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Jin S, Lv Z, Kang L, Wang J, Tan C, Shen L, Wang L, Liu J. Next generation of neurological therapeutics: Native and bioengineered extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells. Asian J Pharm Sci 2022; 17:779-797. [PMID: 36600903 PMCID: PMC9800941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs)-based cell-free therapy, particularly stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (SC-EVs), offers new insights into treating a series of neurological disorders and becomes a promising candidate for alternative stem cell regenerative therapy. Currently, SC-EVs are considered direct therapeutic agents by themselves and/or dynamic delivery systems as they have a similar regenerative capacity of stem cells to promote neurogenesis and can easily load many functional small molecules to recipient cells in the central nervous system. Meanwhile, as non-living entities, SC-EVs avoid the uncontrollability and manufacturability limitations of live stem cell products in vivo (e.g., low survival rate, immune response, and tumorigenicity) and in vitro (e.g., restricted sources, complex preparation processes, poor quality control, low storage, shipping instability, and ethical controversy) by strict quality control system. Moreover, SC-EVs can be engineered or designed to enhance further overall yield, increase bioactivity, improve targeting, and extend their half-life. Here, this review provides an overview on the biological properties of SC-EVs, and the current progress in the strategies of native or bioengineered SC-EVs for nerve injury repairing is presented. Then we further summarize the challenges of recent research and perspectives for successful clinical application to advance SC-EVs from bench to bedside in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Jin
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Frontier Technology of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian Engineering Research Center for Genetic Variation Detection of Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms, Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian 116085, China
| | - Zhongyue Lv
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Frontier Technology of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian Engineering Research Center for Genetic Variation Detection of Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms, Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian 116085, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Frontier Technology of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian Engineering Research Center for Genetic Variation Detection of Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms, Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian 116085, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Frontier Technology of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian Engineering Research Center for Genetic Variation Detection of Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms, Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian 116085, China
| | - Chengcheng Tan
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Frontier Technology of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian Engineering Research Center for Genetic Variation Detection of Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms, Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian 116085, China
| | - Liming Shen
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Frontier Technology of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian Engineering Research Center for Genetic Variation Detection of Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms, Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian 116085, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Frontier Technology of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian Engineering Research Center for Genetic Variation Detection of Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms, Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian 116085, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jing Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Frontier Technology of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian Engineering Research Center for Genetic Variation Detection of Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms, Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian 116085, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Tu MJ, Yi CM, Traber GM, Yu AM. Bioengineered RNA Therapy in Patient-Derived Organoids and Xenograft Mouse Models. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2521:191-206. [PMID: 35732999 PMCID: PMC9484490 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2441-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic RNAs, such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), aptamers, small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRs or miRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and guide RNAs (gRNAs), represent a novel class of modalities that not only increase the molecular diversity of medications but also expand the range of druggable targets. To develop noncoding RNA therapeutics for the treatment of cancer diseases, we have established a novel robust RNA bioengineering platform to achieve high-yield and large-scale production of true biologic RNA agents, which are proven to be functional in the control of target gene expression and effective in the management of tumor progression in various models. Herein, we describe the methods for bioengineered RNA (BioRNA or BERA) therapy in patient-derived organoids (PDOs) in vitro and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models in vivo. The efficacy of a BioRNA, miR-1291, in the inhibition of pancreatic cancer PDO and PDX growth is exemplified in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Juan Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Colleen M Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Gavin M Traber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Deng L, Petrek H, Tu MJ, Batra N, Yu AX, Yu AM. Bioengineered miR-124-3p prodrug selectively alters the proteome of human carcinoma cells to control multiple cellular components and lung metastasis in vivo. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3950-3965. [PMID: 35024318 PMCID: PMC8727917 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the understanding of microRNA (miRNA or miR) functions in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis, efforts are underway to develop new miRNA-based therapies. Very recently, we demonstrated effectiveness of a novel humanized bioengineered miR-124-3p prodrug in controlling spontaneous lung metastasis in mouse models. This study was to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which miR-124-3p controls tumor metastasis. Proteomics study identified a set of proteins selectively and significantly downregulated by bioengineered miR-124-3p in A549 cells, which were assembled into multiple cellular components critical for metastatic potential. Among them, plectin (PLEC) was verified as a new direct target for miR-124-3p that links cytoskeleton components and junctions. In miR-124-3p-treated lung cancer and osteosarcoma cells, protein levels of vimentin, talin 1 (TLN1), integrin beta-1 (ITGB1), IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), cadherin 2 or N-cadherin (CDH2), and junctional adhesion molecule A (F11R or JAMA or JAM1) decreased, causing remodeling of cytoskeletons and disruption of cell-cell junctions. Furthermore, miR-124-3p sharply suppressed the formation of focal adhesion plaques, leading to reduced cell adhesion capacity. Additionally, efficacy and safety of biologic miR-124-3p therapy was established in an aggressive experimental metastasis mouse model in vivo. These results connect miR-124-3p-PLEC signaling to other elements in the control of cytoskeleton, cell junctions, and adhesion essential for cancer cell invasion and extravasation towards metastasis, and support the promise of miR-124 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Hannah Petrek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Mei-Juan Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Neelu Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ai-Xi Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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