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Singh H, Singh H, Sharma S, Kaur H, Kaur A, Kaur S, Kaur S, Sahajpal NS, Chaubey A, Shahtaghi NR, Kaur I, Jain SK. Genotoxic and mutagenic potential of 7-methylxanthine: an investigational drug molecule for the treatment of myopia. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:264-273. [PMID: 36594462 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2164011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
7-Methylxanthine (7-MX, CAS No. 552-62-5, purity 99.46%) is the first orally administered drug candidate, which showed anti-myopic activity in different pre-clinical studies. In the present study, we investigated the in-vivo genotoxic and mutagenic toxicity of 7-MX in Wistar rats using comet/single-cell gel electrophoresis, chromosomal aberration and micronucleus assays after oral administration. For the single-dose study (72 h), two doses of 7-MX 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight were selected. For a repeated dose 28 d study, three doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) of 7-MX were selected. The doses were administered via oral gavage in the suspension form. Blood and major vital organs such as bone marrow, lung and liver were used to perform comet/single cell gel electrophoresis, chromosomal aberration, and micronucleus assays. The in-vitro Ames test was performed on TA98 and TA100 strains. In the chromosomal aberration study, a non-significant increase in deformities such as stickiness, ring chromosome, and endoreduplication was observed in bone marrow cells of 7-MX treated groups. These chromosomal alterations were observed upon treatment with doses of 2000 mg/kg single dose for 72 h and 1000 mg/kg repeated dose for 28 d. At a dose of 500 mg/kg, DNA damage in terms of tail length, tail moment, % tail DNA and the olive tail moment was also found to be non-significant in 7-MX treated groups. The Ames test showed the non-mutagenic nature of 7-MX in both strains of TA98 and TA100 of Salmonella typhimurium with or without metabolic activation. Thus, the present work is interesting in view of the non- genotoxicity and non-mutagenicity of repeated doses of 7-MX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Department of Pharmacy, Government Polytechnic College, Amritsar, India
| | - Harmanpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Harmanpreet Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Arvinder Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar India
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar India
| | - Nikhil Shri Sahajpal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Alka Chaubey
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Bionano Genomics Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Navid Reza Shahtaghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Center for Basic and Translational Research in Health Science, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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