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Okura GC, Bharadwaj AG, Waisman DM. Recent Advances in Molecular and Cellular Functions of S100A10. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1450. [PMID: 37892132 PMCID: PMC10604489 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A10 (p11, annexin II light chain, calpactin light chain) is a multifunctional protein with a wide range of physiological activity. S100A10 is unique among the S100 family members of proteins since it does not bind to Ca2+, despite its sequence and structural similarity. This review focuses on studies highlighting the structure, regulation, and binding partners of S100A10. The binding partners of S100A10 were collated and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian C. Okura
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (G.C.O.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Alamelu G. Bharadwaj
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (G.C.O.); (A.G.B.)
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - David M. Waisman
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (G.C.O.); (A.G.B.)
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
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Abbas S, Koch KW. Quantitative Determination of Ca 2+-binding to Ca 2+-sensor Proteins by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3580. [PMID: 33659550 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse and complex molecular recognitions are central elements of signal transduction cascades. The strength and nature of these interaction modes can be determined by different experimental approaches. Among those, Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) offers certain advantages by providing binding constants and thermodynamic parameters from titration series without a need to label or immobilize one or more interaction partners. Furthermore, second messenger homeostasis involving Ca2+-ions requires in particular knowledge about stoichiometries and affinities of Ca2+-binding to Ca2+-sensor proteins or Ca2+-dependent regulators, which can be obtained by employing ITC. We used ITC to measure these parameters for a set of neuronal Ca2+-sensor proteins operating in photoreceptor cells. Here, we present a step wise protocol to (a) measure Ca2+ interaction with the Ca2+-sensor guanylate cyclase-activating protein 1, (b) to design an ITC experiment and prepare samples, (c) to remove Ca2+ nearly completely from Ca2+ binding proteins without using a chelating agent like EGTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seher Abbas
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Biochemistry, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg D-26129, Germany
| | - Karl-Wilhelm Koch
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Biochemistry, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg D-26129, Germany
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Arai T, Nishimiya Y, Ohyama Y, Kondo H, Tsuda S. Calcium-Binding Generates the Semi-Clathrate Waters on a Type II Antifreeze Protein to Adsorb onto an Ice Crystal Surface. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E162. [PMID: 31035615 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydration is crucial for a function and a ligand recognition of a protein. The hydration shell constructed on an antifreeze protein (AFP) contains many organized waters, through which AFP is thought to bind to specific ice crystal planes. For a Ca2+-dependent species of AFP, however, it has not been clarified how 1 mol of Ca2+-binding is related with the hydration and the ice-binding ability. Here we determined the X-ray crystal structure of a Ca2+-dependent AFP (jsAFP) from Japanese smelt, Hypomesus nipponensis, in both Ca2+-bound and -free states. Their overall structures were closely similar (Root mean square deviation (RMSD) of Cα = 0.31 Å), while they exhibited a significant difference around their Ca2+-binding site. Firstly, the side-chains of four of the five Ca2+-binding residues (Q92, D94 E99, D113, and D114) were oriented to be suitable for ice binding only in the Ca2+-bound state. Second, a Ca2+-binding loop consisting of a segment D94–E99 becomes less flexible by the Ca2+-binding. Third, the Ca2+-binding induces a generation of ice-like clathrate waters around the Ca2+-binding site, which show a perfect position-match to the waters constructing the first prism plane of a single ice crystal. These results suggest that generation of ice-like clathrate waters induced by Ca2+-binding enables the ice-binding of this protein.
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Sakane K, Yamaguchi F, Tsuchiya M, Kondo R, Kanayama N, Magari M, Hatano N, Kobayashi R, Tokumitsu H. Interaction of S100A6 with Target Proteins In Vitro and in Living Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1929:367-77. [PMID: 30710285 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9030-6_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
S100A6 is a member of the EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein family, which plays important roles in a wide variety of Ca2+ signaling in the cells, as well as in pathophysiological conditions. Herein, we describe analytical protocols for evaluating the interaction of S100A6 with multiple target proteins in vitro, including biotinylated S100A6 overlay, glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-precipitation, surface plasmon resonance, and a GST-precipitation assay in living cells. These methods will elucidate the detailed molecular mechanisms of S100A6/target interactions and further improve our understanding of the physiological significance of S100A6-mediated Ca2+ signaling. Moreover, they may be used to evaluate other physical S100/target interactions.
