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Hashemi P, Ahmadi S. Alpha-Pinene Exerts Antiseizure Effects by Preventing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in the Hippocampus in a Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Induced by Kainate. Mol Neurobiol 2023. [PMID: 36840843 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and apoptosis following seizures play pivotal roles in the consequences of repeated seizures. Beneficial effects of alpha-pinene (APN) have been reported in some experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases. However, its neuroprotective efficacy in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) induced by kainic acid (KA) has remained unexplored. We aimed to explore the possible antiseizure effects of APN pretreatment and underlying molecular mechanisms in a rat model of TLE induced by KA. TLE was induced in male Wistar rats by intracerebroventricular injection of KA. APN at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day was intraperitoneally injected for 2 weeks before induction of TLE. One day after the induction of TLE, behavioral expressions of seizure were recorded and scored using Racine's scale. Furthermore, the hippocampal levels of oxidative stress markers, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), BCL2-associated X protein (BAX), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein levels were also assessed. Histopathological assessment in the hippocampus was performed with Nissl staining 5 days following induction of TLE. The results revealed that APN pretreatment alleviated epileptic seizures, diminished oxidative stress indicators, blocked the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via decreasing BAX and raising BCL2 protein levels in the hippocampus at least partly through inhibiting JNK activity, and decreased neuronal death in the CA3 and hilus regions. These findings reveal that APN pretreatment mitigates KA-induced seizures by blocking oxidative stress and neuronal damage factors. It can be concluded that APN has a potent potential to be considered an antiseizure medication, but it needs further investigation.
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Sun DS, Zhong G, Cao HX, Hu Y, Hong XY, Li T, Li X, Liu Q, Wang Q, Ke D, Liu GP, Ma RH, Luo DJ. Repeated Restraint Stress Led to Cognitive Dysfunction by NMDA Receptor-Mediated Hippocampal CA3 Dendritic Spine Impairments in Juvenile Sprague-Dawley Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:552787. [PMID: 33192290 PMCID: PMC7604534 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.552787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous studies have indicated that chronic stress causes cognitive dysfunction with the impairment of synaptic structures and functions, the relationship between cognitive deficits induced by repeated restraint stress and the level of NMDA receptors in the subregion of the hippocampus has been relatively unknown until now. In this study, 3-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to repeated restraint stress for seven consecutive days, their cognitive functions were evaluated through behavioral tests, and then they were sacrificed for electrophysiological, morphological, and biochemical assays. Chronic repeated restraint stress led to cognitive and electrophysiological impairments, with a reduced density of dendritic spines. We also found that the protein level of NMDA receptors only increased in the hippocampal CA3 region. Nevertheless, repeated restraint stress-induced cognitive and synaptic dysfunction were effectively reversed by Ro25-6981, an inhibitor of the GluN2B receptor. These findings suggest that repeated restraint stress-induced synaptic and cognitive deficits are probably mediated through NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Gang Zhong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Xia Cao
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Ke
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gong-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rong-Hong Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan-Ju Luo
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Charousaei A, Nasehi M, Babapour V, Vaseghi S, Zarrindast MR. The effect of 5-HT 4 serotonin receptors in the CA3 hippocampal region on D-AP5-induced anxiolytic-like effects: Isobolographic analyses. Behav Brain Res 2020; 397:112933. [PMID: 32991927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows the close relationship between hippocampal glutamatergic and serotonergic systems through the modulation of behavioral responses. This study aimed to investigate the possible involvement of 5-HT4 receptors in the CA3 hippocampal region in anxiolytic-like effects induced by D-AP5 (a competitive antagonist of the glutamate NMDA [N-Methyl-D-aspartate] receptor). Male Wistar rats were placed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) apparatus that is used to assess anxiety-related behaviors, and the percentages of open arm time (%OAT) and open arm entries (%OAE) which are associated with anxiety-related behaviors were measured. The close arm entries (CAE) which is correlated with locomotor activity was also evaluated. The results showed that, intra-CA3 injection of D-AP5 (0.4 μg/rat), RS67333 (1.2 μg/rat; a 5-HT4 receptor agonist), and RS23597-190 (1.2 μg/rat; a 5-HT4 receptor antagonist) increased %OAT and %OAE, indicating