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Chai XM, Yang XR, Li YL, Li ZY, Mi YJ. Renal Lesions with Low-level Enhancement on Contrast-enhanced CT Promotes Early Detection of Drug-induced Kidney Injury in Patients Administered Anticancer Drugs. Curr Med Imaging 2024; 20:CMIR-EPUB-139905. [PMID: 38676488 DOI: 10.2174/0115734056267586231116043452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some patients with cancer-administered anti-cancer drugs may develop renal lesions with low-level enhancement on follow-up abdominal computed tomography (CT). OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical significance of renal lesions with low-level enhancement on CT after exposure to anti-cancer drugs. METHODS Medical records of patients with cancer who developed renal lesions on CT after exposure to anti-cancer drugs were retrospectively reviewed. Renal lesions were scored according to the extent of involvement, CT attenuation values of lesions and normal parenchyma were measured on precontrast CT and three phases of contrast-enhanced CT, and changes in serum creatinine (SCr) from one week before exposure to drugs to one week before and after the appearance of renal lesions were recorded. RESULTS This study included 54 patients (86 lesions). Lesions were slightly lower density on pre-contrast CT, and less enhancing than normal renal parenchyma, especially in the delayed phase. Lesions were wedge-shaped, and involved the renal pyramid and associated renal cortex, as well as, were single or multiple, and occurred in the unilateral or bilateral kidneys. There were patchy and cord-like shadows of increased density in adjacent perirenal adipose tissue. During follow-up, lesions disappeared in 15 patients and persisted in 39 patients without significant progression. There were significant differences in renal lesions and normal renal parenchyma CT attenuation values in each phase of contrast-enhanced CT. Change in SCr level was significantly positively correlated with lesion score. CONCLUSION Renal lesions with low-level enhancement on CT suggest early drug-induced kidney injury. These findings will inform clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Chai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiu-Rong Yang
- Department of Radiology, Xing lin Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying-Li Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zi-Yan Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan-Jun Mi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Grover P, Thakur K, Bhardwaj M, Mehta L, Raina SN, Rajpal VR. Phytotherapeutics in Cancer: From Potential Drug Candidates to Clinical Translation. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:CTMC-EPUB-137903. [PMID: 38279745 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266282518231231075311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Annually, a significant number of individuals succumb to cancer, an anomalous cellular condition characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation and the emergence of highly perilous tumors. Identifying underlying molecular mechanism(s) driving disease progression has led to various inventive therapeutic approaches, many of which are presently under pre-clinical and/or clinical trials. Over the recent years, numerous alternative strategies for addressing cancer have also been proposed and put into practice. This article delineates the modern therapeutic drugs employed in cancer treatment and their associated toxicity. Due to inherent drug toxicity associated with most modern treatments, demand rises for alternative therapies and phytochemicals with minimal side effects and proven efficacy against cancer. Analogs of taxol, Vinca alkaloids like vincristine and vinblastine, and podophyllotoxin represent a few illustrative examples in this context. The phytochemicals often work by modifying the activity of molecular pathways that are thought to be involved in the onset and progression of cancer. The principal objective of this study is to provide an overview of our current understanding regarding the pharmacologic effects and molecular targets of the active compounds found in natural products for cancer treatment and collate information about the recent advancements in this realm. The authors' interest in advancing the field of phytochemical research stems from both the potential of these compounds for use as drugs as well as their scientific validity. Accordingly, the significance of herbal formulations is underscored, shedding light on anticancer phytochemicals that are sought after at both preclinical and clinical levels, with discussion on the opportunities and challenges in pre-clinical and clinical cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Grover
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, 201206, India
| | | | - Monika Bhardwaj
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Lovekesh Mehta
