categories belonging to three major categories. The use category that contained the most plant species was edible plants (62), followed by medicinal plants (32) and economic plants (22), and other uses (71). Plants with high CI included Allium prattii, Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora, Gymnadenia orchidis, Rhododendron anthopogon and Fritillaria cirrhosa. Thirty-six species of plants in the catalog of Gyirong and Yadong were the same, but only 17 species were the same in Gyirong and Burang. There were only 11 overlapping species between all the three regions. CONCLUSION Tibetans of Gyirong have rich and unique knowledge about plant use, and wild edible and medicinal plants play an important role in the nutrition and health protection of local people. However, traditional knowledge is slowly being lost and is being hit by modern tourism. In the future, more attention needs to be paid to the important role of traditional knowledge in biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-An Guo
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Ding
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- National Centre for Borderland Ethnic Studies in Southwest China, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
| | - Huabin Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303 Yunnan China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Huizhao Yang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
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Guo CA, Ding XY, Addi YW, Zhang Y, Zhang XQ, Zhuang HF, Wang YH. An ethnobotany survey of wild plants used by the Tibetan people of the Yadong River Valley, Tibet, China. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2022; 18:28. [PMID: 35361213 PMCID: PMC8973548 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plant resources gathered from the wild are important sources of livelihood needs, especially for low-income populations living in remote areas, who rely on these plants for food, fuelwood, medicine and building materials. Yadong County is a valley at the border between the China, India and Bhutan in southern Tibet. Yadong is rich in biodiversity and culture, but ethnobotanical knowledge has not been systematically studied. This study aimed to document the ethnobotanical knowledge of Tibetans in Yadong County. METHODS Ethnobotanical data were documented through free listings, key informant interviews, and semi-structured interviews during fieldwork. The culture importance index (CI) and informant consensus factor index (FIC) were used as the quantitative indices. RESULTS In total, 163 informants (46 women and 117 men). A total of 3,031 use reports and 121 plant species belonging to 52 families and 91 genera were included. These use reports were then classified into 20 categories belonging to 9 major categories. The utilisation category that containing the most plant species was food, followed by economic, medicine, animal feed, social uses, other uses, environmental uses, materials and fuels. Among the economic plants, 32 medicinal plants are traditionally used in the local region. Plants with high CI included Fritillaria cirrhosa, Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora, Betula utilis, Rheum nobile, and Urtica hyperborean. CONCLUSION This research demonstrates the diversity of the types and functions of Yadong Tibetan traditional plant knowledge. Knowledge of edible and medicinal plants in this area is prominent, reflecting the ability to cope with the lack of fruits and vegetables and basic family medical care. There were exchanges between the traditional plant culture in the study area and its surroundings. With socioeconomic development, the commercial value of medicinal plants has increased, and locals are also seeking ways to adoptsustainable development to cope with the excessive consumption of plant resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-An Guo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Yunnan, 650201 Kunming China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Ding
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Yunnan, 650201 Kunming China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Won Addi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Yunnan, 650201 Kunming China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Yunnan, 650201 Kunming China
| | - Xiao-Qian Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Yunnan, 650201 Kunming China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Fu Zhuang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Yunnan, 650201 Kunming China
| | - Yu-Hua Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Yunnan, 650201 Kunming China
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Xie H, Tang Y, Fu J, Chi X, Du W, Dimitrov D, Liu J, Xi Z, Wu J, Xu X. Diversity patterns and conservation gaps of Magnoliaceae species in China. Sci Total Environ 2022; 813:152665. [PMID: 34968599 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnoliaceae, a primitive group of angiosperms and distinguished ornamental plants with more than 100 species in China, is one of the most threatened plant family in the wild due to logging, habitat loss, over-collection and climate change. To provide a scientific guide of its conservation for policymakers, we explore the diversity patterns of 114 Magnoliaceae species in China using three diversity indices (species richness, weighted endemism, β-diversity) with a spatial resolution of 10 km by 10 km. Two methods, the top 5% richness algorithm and complementary algorithm, are used to identify diversity hotspots. Conservation gaps are recognized by overlapping the diversity hotspots with Chinese nature reserves. Our results indicate that Magnoliaceae species richness and weighted endemism are high in tropical to subtropical low montane forests in southern China, exceptionally high in southernmost Yunnan and boundary of Guizhou, Guangxi and Hunan. The β-diversity are scattered in southern China, suggesting a different species composition among grid cells. We identify 2524 grids as diversity hotspots for Magnoliaceae species in China, with 24 grids covered by three diversity indices (first-level diversity hotspots), 561 grids covered by two indices (second-level diversity hotspots) simultaneously and 1939 grids (76.8%) covered by only one index (third-level diversity hotspots). The first-level diversity hotspots include over 70% of the critically endangered Magnoliaceae species and are the priority areas for Magnoliaceae conservation. However, only 24% of the diversity hotspots fall in nature reserves and only ten grids are from the first-level diversity hotspots. Zhejiang, Guizhou and Fujian have less than 20% of diversity hotspots covered by nature reserves and need attention in future Magnoliaceae conservation. Using multiple diversity indices and algorithms, our study identifies diversity hotspots and conservation gaps and provides scientific basis for Magnoliaceae conservation in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Yigong Tang
- College of Mathematics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Xiulian Chi
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Du
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Dimitar Dimitrov
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenxiang Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, 210042 Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China.
