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Lei L, Wang X, Zhang J, Yin J, Xu Q, Wang T, Jin Y, Wang A. Lipopolysaccharides of Brucella suis S2 Impaired the Process of Decidualization in Early Pregnancy in Mice. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:662. [PMID: 37999525 PMCID: PMC10675612 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a notorious zoonotic disease caused by Brucella, which can lead to reproductive diseases in humans and animals, such as infertility and abortion. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the main virulence factor of Brucella. LPS derived from Brucella are different and non-classical and are less toxic and less active than LPS isolated from E. coli. However, the effects and possible mechanisms of Brucella LPS-caused pregnancy loss remain to be revealed. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Brucella suis S2 LPS on early pregnancy loss in mice. The results indicated that embryo implantation failure was induced by Brucella LPS treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The injection of Brucella LPS mainly resulted in fibrinolysis in the decidual area of the uterus on the 6th day post coition (dpc), infiltration of large granular cells among the decidual cells near the embryo on the 8th dpc, a large number of gaps in the decidual area, and cell necrosis around the embryo. In addition, the expression of Cyclin D3 mRNA in the uterus on the 7th and 8th dpc and IGFBP-1 mRNA and the progesterone receptor in the uterus on the 6th and 7th dpc were also inhibited. Moreover, the expression of decidualization marker Cyclin D3 and decidualization prolactin-associated protein (dPRP) in endometrial stromal cells were also inhibited by Brucella LPS treatment in vitro. In summary, Brucella LPS affect the process of endometrial decidualization in mice by affecting the structure of the decidua and the expression of decidual marker factors in endometrial stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjie Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.L.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.X.); (T.W.); (Y.J.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiangguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.L.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.X.); (T.W.); (Y.J.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jianpo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.L.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.X.); (T.W.); (Y.J.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.L.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.X.); (T.W.); (Y.J.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.L.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.X.); (T.W.); (Y.J.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.L.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.X.); (T.W.); (Y.J.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.L.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.X.); (T.W.); (Y.J.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.L.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.X.); (T.W.); (Y.J.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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Hao M, Wang M, Tang T, Zhao D, Yin S, Shi Y, Liu X, Wudong G, Yang Y, Zhang M, Qi L, Zhou D, Liu W, Jin Y, Wang A. Regulation of the Gene for Alanine Racemase Modulates Amino Acid Metabolism with Consequent Alterations in Cell Wall Properties and Adhesive Capability in Brucella spp. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16145. [PMID: 38003334 PMCID: PMC10671322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella, a zoonotic facultative intracellular pathogenic bacterium, poses a significant threat both to human health and to the development of the livestock industry. Alanine racemase (Alr), the enzyme responsible for alanine racemization, plays a pivotal role in regulating virulence in this bacterium. Moreover, Brucella mutants with alr gene deletions (Δalr) exhibit potential as vaccine candidates. However, the mechanisms that underlie the detrimental effects of alr knockouts on Brucella pathogenicity remain elusive. Here, initially, we conducted a bioinformatics analysis of Alr, which demonstrated a high degree of conservation of the protein within Brucella spp. Subsequent metabolomics studies unveiled alterations in amino acid pathways following deletion of the alr gene. Furthermore, alr deletion in Brucella suis S2 induced decreased resistance to stress, antibiotics, and other factors. Transmission electron microscopy of simulated macrophage intracellular infection revealed damage to the cell wall in the Δalr strain, whereas propidium iodide staining and alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase assays demonstrated alterations in cell membrane permeability. Changes in cell wall properties were revealed by measurements of cell surface hydrophobicity and zeta potential. Finally, the diminished adhesion capacity of the Δalr strain was shown by immunofluorescence and bacterial enumeration assays. In summary, our findings indicate that the alr gene that regulates amino acid metabolism in Brucella influences the properties of the cell wall, which modulates bacterial adherence capability. This study is the first demonstration that Alr impacts virulence by modulating bacterial metabolism, thereby providing novel insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of Brucella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.H.); (M.W.); (T.T.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.H.); (M.W.); (T.T.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ting Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.H.); (M.W.); (T.T.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Danyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.H.); (M.W.); (T.T.