1
|
Šarac J, Havaš Auguštin D, Šunić I, Lovrić M, Novokmet N, Musić Milanović S, Schell LM, Missoni S. Linking infant size and early growth with maternal lifestyle and breastfeeding - the first year of life in the CRIBS cohort. Ann Hum Biol 2023; 50:332-340. [PMID: 37439599 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2023.2224058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Every third child in Croatia is classed as overweight or obese. Infant growth can represent early warning signs for obesity. AIM To detect early risk factors for obesity by investigating infant size and early growth trajectories and their association with maternal lifestyle and breastfeeding. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Ninety-eight mother-child pairs from the Croatian Islands' Birth Cohort Study (CRIBS) cohort were included in the study. Data were collected from questionnaires and medical records. Growth data were converted to Z-scores using World Health Organisation (WHO) standards and used as the primary outcome. RESULTS Z-score trajectories in the first year of life were in line with WHO standards. A direct link between infant size and maternal socioeconomic status (SES) or breastfeeding was not detected. However, child weight gain in the first 6 months was associated with maternal body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy (p < 0.01). A positive association was also established between breastfeeding and maternal SES and mothers that report an unhealthy diet have heavier children (p < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION Infant size and early growth in Croatia is in line with WHO standards and risk factors for obesity development were detectable in the first year of life, but not highly pronounced. However, more effective BMI monitoring and promotion of a healthy diet and lifestyle of women before and during pregnancy is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Šarac
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Havaš Auguštin
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Šunić
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Lovrić
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
- Know-Center, Graz, Austria
- Chemical codes d.o.o, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Sanja Musić Milanović
- Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, School of Public Health 'Andrija Stampar', University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Saša Missoni
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 'J. J. Strossmayer' University, Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Šarac J, Havaš Auguštin D, Lovrić M, Stryeck S, Šunić I, Novokmet N, Missoni S. A Generation Shift in Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Association with Biological Markers and Health in Dalmatia, Croatia. Nutrients 2021; 13:4564. [PMID: 34960116 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have confirmed the beneficial effect of a Mediterranean diet in mitigating health issues related to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. However, rapid changes in the traditional way of life and the “westernization” of the diet in Mediterranean populations, especially in younger generations, has led to progressive abandonment of healthy dietary patterns. In order to investigate the generation shift in dietary patterns and lifestyle habits in the Mediterranean part of Croatia, we compared two cohorts of 610 women (266 pregnant and 344 non-pregnant) from the same region, but from different age groups. The MDSS score was derived from food frequency questionnaires. The results showed that the young, reproductively active generation (pregnant women) in Dalmatia, Croatia, although having a higher education and socioeconomic status, exhibits a more adverse eating behaviour (lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet) and lifestyle (excessive smoking in pregnancy) than the older population from the same region. Lower MDSS scores across aggregated age groups in both cohorts showed significant association with higher blood lipid levels and higher smoking frequency. In conclusion, Mediterranean diet adherence is associated with biological markers (age, lipid profile) and lifestyle (smoking) in our study, with a more adverse trend observed in the younger generation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Havaš Auguštin D, Šarac J, Lovrić M, Živković J, Malev O, Fuchs N, Novokmet N, Turkalj M, Missoni S. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Maternal Lifestyle during Pregnancy: Island-Mainland Differentiation in the CRIBS Birth Cohort. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082179. [PMID: 32708050 PMCID: PMC7469061 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition and lifestyle in pregnancy are important modifiable factors for both maternal and offspring's health. Although the Mediterranean diet has beneficial effects on health, recent studies have shown low adherence in Europe. This study aimed to assess the Mediterranean diet adherence in 266 pregnant women from Dalmatia, Croatia and to investigate their lifestyle habits and regional differences. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed through two Mediterranean diet scores. Differences in maternal characteristics (diet, education, income, parity, smoking, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), physical activity, contraception) with regards to location and dietary habits were analyzed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. The machine learning approach was used to reveal other potential non-linear relationships. The results showed that adherence to the Mediterranean diet was low to moderate among the pregnant women in this study, with no significant mainland-island differences. The highest adherence was observed among wealthier women with generally healthier lifestyle choices. The most significant mainland-island differences were observed for lifestyle and socioeconomic factors (income, education, physical activity). The machine learning approach confirmed the findings of the conventional statistical method. We can conclude that adverse socioeconomic and lifestyle conditions were more pronounced in the island population, which, together with the observed non-Mediterranean dietary pattern, calls for more effective intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Havaš Auguštin
- Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.F.); (N.N.); (S.M.)
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (D.H.A.); (J.Š.)
| | - Jelena Šarac
- Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.F.); (N.N.); (S.M.)
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (D.H.A.); (J.Š.)
| | - Mario Lovrić
- Department of Translational Medicine, Srebrnjak Children’s Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.L.); (J.Ž.); (O.M.)
- Know-Center, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Živković
- Department of Translational Medicine, Srebrnjak Children’s Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.L.); (J.Ž.); (O.M.)
| | - Olga Malev
- Department of Translational Medicine, Srebrnjak Children’s Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.L.); (J.Ž.); (O.M.)
- Division of Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nives Fuchs
- Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.F.); (N.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Natalija Novokmet
- Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.F.); (N.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Mirjana Turkalj
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergology for Infants and Young Children, Srebrnjak Children’s Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Nursing, Catholic University of Croatia, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, “J. J. Strossmayer” University, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Saša Missoni
- Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.F.); (N.N.); (S.M.)
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, “J. J. Strossmayer” University, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|