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Amaya-Vallejo V, Bota-Sierra C, Novelo-Gutiérrez R, Sánchez-Herrera M. Two new species of Archaeopodagrion (Odonata, Philogeniidae) from the western foothills of the Tropical Andes, with biological observations and distributional records. Zookeys 2021; 1036:21-38. [PMID: 34017212 PMCID: PMC8116320 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1036.64230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new species of the damselfly genus Archaeopodagrion, A. recurvatum sp. nov. and A. mayi sp. nov., are described from the confluence of the Tropical Andes and the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena biodiversity hotspots. Adults differ from the other known species in the shape of female posterior lobe of pronotum and male structures of cerci and paraprocts; the larva differs from other Archaeopodagrion species in the caudal lamellae structure and in the mandibular formula. The two new species are diagnosed, a morphological key to all known males and females in the genus is provided, and geographical distributions are updated. Finally, observations on habitat preferences for each newly described species are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Amaya-Vallejo
- Laboratorio de Zoología y Ecología Acuática, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá DC, Colombia Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia.,Grupo de investigación en Genética Evolutiva, Filogeografía y Ecología de Biodiversidad Neotropical, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia Universidad del Rosario Bogotá Colombia
| | - Cornelio Bota-Sierra
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología AC, Xalapa, Veracruz, México Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología AC Xalapa Mexico.,Grupo de Entomología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia Universidad de Antioquia Medellín Colombia
| | - Rodolfo Novelo-Gutiérrez
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología AC, Xalapa, Veracruz, México Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología AC Xalapa Mexico
| | - Melissa Sánchez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Zoología y Ecología Acuática, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá DC, Colombia Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia.,Grupo de investigación en Genética Evolutiva, Filogeografía y Ecología de Biodiversidad Neotropical, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia Universidad del Rosario Bogotá Colombia
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Rana SK, Luo D, Rana HK, Chen S, Sun H. Molecular phylogeny, biogeography and character evolution of the montane genus Incarvillea Juss. (Bignoniaceae). Plant Divers 2021; 43:1-14. [PMID: 33778220 PMCID: PMC7987631 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The complex orogeny of the Himalaya and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) fosters habitat fragmentation that drives morphological differentiation of mountain plant species. Consequently, determining phylogenetic relationships between plant subgenera using morphological characters is unreliable. Therefore, we used both molecular phylogeny and historical biogeographic analysis to infer the ancestral states of several vegetative and reproductive characters of the montane genus Incarvillea. We determined the taxonomic position of the genus Incarvillea within its family and inferred the biogeographical origin of taxa through Bayesian inference (BI), maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) analyses using three molecular data sets (trnL-trnF sequences, nr ITS sequences, and a data set of combined sequences) derived from 81% of the total species of the genus Incarvillea. Within the genus-level phylogenetic framework, we examined the character evolution of 10 key morphological characters, and inferred the ancestral area and biogeographical history of the genus. Our analyses revealed that the genus Incarvillea is monophyletic and originated in Central Asia during mid-Oligocene ca. 29.42 Ma. The earliest diverging lineages were subsequently split into the Western Himalaya and Sino-Himalaya during the early Miocene ca. 21.12 Ma. These lineages resulted in five re-circumscribed subgenera (Amphicome, Olgaea, Niedzwedzkia, Incarvillea, and Pteroscleris). Moreover, character mapping revealed the ancestral character states of the genus Incarvillea (e.g., suffruticose habit, cylindrical capsule shape, subligneous capsule texture, absence of capsule wing, and loculicidal capsule dehiscence) that are retained at the earliest diverging ancestral nodes across the genus. Our phylogenetic tree of the genus Incarvillea differs from previously proposed phylogenies, thereby recommending the placement of the subgenus Niedzwedzkia close to the subgenus Incarvillea and maintaining two main divergent lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Rana
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Dong Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hum Kala Rana