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Soom Nath Raina
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Vijay Rani Rajpal
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, Delhi University, Delhi, 110007, India
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Ahirwar SS, Rizwan R, Sethi S, Shahid Z, Malviya S, Khandia R, Agarwal A, Kotnis A. Comparative Analysis of Published Database Predicting MicroRNA Binding in 3'UTR of mRNA in Diverse Species. Microrna 2023; 12:MIRNA-EPUB-135714. [PMID: 37929739 DOI: 10.2174/0122115366261005231018070640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micro-RNAs are endogenous non-coding RNA moieties of 22-27 nucleotides that play a crucial role in the regulation of various biological processes and make them useful prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Discovery and experimental validation of miRNA is a laborious and time-consuming process. For early prediction, multiple bioinformatics databases are available for miRNA target prediction; however, their utility can confuse amateur researchers in selecting the most appropriate tools for their study. OBJECTIVE This descriptive review aimed to analyse the usability of the existing database based on the following criteria: accessibility, efficiency, interpretability, updatability, and flexibility for miRNA target prediction of 3'UTR of mRNA in diverse species so that the researchers can utilize the database most appropriate to their research. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus databases up to November 2022. ≥10,000 articles found online, including ⁓130 miRNA tools, which contain various information on miRNA. Out of them, 31 databases that provide information on validated 3'UTR miRNAs target databases were included and analysed in this review. RESULTS These miRNA database tools are being used in varied areas of biological research to select the most suitable miRNA for their experimental validation. These databases, updated until the year 2021, consist of miRNA-related data from humans, animals, mice, plants, viruses etc. They contain 525-29806351 data entries, and information from most databases is freely available on the online platform. CONCLUSION Reviewed databases provide significant information, but not all information is accurate or up-to-date. Therefore, Diana-TarBase and miRWalk are the most comprehensive and up-to-date databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Singh Ahirwar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, India 462020
| | - Rehma Rizwan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, India 462020
| | - Samdish Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, India 462020
| | - Zainab Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, India 462020
| | - Shivani Malviya
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India 462026
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India 462026
| | - Amit Agarwal
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, India 462020
| | - Ashwin Kotnis
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, India 462020
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Mao X, Chen Y, Lu X, Jin S, Jiang P, Deng Z, Zhu X, Cai Q, Wu C, Kang S. Tissue resident memory T cells are enriched and dysfunctional in effusion of patients with malignant tumor. J Cancer 2023; 14:1223-1231. [PMID: 37215450 PMCID: PMC10197933 DOI: 10.7150/jca.83615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Most malignant effusion is secondary to metastases to the pleura or peritoneum and portend poor oncological outcomes. Malignant effusion has different tumor microenvironment from primary tumor, containing a variety of cytokines and immune cells and directly contacting with tumor cells. However, the characteristic of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in malignant effusion remains unclear. Methods Malignant effusion including peritoneal ascites and pleural fluid from thirty-five patients with malignant tumor were collected and compared with matched blood. A detailed characterization of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in malignant effusion were conducted using flow cytometry and multiple cytokines assay. Results The concentration of IL-6 in malignant effusion was significantly higher than in blood. A substantial portion of T cells in malignant effusion were CD69+ and/ or CD103+ Trm cells. Most CD4+T and CD8+T cells in malignant effusion were exhausted T cells which expressed lower levels of cytokines, cytotoxic molecules and markedly higher levels of inhibitory receptor PD-1 compared with in blood. Conclusion Our study is the first to identify the presence of Trm cells in malignant effusion and will lay the foundation for future research on anti-tumor immunity of Trm cells in malignant effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Mao