the anxiolytic-like effect of these drugs. Also, only RS23597-190 (1.2 μg/rat) decreased CAE. Intra-CA3 injection of sub-threshold dose of RS67333 (0.012 μg/rat) or RS23597-190 (0.012 μg/rat), 5 min before the injection of D-AP5 (0.2 μg/rat) increased %OAT, indicating potentiating the anxiolytic-like effect of D-AP5. The isobolographic analyses also showed the additive or synergistic anxiolytic-like effect of intra-CA3 co-administration of D-AP5 with RS67333 or RS23597-190, respectively. In conclusion, CA3 5-HT4 receptors are involved in D-AP5-induced anxiolytic-like behaviors in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Charousaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahab Babapour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroendocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jackson MB. Hebbian and non-Hebbian timing-dependent plasticity in the hippocampal CA3 region. Hippocampus 2020; 30:1241-1256. [PMID: 32818312 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The timing between synaptic inputs has been proposed to play a role in the induction of plastic changes that enable neural circuits to store information. In the case of spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), this relates to the interval between a synaptic input and a postsynaptic spike, thus providing a conceptual link to the Hebb learning rule. Experiments have documented STDP in many synapses and brain regions, and computational models have tested its utility in many neural network functions. However, questions remain about whether timing plays a role in plasticity during natural activity, and whether it can function in information storage. The present study used imaging with voltage sensitive dye to investigate the effectiveness of input timing in the plasticity of responses in the CA3 region of hippocampal slices. Plasticity was induced by sequential dual-site stimulation at 10 ms intervals of either synaptic inputs and cell bodies (synaptic-somatic induction) or of two sets of synaptic inputs (synaptic-synaptic induction). Both protocols potentiated responses, with greater potentiation of responses to the first stimulation of the sequence than the second. Neither of these protocols induced depression. Synaptic-somatic stimulation was much more effective than synaptic-synaptic stimulation in evoking somatic action potentials, but both protocols potentiated responses equally well. This suggests that sequential dual-site stimulation can potentiate equally well with very different degrees of somatic action potential firing. With synaptic-somatic induction, potentiation was focused at the sites of stimulation. In contrast, with synaptic-synaptic induction, the distribution of potentiation varied greatly. Changes in the spatial distribution of responses indicated that sequential dual-site stimulation functions poorly in the storage of activity patterns. These results suggest that in the hippocampal CA3 region, timed sequential activation of two inputs is less effective than theta bursts, both in the induction of LTP and in the storage of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meyer B Jackson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Farzaneh M, Sayyah M, Eshraghi HR, Panahi N, Mirzapourdelavar H, Gholami Pourbadie H. The Lentiviral Vector Pseudotyped by Modified Rabies Glycoprotein Does Not Cause Reactive Gliosis and Neurodegeneration in Rat Hippocampus. Iran Biomed J 2019. [PMID: 31103020 PMCID: PMC6661131 DOI: 10.29252/.23.5.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background A human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-based lentiviral vector (LV) pseudotyped by a variant of rabies envelope glycoprotein, FUG-B2, has previously been prepared and used in transfection of hippocampal CA1 ("Cornu Ammonis" area 1) neurons. This study aimed to verify reactive gliosis and neuronal damage after injection of the vector into the rat hippocampus. Methods HEK 293T cells were transfected with transfer (fck-Jaws-GFP-ER2), envelope (FUG-B2), and packaging (pMDLg/pRRE, pRSV-Rev) plasmids, and the vector was injected into CA1 of the rat hippocampus. After one week, transduction efficiency, and the number of neuronal and astroglial cells were determined in CA1 and CA3 by double staining of the brain slices. Results Hippocampal cells were successfully transfected as 92.7% of CA1 and 95.8% of CA3 neuronal cells expressed GFP. The frequency of neuronal and astroglial cells in CA1 and CA3 of the vector-injected rats remained unchanged compared to those in the control and the saline-injected rats. Furthermore, no morphological change was found in hippocampal astrocytes and neuronal cells. Conclusion The HIV-1-based LV pseudotyped by FUG-B2 is safe
and does not cause neuroinflammation and neuronal loss once directly delivered into the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Farzaneh
- Department of Pharmacology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sayyah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran ,Corresponding Author: Mohammad Sayyah , Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Tel.: (+98-21) 64112263; Fax: (+98-21) 64112834; E-mail:
| | - Hamid Reza Eshraghi
