1
|
Shimizu Y, Inoue M, Yasuda N, Yamagishi K, Iwasaki M, Tsugane S, Sawada N. Bowel movement frequency, stool consistency, and risk of disabling dementia: a population-based cohort study in Japan. Public Health 2023; 221:31-38. [PMID: 37392635 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This population-based study aimed to evaluate the association between bowel habits from midlife and dementia. STUDY DESIGN This was a cohort study using certification records for national long-term care insurance in Japan. METHODS Participants aged 50 to 79 years who reported bowel habits from eight districts within the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study) were followed from 2006 to 2016 for incident dementia. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated for men and women separately using Cox proportional hazards models accounting for various lifestyle factors and medical histories. RESULTS Among 19,396 men and 22,859 women, 1889 men and 2685 women were diagnosed with dementia. In men, the multivariable-adjusted HRs compared with bowel movement frequency (BMF) of once/day were 1.00 (95% CI: 0.87-1.14) for twice/day or more, 1.38 (1.16-1.65) for 5-6 times/week, 1.46 (1.18-1.80) for 3-4 times/week, and 1.79 (1.34-2.39) for <3 times/week (P for trend <0.001). In women, the corresponding HRs were 1.14 (0.998-1.31), 1.03 (0.91-1.17), 1.16 (1.01-1.33), and 1.29 (1.08-1.55) (P for trend = 0.043). Harder stool was associated with higher risk (P for trend: 0.0030 for men and 0.024 for women), with adjusted HRs compared to normal stool of 1.30 (1.08-1.57) for hard stool and 2.18 (1.23-3.85) for very hard stool in men, and 1.15 (1.002-1.32) and 1.84 (1.29-2.63) in women. CONCLUSIONS Lower BMF and harder stool were each associated with higher risk of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Shimizu
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Inoue
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Yasuda
- Department of Public Health, Kochi University Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - K Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan; National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - N Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hudgens S, Ramage J, Kulke M, Bergsland E, Anthony L, Caplin M, Öberg K, Pavel M, Gable J, Banks P, Yang QM, Lapuerta P. Evaluation of meaningful change in bowel movement frequency for patients with carcinoid syndrome. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2019; 3:64. [PMID: 31655936 PMCID: PMC6815313 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-019-0153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carcinoid syndrome is associated with a reduced quality of life that can be attributed to symptoms such as diarrhea and fatigue as well as social and financial issues. This study was conducted to psychometrically assess meaningful change in bowel movement frequency among carcinoid syndrome patients using data from the TELESTAR clinical study. Methods An anchor-based approach for deriving meaningful change thresholds consisted of mapping change from baseline bowel movement frequency to other patient-reported assessments of change. These included the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire - Core Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) Diarrhea Symptom responders, the EORTC Gastrointestinal NET questionnaire (GI.NET21) GI Symptom responders, and reported adequate relief at Week 12 (≥ 10-point score decrease from Day 1 to Week 12). Parameters included within-group mean change from baseline to Week 12, t-tests of the change (Wilcoxon rank sum for adequate relief), and effect size. Results There were 135 carcinoid syndrome patients with a mean baseline frequency of 5.7 bowel movements a day. A distribution-based method yielded meaningful change estimates of 0.62 bowel movements a day for overall frequency and 0.83 bowel movements a day at Week 12. Anchor-based analysis indicated a large effect size among patients who reported adequate relief at Week 12 (− 1.58; n = 18; P = 0.014), the QLQ-C30 Diarrhea domain responders (− 1.24; n = 40; P < 0.001), and the GI.NET21 GI Symptoms Domain responders (− 1.49; n = 25; P = 0.005). Exit interview data for meaningful change yielded effect size estimates of − 1.57 for overall change during the Double-blind Treatment Period and − 1.97 for change between Baseline and Week 12. Conclusions Meaningful change derivation is critical to interpret patient outcomes for evaluating treatment efficacy. In this study, carcinoid syndrome patients experienced clinically meaningful reductions in bowel movement frequency of ≥30% over 12 weeks with telotristat ethyl treatment. Trial registration NCT01677910.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacie Hudgens
- CEO & Strategic Lead, Quantitative Science, Clinical Outcomes Solutions, 1790 E. River Rd, Suite 205, Tucson, AZ, 85718, USA.