- Clinical Research Center of Clifford Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yue Chen
- Cancer Center of Clifford Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiulian Lu
- Obstetrics of Clifford Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Shuiping Jin
- Clinical Research Center of Clifford Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Piao Jiang
- Clinical Research Center of Clifford Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhangfeng Deng
- Clinical Research Center of Clifford Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhu
- Clinical Research Center of Clifford Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qichun Cai
- Cancer Center of Clifford Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Changyou Wu
- Clinical Research Center of Clifford Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shuangpeng Kang
- Academician Workstation, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, P.R. China
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Ajadi MB, Soremekun OS, Elrashedy AA, Olotu FA, Kumalo HM, Soliman MES. Probing Protein-Protein Interactions and Druggable Site Identification: Mechanistic Binding Events between Ubiquitin and Zinc Finger with UFM1-Specific Peptidase Domain Protein (ZUFSP). Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:831-837. [PMID: 33538664 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210203175142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) protein family have been implicated in some deregulated pathways involved in carcinogenesis such as cell cycle, gene expression, and DNA damage response (DDR). Zinc finger with UFM1-specific peptidase domain protein (ZUFSP) is one of the recently discovered members of the DUBs Objectives: To identify and cross validate the ZUFSP binding site using the bioinformatic tools including SiteMap & Metapocket respectively. To understand the molecular basis of complementary ZUFSP-Ub interaction and associated structural events using MD Simulation Methods: In this study, four binding pockets were predicted, characterized, and cross-validated based on physiochemical features such as site score, druggability score, site volume, and site size. Also, Molecular dynamics simulation technique was employed to determine the impact of ubiquitin-binding on ZUFSP Results: Site 1 with a site score 1.065, Size 102, D scores 1.00, and size volume 261 was predicted to be the most druggable site. Structural studies revealed that upon ubiquitin-binding, the motional movement of ZUFSP was reduced when compared to the unbound ZUFSP. Also, the ZUFSP helical arm (ZHA) domain orient in such a way that it moves closer to the Ub, this orientation enables the formation of a UBD which is very peculiar to ZUFSP. CONCLUSION The impact of ubiquitin on ZUFSP movement and the characterization of its predicted druggable site can be targeted in the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Ajadi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard Campus, Durban 4000, . South Africa
| | - Opeyemi S Soremekun
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, . South Africa
| | - Ahmed A Elrashedy
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, . South Africa
| | - Fisayo A Olotu
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, . South Africa
| | - Hezekiel M Kumalo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard Campus, Durban 4000, . South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, . South Africa
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Liu Y, Huang Z, Wei Y, Zhang M, Li X, Yang S, Wang H. Identification of STXBP6-IRF1 positive feedback loop in regulation of PD-L1 in cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:275-87. [PMID: 32700091 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade against diverse human cancers highlights the critical importance of insightful understanding into mechanisms underlying PD-L1 regulation. IFN-γ released by intratumoral lymphocytes regulates PD-L1 expression in tumor cells through JAK-STAT-IRF1 pathway, while the molecular events prime IRF1 to translocate into nucleus are still obscure. Here we identified STXBP6, previously recognized involving in SNARE complex assembly, negatively regulates PD-L1 transcription via retention of IRF1 in cytoplasm. IFN-γ exposure stimulates accumulation of cytosolic IRF1, which eventually saturates STXBP6 and triggers nuclear translocation of IRF1. Nuclear IRF1 in turn inhibits STXBP6 expression and thereby liberates more IRF1 to migrate to nucleus. Therefore, we identified a novel positive feedback loop between STXBP6 and IRF1 in regulation of PD-L1 expression in cancer. Furthermore, we demonstrate STXBP6 overexpression significantly inhibits T cell activation both in vitro and in vivo. These findings offer new insight into the complexity of PD-L1 expression in cancer and suggest a valuable measure to predict the response to PD-1/PD-L1-based immunotherapy.