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shurong Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.H.); (M.W.); (T.T.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yong Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.H.); (M.W.); (T.T.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.H.); (M.W.); (T.T.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Gaowa Wudong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.H.); (M.W.); (T.T.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yuanhao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.H.); (M.W.); (T.T.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.H.); (M.W.); (T.T.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lin Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.H.); (M.W.); (T.T.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.H.); (M.W.); (T.T.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.H.); (M.W.); (T.T.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.H.); (M.W.); (T.T.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.H.); (M.W.); (T.T.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
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Hao M, Wang M, Zhao D, Shi Y, Yuan Y, Li J, Zhai Y, Liu X, Zhou D, Chen H, Lin P, Tang K, Liu W, Jin Y, Wang A. Alr Gene in Brucella suis S2: Its Role in Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis and Bacterial Virulence in RAW264.7. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10744. [PMID: 37445922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella suis, the causative agent of brucellosis, poses a significant public health and animal husbandry threat. However, the role of the alanine racemase (alr) gene, which encodes alanine racemase in Brucella, remains unclear. Here, we analyzed an alr deletion mutant and a complemented strain of Brucella suis S2. The knockout strain displayed an unaltered, smooth phenotype in acriflavine agglutination tests but lacked the core polysaccharide portion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Genes involved in the LPS synthesis were significantly upregulated in the deletion mutant. The alr deletion strain exhibited reduced intracellular viability in the macrophages, increased macrophage-mediated killing, and upregulation of the apoptosis markers. Bcl2, an anti-apoptotic protein, was downregulated, while the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3, were upregulated in the macrophages infected with the deletion strain. The infected macrophages showed increased mitochondrial membrane permeability, Cytochrome C release, and reactive oxygen species, activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. These findings revealed that alanine racemase was dispensable in B. suis S2 but influenced the strain's rough features and triggered the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway during macrophage invasion. The deletion of the alr gene reduced the intracellular survival and virulence. This study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying Brucella's survival and virulence and, specifically, how alr gene affects host immune evasion by regulating bacterial LPS biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Danyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yong Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Junmei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yunyi Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Keqiong Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
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Zhi F, Fang J, Zheng W, Li J, Zhang G, Zhou D, Jin Y, Wang A. A Brucella Omp16 Conditional Deletion Strain Is Attenuated in BALB/c Mice. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:6-14. [PMID: 34675138 PMCID: PMC9628832 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2107.07016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brucella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens that invade, survive and proliferate in numerous phagocytic and non-phagocytic cell types, thereby leading to human and animal brucellosis. Outer membrane proteins (Omps) are major immunogenic and protective antigens that are implicated in Brucella virulence. A strain deleted of the omp16 gene has not been obtained which suggests that the Omp16 protein is vital for Brucella survival. Nevertheless, we previously constructed an omp16 conditional deletion strain of Brucella, ΔOmp16. Here, the virulence and immune response elicted by this strain were assessed in a mouse model of infection. Splenomegaly was significantly reduced at two weeks post-infection in ΔOmp16-infected mice compared to infection with the parental strain. The bacterial load in the spleen also was significantly decreased at this post-infection time point in ΔOmp16-infected mice. Histopathological changes in the spleen were observed via hematoxylineosin staining and microscopic examination which showed that infection with the ΔOmp16 strain alleviated spleen histopathological alterations compared to mice infected with the parental strain. Moreover, the levels of humoral and cellular immunity were similar in both ΔOmp16-infected mice and parental strain-infected mice. The results overall show that the virulence of ΔOmp16 is attenuated markedly, but that the immune responses mediated by the deletion and parental strains in mice are indistinguishable. The data provide important insights that illuminate the pathogenic strategies adopted by Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feijie Zhi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R. China
| | - Jiaoyang Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R. China
| | - Weifang Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R. China
| | - Junmei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R. China
| | - Guangdong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R. China