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaotian Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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Wang P, Yao H, Gilbert KJ, Lu Q, Hao Y, Zhang Z, Wang N. Glaciation-based isolation contributed to speciation in a Palearctic alpine biodiversity hotspot: Evidence from endemic species. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 129:315-324. [PMID: 30218774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Organisms are unevenly distributed on earth and the evolutionary drivers of that have puzzled ecologists and evolutionary biologists for over a century. Even though many studies have focused on the mechanisms of unevenly distributed fauna and flora, there remains much to learn about the evolutionary drivers behind biodiversity hotspots. In the Tibetan Plateau and Hengduan Mountains, a biodiversity hotspot in the Palearctic realm, alpine uplift cannot be the driver for recent speciation (<two million years ago), researchers broadly refer to climatic oscillations driven biodiversity, however, the specific individual roles of glaciation and inter-glaciation periods in promoting biodiversity is unclear. The current study focuses on investigating whether recent speciation between two close-related avian species (White eared pheasant, Crossoptilon crossoptilon and Tibetan eared pheasant, C. harmani) was driven by glaciation-based isolation or by dispersal during inter-glaciation. To answer this question, we combined Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing technology to estimate population structure, phylogeny, divergence time, demographic history and potential historical distributions for C. crossoptilon and C. harmani, which are endemic to China. We found that the divergence time between these two species and within C. crossoptilon are both during glaciation periods. During glaciation periods, both C. harmani and C. crossoptilon experienced isolated distributions and extreme bottlenecks. The results of this study suggest that glaciation-based isolation contributed to recent speciation in the Tibetan Plateau and Hengduan Mountains, and sheds light on our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms that contributed to the formation of Palearctic alpine biodiversity hotspots and unevenly distributed species richness pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Hongyan Yao
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Kadeem J Gilbert
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Qi Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yu Hao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Zhengwang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Sallustio L, De Toni A, Strollo A, Di Febbraro M, Gissi E, Casella L, Geneletti D, Munafò M, Vizzarri M, Marchetti M. Assessing habitat quality in relation to the spatial distribution of protected areas in Italy. J Environ Manage 2017. [PMID: 28651222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The conservation of species and habitats is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic impacts, particularly land use change, from local to global scales. Although many efforts have been carried out so far to halt or at least reduce the biodiversity loss (e.g., the establishment of protected areas' networks), there are still both knowledge and policy gaps slowing the conservation of species and habitats in complex environments, such as the Mediterranean region. In particular, the human-driven impacts and threats on biodiversity need more careful analysis. Accordingly, this paper aims to assess the habitat quality and degradation in Italy in relation with the spatial pattern of the current protected areas' network, mainly to identify priority areas of intervention, thus supporting large-scale conservation strategies. A survey of experts was conducted to identify the main threats for biodiversity from different land uses at the national scale. The InVEST software was then applied to assess and map habitat quality and degradation with a high spatial resolution (20 m). The relationship between habitat quality and degradation as well as their hotspots, and alternative PA categories were also explored. Results indicate that: (i) habitat quality and degradation depend on the location and intensity of the anthropogenic impacts and are sensitive to different protection levels; (ii) the combination of the survey of experts and the spatially-explicit assessment of habitat quality and degradation is useful to highlight variations of the current conditions of biodiversity and habitats; and (iii) the identification of hotspots allows one to identify priority areas for conservation. Accordingly, the proposed approach may be used to strengthen the conservation efforts in similar contexts, and thus support the implementation of the biodiversity-related policies over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Sallustio
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, I-86090, Pesche, Italy; Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Viale Santa Margherita 80, 52100, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Andrea De Toni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, I-86090, Pesche, Italy
| | - Andrea Strollo
- Dipartimento di Architettura e Progetto, Facoltà di Architettura, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Flaminia 359, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Di Febbraro
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, I-86090, Pesche, Italy
| | - Elena Gissi
- Department of Design and Planning in Complex Environments, University Iuav of Venice, S. Croce 1957, Venice, Italy
| | - Laura Casella
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via V. Brancati 48, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Geneletti
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano, 77, Trento, Italy
| | - Michele Munafò
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via V. Brancati 48, Rome, Italy; Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Vizzarri
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, I-86090, Pesche, Italy.