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Islam MT, Hossain R, Hassan SMH, Salehi B, Martins N, Sharifi-Rad J, Amarowicz R. Biological activities of sinularin: A literature-based review. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020; 66:33-36. [PMID: 32583788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sinularin ((9E)-13-hydroxy-4,9,13-trimethyl-17-methylidene-5,15-dioxatricyclo[12.3.1.0(4,6)] octadec-9-en-16-one) is the soft coral-derived hopeful biologically active lead compound. In this review sinularin biological activities are summarized. For that, an up-to-date (from 1980 to Mar 2020) search was made in the PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, The American Chemical Society, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases. Data available suggest that sinularin has interesting anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-fouling and analgesic potential. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxigenase (COX)-2, tumor growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) are the most efficient enzymes for interacting with sinularin due to its anti-inflammatory activity, while phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) for its anticancer effect. In conclusion, sinularin seems to be a promissory lead compound in the treatment of inflammation, cancer and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Rajib Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj-8100, Bangladesh
| | - Shardar Mohammad Hafiz Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj-8100, Bangladesh
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1991953381 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Department of Chemical and Physical Properties of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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Li Y, Han X, Feng H, Han J. Long noncoding RNA OIP5-AS1 in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 499:75-80. [PMID: 31476304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can be over two hundred nucleotides in length and lack an obvious open reading frame (ORF). Interestingly, these RNAs form a group of nucleic acids involved in a variety of diverse cellular mechanisms involving proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis,and senescence. Given these characteristics, it is not unexpected that the aberrant expression of certain lncRNAs is strongly linked to oncogenesis and tumor advancement. OIP5-AS1, a prominent tumor-associated lncRNA, contributes to intricate cellular mechanisms during the evolution of malignant tumors. For example, it not only represses cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) expression thus impacting mitosis, but also regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in many cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma, breast, glioma and hepatoblastoma. In this paper, we review our current understanding of OIP5-AS1 in carcinogenesis and its potential application as a clinical biomarker or therapeutic target in malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Li
- Department of Cancer Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Experiment, Tumor Hospital affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hong Feng
- Department of Cancer Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
| | - Junqing Han
- Department of Cancer Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
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Zhai Y, Su J, Ran W, Zhang P, Yin Q, Zhang Z, Yu H, Li Y. Preparation and Application of Cell Membrane-Camouflaged Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy. Theranostics 2017; 7:2575-2592. [PMID: 28819448 PMCID: PMC5558554 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Many treatments have been developed so far, although effective, suffer from severe side effects due to low selectivity. Nanoparticles can improve the therapeutic index of their delivered drugs by specifically transporting them to tumors. However, their exogenous nature usually leads to fast clearance by mononuclear phagocytic system. Recently, cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles have been investigated for cancer therapy, taking advantages of excellent biocompatibility and versatile functionality of cell membranes. In this review, we summarized source materials and procedures that have been used for constructing and characterizing biomimetic nanoparticles with a focus on their application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinghan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haijun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Dong L, Wang W, Li A, Kansal R, Chen Y, Chen H, Li X. Clinical Next Generation Sequencing for Precision Medicine in Cancer. Curr Genomics 2016; 16:253-63. [PMID: 27006629 PMCID: PMC4765520 DOI: 10.2174/1389202915666150511205313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid adoption of next generation sequencing (NGS) in genomic medicine has been driven
by low cost, high throughput sequencing and rapid advances in our understanding of the genetic bases
of human diseases. Today, the NGS method has dominated sequencing space in genomic research, and
quickly entered clinical practice. Because unique features of NGS perfectly meet the clinical reality
(need to do more with less), the NGS technology is becoming a driving force to realize the dream of precision medicine.