- Department of Pharmacology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Panahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Aranda L. Expression of c-Fos protein in medial septum/diagonal band of Broca and CA3 region, associated with the temporary inactivation of the supramammillary area. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 74:11-7. [PMID: 26802745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The supramammillary (SuM) area is part of the diencephalic nuclei comprising the mammillary bodies, and is a key structure in the memory and spatial learning processes. It is a critical region in the modulation/generation of hippocampal theta rhythm. In addition, many papers have recently shown a clear involvement of this structure in the processes of spatial learning and memory in animal models, although it is still not known how it modulates spatial navigation and response emotional. The aim of the present research was to study the effect of the temporary inactivation of the SuM area on synaptic plasticity of crucial structures in the formation of spatial memory and emotional response. Sprague-Dawley rats were asigned in three groups: a control group where the animals were not subjected to any treatment, and two groups where the rats received microinjections of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the SuM area (5ng diluted in 0.5μl of saline) or saline (0.5μl). The microinjections were administered 90min before the perfusion. Later, cellular activity in medial septum/diagonal band of Broca (MS/DBB) and CA3 region of the dorsal hippocampus was assessed, by measuring the immediate early gene c-fos. The results show a clear hiperactivity cellular in medial septum/diagonal band of Broca and a clear hypoactivity cellular in the CA3 region of the hippocampus when there was a functional inactivation of the SuM area. It suggests that the SuM area seems to be part of the connection and information input pathways to CA3 region of the hippocampal formation, key for proper functioning in spatial memory and emotional response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Aranda
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucia Tech, Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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Ramezani M, Darbandi N, Khodagholi F, Hashemi A. Myricetin protects hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons and improves learning and memory impairments in rats with Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1976-1980. [PMID: 28197195 PMCID: PMC5270437 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.197141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no treatment for effectively slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease, so early prevention is very important. Numerous studies have shown that flavonoids can improve memory impairment. The present study investigated the effects of myricetin, a member of the flavonoids, on intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced neuronal loss and memory impairment in rat models of Alzheimer's disease. Myricetin at 5 or 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected into rats over 21 days. Control rats were treated with 10 mL/kg saline. Behavioral test (the shuttle box test) was performed on day 22 to examine learning and memory in rats. Immediately after that, hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe the morphological change in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons. Myricetin greatly increased the number of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons and improved learning and memory impairments in rats with Alzheimer's disease. These findings suggest that myricetin is beneficial for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Ramezani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Darbandi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Hashemi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
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Tsintsadze V, Minlebaev M, Suchkov D, Cunningham MO, Khazipov R. Ontogeny of kainate-induced gamma oscillations in the rat CA3 hippocampus in vitro. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:195. [PMID: 26041996 PMCID: PMC4438719 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAergic inhibition, which is instrumental in the generation of hippocampal gamma oscillations, undergoes significant changes during development. However, the development of hippocampal gamma oscillations remains largely unknown. Here, we explored the developmental features of kainate-induced oscillations (KA-Os) in CA3 region of rat hippocampal slices. Up to postnatal day P5, the bath application of kainate failed to evoke any detectable oscillations. KA-Os emerged by the end of the first postnatal week; these were initially weak, slow (20-25 Hz, beta range) and were poorly synchronized with CA3 units and synaptic currents. Local field potential (LFP) power, synchronization of units and frequency of KA-Os increased during the second postnatal week to attain gamma (30-40 Hz) frequency by P15-21. Both beta and gamma KA-Os are characterized by alternating sinks and sources in the pyramidal cell layer, likely generated by summation of the action potential-associated currents and GABAergic synaptic currents, respectively. Blockade of GABA(A) receptors with gabazine completely suppressed KA-Os at all ages indicating that GABAergic mechanisms are instrumental in their generation. Bumetanide, a NKCC1 chloride co-transporter antagonist which renders GABAergic responses inhibitory in the immature hippocampal neurons, failed to induce KA-Os at P2-4 indicating that the absence of KA-Os in neonates is not due to depolarizing actions of GABA. The linear developmental profile, electrographic features and pharmacological properties indicate that CA3 hippocampal beta and gamma KA-Os are fundamentally similar in their generative mechanisms and their delayed onset and developmental changes likely reflect the development of perisomatic GABAergic inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Tsintsadze