| | - Marco Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, I-86090, Pesche, Italy
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Gutiérrez-Tapia P, Palma RE. Integrating phylogeography and species distribution models: cryptic distributional responses to past climate change in an endemic rodent from the central Chile hotspot. DIVERS DISTRIB 2016; 22:638-650. [PMID: 27453686 PMCID: PMC4950956 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Biodiversity losses under the species level may have been severely underestimated in future global climate change scenarios. Therefore, it is important to characterize the diversity units at this level, as well as to understand their ecological responses to climatic forcings. We have chosen an endemic rodent from a highly endangered ecogeographic area as a model to look for distributional responses below the species level: Phyllotis darwini. LOCATION The central Chile biodiversity hotspot: This area harbours a high number of endemic species, and it is known to have experienced vegetational displacements between two mountain systems during and after the Last Glacial Maximum. METHODS We have characterized cryptic lineages inside P. darwini in a classic phylogeographic approach; those intraspecific lineages were considered as relevant units to construct distribution models at Last Glacial Maximum and at present, as border climatic conditions. Differences in distribution between border conditions for each lineage were interpreted as distributional responses to post-glacial climate change. RESULTS The species is composed of two major phylogroups: one of them has a broad distribution mainly across the valley but also in mountain ranges, whereas the other displays a disjunct distribution across both mountain ranges and always above 1500 m. The lineage distribution model under LGM climatic conditions suggests that both lineages were co-distributed in the southern portion of P. darwini's current geographic range, mainly at the valley and at the coast. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Present distribution of lineages in P. darwini is the consequence of a cryptic distributional response to climate change after LGM: postglacial northward colonization, with strict altitudinal segregation of both phylogroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Gutiérrez-Tapia
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago 6513677, Chile
| | - R Eduardo Palma
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago 6513677, Chile
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Di Virgilio G, Laffan SW, Ebach MC, Chapple DG. Spatial variation in the climatic predictors of species compositional turnover and endemism. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:3264-78. [PMID: 25473479 PMCID: PMC4222213 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research focusing on broad-scale or geographically invariant species-environment dependencies suggest that temperature-related variables explain more of the variation in reptile distributions than precipitation. However, species-environment relationships may exhibit considerable spatial variation contingent upon the geographic nuances that vary between locations. Broad-scale, geographically invariant analyses may mask this local variation and their findings may not generalize to different locations at local scales. We assess how reptile-climatic relationships change with varying spatial scale, location, and direction. Since the spatial distributions of diversity and endemism hotspots differ for other species groups, we also assess whether reptile species turnover and endemism hotspots are influenced differently by climatic predictors. Using New Zealand reptiles as an example, the variation in species turnover, endemism and turnover in climatic variables was measured using directional moving window analyses, rotated through 360°. Correlations between the species turnover, endemism and climatic turnover results generated by each rotation of the moving window were analysed using multivariate generalized linear models applied at national, regional, and local scales. At national-scale, temperature turnover consistently exhibited the greatest influence on species turnover and endemism, but model predictive capacity was low (typically r (2) = 0.05, P < 0.001). At regional scales the relative influence of temperature and precipitation turnover varied between regions, although model predictive capacity was also generally low. Climatic turnover was considerably more predictive of species turnover and endemism at local scales (e.g., r (2) = 0.65, P < 0.001). While temperature turnover had the greatest effect in one locale (the northern North Island), there was substantial variation in the relative influence of temperature and precipitation predictors in the remaining four locales. Species turnover and endemism hotspots often occurred in different locations. Climatic predictors had a smaller influence on endemism. Our results caution against assuming that variability in temperature will always be most predictive of reptile biodiversity across different spatial scales, locations and directions. The influence of climatic turnover on the species turnover and endemism of other taxa may exhibit similar patterns of spatial variation. Such intricate variation might be discerned more readily if studies at broad scales are complemented by geographically variant, local-scale analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Virgilio
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Shawn W Laffan
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Malte C Ebach
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - David G Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia ; Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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