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +862987082869 E-mail:
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Zhi F, Fang J, Zheng W, Li J, Zhang G, Zhou D, Jin Y, Wang A. A Brucella Omp16 conditional deletion strain is attenuated in BALB/c mice. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021. [PMID: 34675138 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2110.07016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Brucella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens that invade, survive and proliferate in numerous phagocytic and non-phagocytic cell types, thereby leading to human and animal brucellosis. Outer membrane proteins (Omps) are major immunogenic and protective antigens that are implicated in Brucella virulence. A strain deleted of the omp16 gene has not been obtained which suggests that the Omp16 protein is vital for Brucella survival. Nevertheless, we previously constructed an omp16 conditional deletion strain of Brucella, ΔOmp16. Here, the virulence and immune response elicted by this strain were assessed in a mouse model of infection. Splenomegaly was significantly reduced at two weeks post-infection in ΔOmp16-infected mice compared to infection with the parental strain. The bacterial load in the spleen also was significantly decreased at this post-infection time point in ΔOmp16-infected mice. Histopathological changes in the spleen were observed via hematoxylin-eosin staining and microscopic examination which showed that infection with the ΔOmp16 strain alleviated spleen histopathological alterations compared to mice infected with the parental strain. Moreover, the levels of humoral and cellular immunity were similar in both ΔOmp16-infected mice and parental strain-infected mice. The results overall show that the virulence of ΔOmp16 is attenuated markedly, but that the immune responses mediated by the deletion and parental strains in mice are indistinguishable. The data provide important insights that illuminate the pathogenic strategies adopted by Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feijie Zhi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R.China
| | - Jiaoyang Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R.China
| | - Weifang Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R.China
| | - Junmei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R.China
| | - Guangdong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R.China
| | - Dong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R.China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R.China
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R.China
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Zhang G, Zhong F, Chen L, Qin P, Li J, Zhi F, Tian L, Zhou D, Lin P, Chen H, Tang K, Liu W, Jin Y, Wang A. Integrated Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Roles of Brucella Homolog of BAX Inhibitor 1 in Cell Division and Membrane Homeostasis of Brucella suis S2. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:632095. [PMID: 33584633 PMCID: PMC7876416 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.632095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BAX inhibitor 1 (BI-1) is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein first identified in a screening process for human proteins that suppress BAX-induced apoptosis in yeast cells. Eukaryotic BI-1 is a cytoprotective protein that suppresses cell death induced by multiple stimuli in eukaryotes. Brucella, the causative agent of brucellosis that threatens public health and animal husbandry, contains a conserved gene that encodes BI-1-like protein. To explore the role of the Brucella homolog of BI-1, BrBI, in Brucella suis S2, we constructed the brbI deletion mutant strain and its complemented strain. brbI deletion altered the membrane properties of Brucella suis S2 and decreased its resistance to acidic pH, H2O2, polymyxin B, and lincomycin. Additionally, deleting brbI led to defective growth, cell division, and viability in Brucella suis S2. We then revealed the effect of brbI deletion on the physiological characteristics of Brucella suis S2 via integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. The integrated analysis showed that brbI deletion significantly affected the expression of multiple genes at the mRNA and/or protein levels. Specifically, the affected divisome proteins, FtsB, FtsI, FtsL, and FtsQ, may be the molecular basis of the impaired cell division of the brbI mutant strain, and the extensively affected membrane proteins and transporter-associated proteins were consistent with the phenotype of the membrane properties’ alterations of the brbI mutant strain. In conclusion, our results revealed that BrBI is a bacterial cytoprotective protein involved in membrane homeostasis, cell division, and stress resistance in Brucella suis S2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fangli Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Peipei Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Junmei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Feijie Zhi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lulu Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Keqiong Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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7
