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Higuchi Y, Ando M, Kojima F, Yuan J, Hashiguchi A, Yoshimura A, Hiramatsu Y, Nozuma S, Fukumura S, Yahikozawa H, Abe E, Toyoshima I, Sugawara M, Okamoto Y, Matsuura E, Takashima H. Dystonia and Parkinsonism in COA7-related disorders: expanding the phenotypic spectrum. J Neurol 2024; 271:419-430. [PMID: 37750949 PMCID: PMC10769979 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Biallelic mutations in the COA7 gene have been associated with spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy type 3 (SCAN3), and a notable clinical diversity has been observed. We aim to identify the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of COA7-related disorders. METHODS We conducted comprehensive genetic analyses on the COA7 gene within a large group of Japanese patients clinically diagnosed with inherited peripheral neuropathy or cerebellar ataxia. RESULTS In addition to our original report, which involved four patients until 2018, we identified biallelic variants of the COA7 gene in another three unrelated patients, and the variants were c.17A > G (p.D6G), c.115C > T (p.R39W), and c.449G > A (p.C150Y; novel). Patient 1 presented with an infantile-onset generalized dystonia without cerebellar ataxia. Despite experiencing an initial transient positive response to levodopa and deep brain stimulation, he became bedridden by the age of 19. Patient 2 presented with cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, as well as parkinsonism, and showed a slight improvement upon levodopa administration. Dopamine transporter SPECT showed decreased uptake in the bilateral putamen in both patients. Patient 3 exhibited severe muscle weakness, respiratory failure, and feeding difficulties. A haplotype analysis of the mutation hotspot in Japan, c.17A > G (p.D6G), uncovered a common haplotype block. CONCLUSION COA7-related disorders typically encompass a spectrum of conditions characterized by a variety of major (cerebellar ataxia and axonal polyneuropathy) and minor (leukoencephalopathy, dystonia, and parkinsonism) symptoms, but may also display a dystonia-predominant phenotype. We propose that COA7 should be considered as a new causative gene for infancy-onset generalized dystonia, and COA7 gene screening is recommended for patients with unexplained dysfunctions of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Higuchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ando
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Kojima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Junhui Yuan
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hashiguchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Akiko Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yu Hiramatsu
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nozuma
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Shinobu Fukumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Erika Abe
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Akita National Hospital, Yurihonjo, Japan
| | - Itaru Toyoshima
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Akita National Hospital, Yurihonjo, Japan
| | - Masashiro Sugawara
- Department of Neurology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yuji Okamoto
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Eiji Matsuura
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
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Ouchi S, Ishii K, Kosaki K, Suzuki H, Yamada M, Takenouchi T, Tamaoka A. Parkinsonism in spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy caused by adult-onset COA7 variants: a case report. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:211. [PMID: 37264311 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with variants of cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 7 (COA7), a mitochondrial functional-related gene, exhibit symptoms of spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy before the age of 20. However, COA7 variants with parkinsonism or adult-onset type cases have not been described. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a patient who developed cerebellar symptoms and slowly progressive sensory and motor neuropathy in the extremities, similar to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, at age 30, followed by parkinsonism at age 58. Exome analysis revealed COA7 missense mutation in homozygotes (NM_023077.2:c.17A > G, NP_075565.2: p.Asp6Gly). Dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography using a 123I-Ioflupane revealed clear hypo-accumulation in the bilateral striatum. However, 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy showed normal sympathetic nerve function. Levodopa administration improved parkinsonism in this patient. CONCLUSIONS COA7 gene variants may have caused parkinsonism in this case because mitochondrial function-related genes, such as parkin and PINK1, are known causative genes in some familial Parkinson's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Ouchi
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ten'nudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ishii
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ten'nudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi Shinju-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hisato Suzuki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi Shinju-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mamiko Yamada
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi Shinju-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi Shinju-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ten'nudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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Formosa LE, Maghool S, Sharpe AJ, Reljic B, Muellner-Wong L, Stroud DA, Ryan MT, Maher MJ. Mitochondrial COA7 is a heme-binding protein with disulfide reductase activity, which acts in the early stages of complex IV assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110357119. [PMID: 35210360 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110357119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly factors play key roles in the biogenesis of mitochondrial protein complexes, regulating their stabilities, activities, and incorporation of essential cofactors. Cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 7 (COA7) is a metazoan-specific assembly factor, the absence or mutation of which in humans accompanies complex IV assembly defects and neurological conditions. Here, we report the crystal structure of COA7 to 2.4 Å resolution, revealing a banana-shaped molecule composed of five helix-turn-helix (α/α) repeats. COA7 binds heme with micromolar affinity, even though the protein structure does not resemble previously characterized heme-binding proteins. The heme-bound COA7 can redox cycle between oxidation states Fe(II) and Fe(III) and shows disulfide reductase activity toward copper binding assembly factors. We propose that COA7 functions to facilitate the biogenesis of the binuclear copper site (CuA) of complex IV. Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) assembly factor 7 (COA7) is a metazoan-specific assembly factor, critical for the biogenesis of mitochondrial complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase). Although mutations in COA7 have been linked to complex IV assembly defects and neurological conditions such as peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, and leukoencephalopathy, the precise role COA7 plays in the biogenesis of complex IV is not known. Here, we show that loss of COA7 blocks complex IV assembly after the initial step where the COX1 module is built, progression from which requires the incorporation of copper and addition of the COX2 and COX3 modules. The crystal structure of COA7, determined to 2.4 Å resolution, reveals a banana-shaped molecule composed of five helix-turn-helix (α/α) repeats, tethered by disulfide bonds. COA7 interacts transiently with the copper metallochaperones SCO1 and SCO2 and catalyzes the reduction of disulfide bonds within these proteins, which are crucial for copper relay to COX2. COA7 binds heme with micromolar affinity, through axial ligation to the central iron atom by histidine and methionine residues. We therefore propose that COA7 is a heme-binding disulfide reductase for regenerating the copper relay system that underpins complex IV assembly.
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