| | - John Ramage
- Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Aldermaston Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG24 9NA, UK
| | - Matthew Kulke
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Emily Bergsland
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1450 3rd St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Lowell Anthony
- University of Kentucky, 410 Administration Dr, Lexington, KY, 40508, USA
| | - Martyn Caplin
- Royal Free Hospital, Pond St, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | | | - Marianne Pavel
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathon Gable
- CEO & Strategic Lead, Quantitative Science, Clinical Outcomes Solutions, 1790 E. River Rd, Suite 205, Tucson, AZ, 85718, USA
| | - Phillip Banks
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8800 Technology Forest Pl, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Qi Melissa Yang
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8800 Technology Forest Pl, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Pablo Lapuerta
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8800 Technology Forest Pl, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang SC, Shen ZW, Yu CQ, Guo Y, Bian Z, Tan YL, Pei P, Wei YY, Chen F, Chen JS, Chen ZM, Lyu J, Li LM. [Association between the frequency of bowel movements and the risk of colorectal cancer in Chinese adults]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:382-388. [PMID: 31006195 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the association between the frequencies of bowel movement (BMF) and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: In this study, 510 134 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) were included, after excluding those who reported as having been diagnosed with cancer at the baseline survey. The baseline survey was conducted from June 2004 to July 2008. The present study included data from baseline and follow-up until December 31, 2016. We used the Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the HR and the 95%CI of incident CRC with BMF. Results: During an average follow-up period of 9.9 years, 3 056 participants were documented as having developed colorectal cancer. In the site-specific analysis, 1 548 colon cancer and 1 475 rectal cancer were included. Compared with participants who had bowel movements on the daily base, the multivariable-adjusted HR (95%CI) for those who had more than once of BMF were 1.24 (1.12-1.39) for CRC, 1.12 (0.95-1.31) for colon cancer, and 1.37 (1.18-1.59) for rectal cancer. We further examined the association between BMF and CRC, according to the stages of follow-up, the corresponding HR (95%CI) for CRC, colon and rectal cancer were 1.59 (1.36-1.86), 1.43 (1.14- 1.80), and 1.76 (1.41-2.19) for the first five years, while such associations became statistically insignificant in the subsequent follow-up (P for all interactions were <0.05), as time went on. As for CRC, colon or rectal cancers among participants who had lower bowel movements, the risks were not significantly different from those who had bowel movements everyday. Conclusions: Participants who had BMF more than once a day, appeared an increased risk of CRC in the subsequent five years. Since abnormal increase of bowel movements is easily recognizable, programs should be set up on health self- management and early screening for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S C Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Z W Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - C Q Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Z Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y L Tan
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - P Pei
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y Y Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - F Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - J S Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Z M Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - J Lyu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - L M Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oki K, Toyama M, Banno T, Chonan O, Benno Y, Watanabe K. Comprehensive analysis of the fecal microbiota of healthy Japanese adults reveals a new bacterial lineage associated with a phenotype characterized by a high frequency of bowel movements and a lean body type. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:284. [PMID: 27894251 PMCID: PMC5127096 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Japan, a variety of traditional dietary habits and daily routines have developed in many regions. The effects of these behaviors, and the regional differences in the composition of the gut microbiota, are yet to be sufficiently studied. To characterize the Japanese gut microbiota and identify the factors shaping its composition, we conducted 16S metagenomics analysis of fecal samples collected from healthy Japanese adults residing in various regions of Japan. Each participant also completed a 94-question lifestyle questionnaire. Results We collected fecal samples from 516 healthy Japanese adults (325 females, 191 males; age, 21–88). Heatmap and biplot analyses based on the bacterial family composition of the fecal microbiota showed that subjects’ region of residence or gender were not strongly correlated with the general composition of the fecal microbiota. Although clustering analysis for the whole cohort did not reveal any distinct clusters, two enterotype-like clusters were observed in the male, but not the female, subjects. In the whole subject population, the scores for bowel movement frequency were significantly correlated with the abundances of Christensenellaceae, Mogibacteriaceae, and Rikenellaceae in the fecal microbiota (P < 0.001). These three bacterial families were also significantly more abundant (P < 0.05 or 0.01) in lean subjects (body mass index (BMI) < 25) than in obese subjects (BMI > 30), which is consistent with previously published results. However, a previously reported correlation between BMI and bowel movement frequency was not observed. In addition, the abundances of these three families were positively correlated with each other and comprised a correlative network with 14 other bacterial families. Conclusions The present study showed that the composition of the fecal microbiota of healthy Japanese adults at the national level was not strongly correlated with subjects’ area of residence or gender. In addition, enterotype partitioning was ambiguous in this cohort of healthy Japanese adults. Finally, the results implied that the abundances of Christensenellaceae, Mogibacteriaceae, and Rikenellaceae, along with several other bacterial components that together comprised a correlative network, contributed to a phenotype characterized by a high frequency of bowel movements and a lean body type. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0898-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaihei Oki
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan.
| | - Mutsumi Toyama
- Benno Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Taihei Banno
- Benno Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Osamu Chonan
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Benno
- Benno Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| |
Collapse
|