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Abstract
The S100 protein family has attracted great interest in the field of biomarker research, and a growing number of studies reveal dysregulation of many of the 21 S100 protein isoforms in various human diseases. In cancer, S100 protein expression has been associated with tumor growth, progression, and response to treatment. Some S100 proteins are also considered candidate therapeutic targets. From an analytical perspective, multiplexed analysis of the family-wide S100 protein expression is challenging due to their relatively small size and high-sequence identity. Here we describe a mass spectrometry method using selected reaction monitoring which enables the targeted, multiplexed detection and quantitation of the entire S100 protein family in cell lines and tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Martínez-Aguilar
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-INCMNSZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mark P Molloy
- Bowel Cancer and Biomarker Research, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St. Leonards, Australia.
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Abstract
S100 proteins are small, mostly dimeric, EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins. Upon Ca2+ binding, a conformational change occurs resulting in the exposure of a shallow hydrophobic binding groove in each subunit. Interestingly, S100 proteins can interact with their partners in two ways: symmetrically, when the two partners identically bind into each groove, or asymmetrically, when only one partner binds to the S100 dimer occupying both binding pockets. Here we present a heterologous expression and purification protocol for all known human S100 proteins as well as for their partner peptides. Moreover, we provide a detailed description of three in vitro methods to determine the affinity, stoichiometry, and kinetics of S100 protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ecsédi
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Simon
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nyitray
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Gao X, Zeng J, Yi H, Zhang F, Tang B, Tang XF. Four Inserts within the Catalytic Domain Confer Extra Stability and Activity to Hyperthermostable Pyrolysin from Pyrococcus furiosus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e03228-16. [PMID: 28003199 PMCID: PMC5311392 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03228-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrolysin from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus is the prototype of the pyrolysin family of the subtilisin-like serine protease superfamily (subtilases). It contains four inserts (IS147, IS29, IS27, and IS8) of unknown function in the catalytic domain. We performed domain deletions and showed that three inserts are either essential (IS147 and IS27) or important (IS8) for efficient maturation of pyrolysin at high temperatures, whereas IS29 is dispensable. The large insert IS147 contains Ca3 and Ca4, two calcium-binding Dx[DN]xDG motifs that are conserved in many pyrolysin-like proteases. Mutagenesis revealed that the Ca3 site contributes to enzyme thermostability and the Ca4 site is necessary for pyrolysin to fold into a maturation-competent conformation. Mature insert-deletion variants were characterized and showed that IS29 and IS8 contribute to enzyme activity and stability, respectively. In the presence of NaCl, pyrolysin undergoes autocleavage at two sites: one within IS29 and the other in IS27 Disrupting the ion pairs in IS27 and IS8 induces autocleavage in the absence of salts. Interestingly, autocleavage products combine noncovalently to form an active, nicked enzyme that is resistant to SDS and urea denaturation. Additionally, a single mutation in IS29 increases resistance to salt-induced autocleavage and further increases enzyme thermostability. Our results suggest that these extra structural elements play a crucial role in adapting pyrolysin to hyperthermal environments.IMPORTANCE Pyrolysin-like proteases belong to the subtilase superfamily and are characterized by large inserts and long C-terminal extensions; however, the role of the inserts in enzyme function is unclear. Our results demonstrate that four inserts in the catalytic domain of hyperthermostable pyrolysin contribute to the folding, maturation, stability, and activity of the enzyme at high temperatures. The modification of extra structural elements in pyrolysin-like proteases is a promising strategy for modulating global structure stability and enzymatic activity of this class of protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huawei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Wuhan, China
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Suzuki N, Ban S, Itoh E, Chen S, Imai FL, Sawano Y, Miyakawa T, Tanokura M, Yonezawa N. Calcium-dependent structural changes in human reticulocalbin-1. J Biochem 2014; 155:281-93. [PMID: 24451493 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvu003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human reticulocalbin-1 (hRCN1) has six EF-hand motifs and binds Ca(2+). hRCN1 is a member of the CREC family localized in the secretory pathway, and its cellular function remains unclear. In this study, we established a new bacterial expression and purification procedure for hRCN1. We observed that hRCN1 binds Ca(2+) in a cooperative manner and the Ca(2+) binding caused an increase in the α-helix content of hRCN1. On the other hand, hRCN1 did not change the structure with Mg(2+) loading. hRCN1 is a monomeric protein, and its overall structure became more compact upon Ca(2+) binding, as revealed by gel-filtration column chromatography and small-angle X-ray scattering. This is the first report of conformational changes in the CREC family upon Ca(2+) binding. Our data suggest that CREC family member interactions with target proteins are regulated in the secretory pathway by conformational changes upon Ca(2+) binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanao Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; and Laboratory of Chemistry, College of Liberal and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiba 272-0827, Japan
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