This article describes the strengths of NGS, NGS panels used in precision medicine, current applications of NGS in cytology,
and its challenges and future directions for routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Dong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 650 Charles Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wanheng Wang
- Shanxi Guoxin Caregeno Medical Laboratories (MedLab), 7 Jiahua St., Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China 030006
| | - Alvin Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 650 Charles Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rina Kansal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 650 Charles Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Road, Harbin, China 150040
| | - Hong Chen
- Qiqihaer First Hospital, No.30, Gongyuan Road, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China 161005
| | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 650 Charles Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Virtanen E, Söder B, Andersson LC, Meurman JH, Söder PÖ. History of dental infections associates with cancer in periodontally healthy subjects: a 24-year follow-up study from sweden. J Cancer 2014; 5:79-85. [PMID: 24494025 PMCID: PMC3909762 DOI: 10.7150/jca.7402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections of teeth are highly prevalent, often leading to tooth extractions. Missing teeth can thus be considered as proxy for chronic dental infections, caries or periodontitis. We followed-up a cohort for 24 years investigating the association between missing teeth and the incidence of cancer with the hypothesis that dental chronic inflammation links to cancer. METHODS WHO ICD-7-9-10 malignant diagnoses were recorded from the Swedish Cancer Registry from 1985 to 2009 in 1 390 individuals who had underwent clinical oral examination in 1985. The subjects appeared periodontally healthy and thus the probable reason for tooth extractions was deep caries. Using Fisher's exact t-test and multiple logistic regression analysis the results were analysed for the association between cancer incidence and baseline oral health parameters and a number of other explanatory factors. RESULTS Of the 1 390 subjects 71 had got cancer by year 2009. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that between any type of cancer as a dependent variable, and several independent explanatory variables, missing second molar in the right mandible and age appeared as the principle independent predictors significantly associating with cancer, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.62 (1.18-5.78) and 1.91 (1.06-3.43), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In periodontally healthy subjects extracted molars, proxy for past dental infections, seemed to predict cancer risk in the studied age group - hence supporting a role of chronic dental infection/inflammation in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Virtanen
- 1. Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Birgitta Söder
- 2. Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Leif C Andersson
- 3. Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka H Meurman
- 1. Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. ; 4. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Östen Söder
- 2. Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge, Sweden
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Rajendran P, Rengarajan T, Thangavel J, Nishigaki Y, Sakthisekaran D, Sethi G, Nishigaki I. The vascular endothelium and human diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:1057-69. [PMID: 24250251 PMCID: PMC3831119 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 893] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of endothelial cells and the vasculature play a central role in the pathogenesis of a broad spectrum of the most dreadful of human diseases, as endothelial cells have the key function of participating in the maintenance of patent and functional capillaries. The endothelium is directly involved in peripheral vascular disease, stroke, heart disease, diabetes, insulin resistance, chronic kidney failure, tumor growth, metastasis, venous thrombosis, and severe viral infectious diseases. Dysfunction of the vascular endothelium is thus a hallmark of human diseases. In this review the main endothelial abnormalities found in various human diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and viral infections are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peramaiyan Rajendran
- 1. NPO-International Laboratory of Biochemistry,1-166, Uchide, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya 454-0926, Japan
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Tsuboi M, Arai M, Maruoka D, Matsumura T, Nakagawa T, Katsuno T, Yokosuka O. Utility and stability of transnasal endoscopy for examination of the pharynx - a prospective study and comparison with transoral endoscopy. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:1085-91. [PMID: 23869183 PMCID: PMC3714383 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transnasal endoscopy may be used to observe the head and neck part readily without excessive reflexes. We aimed to evaluate the utility and stability of transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy (TN-EGD) in comparison with transoral EGD (TO-EGD) for observation of the pharynx. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study METHODS A total of 497 patients received unsedated TN-EGD with a 5.5 mm diameter endoscope or unsedated TO-EGD with endoscopes of 6.5 mm, 7.9 mm and 9.2 mm diameter. The rate of completion of pharyngeal observation and numbers of gag reflexes and cough reflexes were recorded. RESULTS TN-EGD was performed in 175 patients and TO-EGD was performed in 322 patients. Pharyngeal observation was completed in 173 patients (98.9%) in the TN-EGD group and 235 patients (73.2%) in the TO-EGD group, a significant difference (p<0.001). The TN-EGD group had a low rate of occurrence of gag reflex (0.57%), in contrast, 28.3% of the TO-EGD group had a gag reflex, a significant difference (p<0.01). Multivariable analyses revealed that the use of TN-EGD was the only predictive factor for completion of pharyngeal observation (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS TN-EGD is ideally suited to observation of the pharynx by unsedated EGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tsuboi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Patel K, Dixit VD, Lee JH, Kim JW, Schaffer EM, Nguyen D, Taub DD. The GHS-R blocker D-[Lys3] GHRP-6 serves as CCR5 chemokine receptor antagonist. Int J Med Sci 2012; 9:51-8. [PMID: 22211090 PMCID: PMC3222091 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.9.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