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Zhi F, Zhou D, Bai F, Li J, Xiang C, Zhang G, Jin Y, Wang A. VceC Mediated IRE1 Pathway and Inhibited CHOP-induced Apoptosis to Support Brucella Replication in Goat Trophoblast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174104. [PMID: 31443507 PMCID: PMC6747397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectors of the type IV secretion system (T4SS) of bacteria play important roles in mediating bacterial intracellular proliferation and manipulating host-related pathway responses to bacterial infection. Brucella Spp. inhibit the apoptosis of host cells to benefit their own intracellular proliferation. However, the underlying mechanisms between T4SS effectors and Brucella-inhibited apoptosis in goat trophoblast cells remain unclear. Here, based on Brucella suis vaccine strain 2, the VceC was deleted by allelic exchange. We show that ΔVceC was able to infect and proliferate to high titers in goat trophoblast cells (GTCs) and increase C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP)-mediated apoptosis. GRP78 expression decreased upon ΔVceC infection. In addition, we discovered that the inositolrequiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathway was inhibited in this process. Changing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress affected Brucella intracellular replication in GTCs. The replication of ΔVceC was more sensitive under the different ERstress conditions in the GTC line after treatment with ER stress inhibitors 4 phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) or ER stress activator Tm. Together, our findings show that VceC has a protective effect on the intracellular persistence of Brucella infection, and inhibits ER stress-induced apoptosis in the CHOP pathway. The present work provides new insights for understanding the mechanism of VceC in the establishment of chronic Brucella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feijie Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Furong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Junmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Caixia Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Guangdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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8
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Wang X, Li Z, Li B, Chi H, Li J, Fan H, Yao R, Li Q, Dong X, Chen M, Qu H, Wang Y, Gao W, Wang Y, Sun Y, Sun R, Qian J, Xia Z. Bioluminescence Imaging of Colonization and Clearance Dynamics of Brucella Suis Vaccine Strain S2 in Mice and Guinea Pigs. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 18:519-26. [PMID: 26846129 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0925-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to develop a plasmid-based lux bio-reporter for use to obtain in vivo images of Brucella suis vaccine strain 2 (B.suis S2) infection with high resolution and good definition. PROCEDURES The pBBR-lux (pBBR1MCS-2-lxCDABE) plasmid that carries the luxCDABE operon was introduced into B. suis S2 by electroporation yielding B. suis S2-lux. The spatial and temporal transit of B. suis S2 in mice and guinea pigs was monitored by bioluminescence imaging. RESULTS The plasmid pBBR-lux is stable in vivo and does not appear to impact the virulence or growth of bacteria. This sensitive luciferase reporter could represent B. suis S2 survival in real time. B. suis S2 mainly colonized the lungs, liver, spleen, and uterus in mice and guinea pigs as demonstrated by bioluminescence imaging. CONCLUSION The plasmid-based lux bioreporter strategy can be used to obtain high resolution in vivo images of B. suis S2 infection in mice and guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jinlin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, AMMS, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Jinlin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, AMMS, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Jinlin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, AMMS, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Hang Chi
- Key Laboratory of Jinlin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, AMMS, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Jiakuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jinlin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, AMMS, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Hongchao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Jinlin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, AMMS, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Ruizhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Jinlin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, AMMS, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Qianxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Jinlin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, AMMS, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Xiaolin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Jinlin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, AMMS, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Man Chen
- Key Laboratory of Jinlin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, AMMS, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Han Qu
- Key Laboratory of Jinlin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, AMMS, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jinlin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, AMMS, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Weicun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jinlin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, AMMS, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Yutian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jinlin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, AMMS, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jinlin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, AMMS, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jinlin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, AMMS, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Jinlin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, AMMS, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Zhiping Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jinlin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, AMMS, Changchun, 130122, China.
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