The burden of type 2 diabetes in Australia during the period 1990-2019: Findings from the global burden of disease study

AIMS

To describe morbidity and mortality trends of type 2 diabetes in Australia, from 1990 to 2019, compared with similar sociodemographic index (SDI) countries.

METHODS

Australia-specific Global Burden of Diseases data were used to estimate age-standardised, age-specific, and sex-specific rates for prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and deaths due to type 2 diabetes between 1990 and 2019. Australian data were compared with 14 similar SDI countries.

RESULTS

Type 2 diabetes increased in Australia between 1990 and 2019. The age-standardised prevalence increased from 1,985 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1,786.7-2195.3] per 100,000 population, to 3,429 [95% CI 3,053.3-3,853.7]. Cases tripled, from 379,532 [342,465-419,475] to 1,307,261 [1,165,522-1,461,180]. The age-standardised death rates doubled, from 2,098 [1,953-2,203] per 100,000, to 4,122 [3,617-4,512]. DALYs doubled, from 70,348 [59,187-83,500] to 169,763 [129,792-216,150], with increases seen in YLDs and YLLs. Men displayed higher rates. Compared to similar SDI countries, Australia ranked 4th in terms of burden for type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

The burden of type 2 diabetes in Australia has increased considerably over three decades. There is an urgent need to prioritise resource allocation for prevention programs, screening initiatives to facilitate early detection, and effective and accessible management strategies for the large proportion of the population impacted by type 2 diabetes.

Trends in health burden of untreated water and insanitary environments in Iran, 1990-2010: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2010

Background: Water, sanitation and hygiene have a very important role in public health. Poor sanitation is the cause of water contamination, which causes many types of diseases. The aim of this paper was to present the attributable death and disability adjusted life year (DALYs) of untreated water and insanitary environments from 1990 to 2010 in Iran. Methods: In the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study, using the comparative risk assessment, the proportion of death and DALYs attributable to untreated water source and insanitary environment has been calculated in 1990 to 2010. The certain outcomes were intestinal infectious diseases for both untreated water source and insanitary environments. Estimated attributable deaths and DALYs were reported with 95% uncertainty interval (UI). Results: DALY number for untreated water source and insanitary environments was 5838 (95% UI: 198- 14837) in 1990, which decreased to 326 (95% UI: 9-863) in 2010 and the percent of decrease was 94.42%. In addition, DALY rate was 5667 (95% UI: 192-14402) DALY per 100,000 in 1990, which decreased to 453 (95% UI: 13-1199) DALY per 100,000 in 2010 and the percent of the reduction was 92.01%. The greatest percentage of decrease in the attributed number of deaths was also found in the late neonatal age group (95.45%). Conclusion: A significant decrease has occurred in a number of DALYs and deaths between 1990 and 2010, which was attributed to the development of new water systems and environmental sanitations in Iran.