- INMED, INSERM U-901 Marseille, France ; Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France
| | - Marat Minlebaev
- INMED, INSERM U-901 Marseille, France ; Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France ; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russia
| | - Dimitry Suchkov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russia
| | - Mark O Cunningham
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Roustem Khazipov
- INMED, INSERM U-901 Marseille, France ; Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France ; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russia
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Liu S, Shen G, Deng S, Wang X, Wu Q, Guo A. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves cognitive functioning after brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:3334-43. [PMID: 25206655 PMCID: PMC4145948 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.35.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been widely applied and recognized in the treatment of brain injury; however, the correlation between the protective effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and changes of metabolites in the brain remains unclear. To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on cognitive functioning in rats, we established traumatic brain injury models using Feeney's free falling method. We treated rat models with hyperbaric oxygen therapy at 0.2 MPa for 60 minutes per day. The Morris water maze test for spatial navigation showed that the average escape latency was significantly prolonged and cognitive function decreased in rats with brain injury. After treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy for 1 and 2 weeks, the rats’ spatial learning and memory abilities were improved. Hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis showed that the N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratio in the hippocampal CA3 region was significantly increased at 1 week, and the N-acetylaspartate/choline ratio was significantly increased at 2 weeks after hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Nissl staining and immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of nerve cells and Nissl bodies in the hippocampal CA3 region was significantly increased, and glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells were decreased after a 2-week hyperbaric oxygen therapy treatment. Our findings indicate that hyperbaric oxygen therapy significantly improves cognitive functioning in rats with traumatic brain injury, and the potential mechanism is mediated by metabolic changes and nerve cell restoration in the hippocampal CA3 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangyu Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shukun Deng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiubin Wang
- Department of Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qinfeng Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aisong Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
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Evstratova A, Tóth K. Information processing and synaptic plasticity at hippocampal mossy fiber terminals. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:28. [PMID: 24550783 PMCID: PMC3912358 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Granule cells of the dentate gyrus receive cortical information and they transform and transmit this code to the CA3 area via their axons, the mossy fibers (MFs). Structural and functional complexity of this network has been extensively studied at various organizational levels. This review is focused on the anatomical and physiological properties of the MF system. We will discuss the mechanism by which dentate granule cells process signals from single action potentials (APs), short bursts and longer stimuli. Various parameters of synaptic interactions at different target cells such as quantal transmission, short- and long-term plasticity (LTP) will be summarized. Different types of synaptic contacts formed by MFs have unique sets of rules for information processing during different rates of granule cell activity. We will investigate the complex interactions between key determinants of information transfer between the dentate gyrus and the CA3 area of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesya Evstratova
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Quebec Mental Health Institute, Université Laval Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Katalin Tóth
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Quebec Mental Health Institute, Université Laval Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Tewari S, Parpura V. A possible role of astrocytes in contextual memory retrieval: An analysis obtained using a quantitative framework. Front Comput Neurosci 2013; 7:145. [PMID: 24204341 PMCID: PMC3817599 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2013.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is central to our understanding of memory formation and retrieval. Its CA1 region is known for encoding contextual memory. Here, using a computational approach, which embeds existing physiological data, we propose a particular role of astrocytes in contextual memory retrieval. We provide a quantitative framework under which the astrocyte modulates the firing of a context-associated CA1 pyramidal neurons, resulting in a prominent tuning of neurons to a delta rhythm. Using the very framework, we further studied astrocytic function in the modulation of neuronal firing under pathological conditions, i.e., during astrocytic induction of epileptiform discharge in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Thus, we provide a quantitative framework that would aid understanding of the Schaffer collateral-CA1 tripartite synapse in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivendra Tewari
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA ; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA
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12
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Van Kempen TA, Kahlid S, Gonzalez AD, Spencer-Segal JL, Tsuda MC, Ogawa S, McEwen BS, Waters EM, Milner TA. Sex and estrogen receptor expression influence opioid peptide levels in the mouse hippocampal mossy fiber pathway. Neurosci Lett 2013; 552:66-70. [PMID: 23933204 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The opioid peptides, dynorphin (DYN) and enkephalin (L-ENK) are contained in the hippocampal mossy fiber pathway where they modulate synaptic plasticity. In rats, the levels of DYN and L-ENK immunoreactivity (-ir) are increased when estrogen levels are elevated (Torres-Reveron et al., 2008, 2009). Here, we used quantitative immunocytochemistry to examine whether opioid levels are similarly regulated in wildtype (WT) mice over the estrous cycle, and how these compared to males. Moreover, using estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta knock-out mice (AERKO and BERKO, respectively), the present study examined the role of ERs in rapid, membrane-initiated (6 h), or slower, nucleus-initiated (48 h) estradiol effects on mossy fiber opioid levels. Unlike rats, the levels of DYN and L-ENK-ir did not change over the estrous cycle. However, compared to males, females had higher levels of DYN-ir in CA3a and L-ENK-ir in CA3b. In WT and BERKO ovariectomized (OVX) mice, neither DYN- nor L-ENK-ir changed following 6 or 48 h estradiol benzoate (EB) administration. However, DYN-ir significantly increased 48 h after EB in the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3b of AERKO mice only. These findings suggest that cyclic hormone levels regulate neither DYN nor L-ENK levels in the mouse mossy fiber pathway as they do in the rat. This may be due to species-specific differences in the mossy fiber pathway. However, in the mouse, DYN levels are regulated by exogenous EB in the absence of ERα possibly via an ERβ-mediated pathway requiring new gene transcription.
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von Wilmsdorff M, Sprick U, Bouvier ML, Schulz D, Schmitt A, Gaebel W. Sex-dependent behavioral effects and morphological changes in the hippocampus after prenatal invasive interventions in rats: implications for animal models of schizophrenia. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2010; 65:209-19. [PMID: 20186306 PMCID: PMC2827709 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322010000200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although schizophrenia affects both human genders, there are gender-dependent differences with respect to age of onset, clinical characteristics, course and prognosis of the disease. METHODS To investigate sex-dependent differences in motor coordination and activity as well as in cognitive and social behavior, we repeatedly tested female (n = 14) and male (n = 12) Fisher rats (postnatal days, PD 56-174) that had received intracerebroventricular injections of kainic acid as well as female (n = 15) and male (n = 16) control animals. The hippocampus was examined histologically. RESULTS Compared to male controls, in the alcove test both female controls and female animals with prenatal intervention spent less time in a dark box before entering an unknown illuminated area. Again, animals that received prenatal injection (particularly females) made more perseveration errors in the T-maze alternation task compared to controls. Female rats exhibited a higher degree of activity than males, suggesting these effects to be sex-dependent. Finally, animals that received prenatal intervention maintained longer lasting social contacts. Histological analyses showed pyramidal cells in the hippocampal area CA3 (in both hemispheres) of control animals to be longer than those found in treated animals. Sex-dependent differences were found in the left hippocampi of control animals and animals after prenatal intervention. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate important differences between males and females in terms of weight gain, response to fear, working memory and social behavior. We also found sex-dependent differences in the lengths of hippocampal neurons. Further studies on larger sample sets with more detailed analyses of morphological changes are required to confirm our data.
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