[D-Lys3]-Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-6 (DLS) is widely utilized in vivo and in vitro as a selective ghrelin receptor (GHS-R) antagonist. This antagonist is one of the most common antagonists utilized in vivo to block GHS-R function and activity. Here, we found that DLS also has the ability to modestly block chemokine function and ligand binding to the chemokine receptor CCR5. The DLS effects on RANTES binding and Erk signaling as well as calcium mobilization appears to be much stronger than its effects on MIP-1α and MIP-1β. CCR5 have been shown to act as major co-receptor for HIV-1 entry into the CD4 positive host cells. To this end, we also found that DLS blocks M-tropic HIV-1 propagation in activated human PBMCs. These data demonstrate that DLS may not be a highly selective GHS-R1a inhibitor and may also effects on other G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family members. Moreover, DLS may have some potential clinical applications in blocking HIV infectivity and CCR5-mediated migration and function in various inflammatory disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpesh Patel
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Program, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Soolari N, Soolari A. Closure of an open wound associated with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in a breast cancer patient. Open Dent J 2011; 5:163-7. [PMID: 22135700 PMCID: PMC3227863 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601105010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Many clinicians will not treat patients presenting with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw following long-term use of bisphosphonates because of the lack of predictable outcomes. MATERICAL AND METHODS: The patient presented with pain from a nonhealing lesion in the posterior maxilla following extraction of the maxillary right third molar. The lesion had not responded to any conventional dental treatment. The patient had suffered from breast cancer, and her treatment included several years of therapy with Zometa (zoledronic acid), a bisphosphonate. RESULTS The patient stopped taking Zometa and commenced rinsing with phosphate buffer-stabilized 0.1% chlorine dioxide-containing mouthwash. After 5 months, changes in the morphology of the lesion were noted and the soft tissue had closed over the open wound. CONCLUSION Cessation of bisphosphonate therapy and usage of a phosphate buffer-stabilized 0.1% chlorine dioxide-containing mouthwash lessened the patient's pain and resulted in closure of the soft tissue lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Soolari
- Department of Communication, College of Arts and Humanities, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ahmad Soolari
- Private Practice in Periodontology, Silver Spring and Potomac, MD, USA
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Abstract
MicroRNAs are small, highly conserved non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression. MicroRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerases II and III, generating precursors that undergo a series of cleavage events to form mature microRNA. The conventional biogenesis pathway consists of two cleavage events, one nuclear and one cytoplasmic. However, alternative biogenesis pathways exist that differ in the number of cleavage events and enzymes responsible. How microRNA precursors are sorted to the different pathways is unclear but appears to be determined by the site of origin of the microRNA, its sequence and thermodynamic stability. The regulatory functions of microRNAs are accomplished through the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). MicroRNA assembles into RISC, activating the complex to target messenger RNA (mRNA) specified by the microRNA. Various RISC assembly models have been proposed and research continues to explore the mechanism(s) of RISC loading and activation. The degree and nature of the complementarity between the microRNA and target determine the gene silencing mechanism, slicer-dependent mRNA degradation or slicer-independent translation inhibition. Recent evidence indicates that P-bodies are essential for microRNA-mediated gene silencing and that RISC assembly and silencing occurs primarily within P-bodies. The P-body model outlines microRNA sorting and shuttling between specialized P-body compartments that house enzymes required for slicer –dependent and –independent silencing, addressing the reversibility of these silencing mechanisms. Detailed knowledge of the microRNA pathways is essential for understanding their physiological role and the implications associated with dysfunction and dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh-Ann Macfarlane
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 1X5, Canada
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Palma BF, Ferrari AB, Bitar RA, Cardoso MAG, Martin AA, Da Silva Martinho H. DNA Extraction Systematics for Spectroscopic Studies. Sensors (Basel) 2008; 8:3624-3632. [PMID: 27879896 PMCID: PMC3714657 DOI: 10.3390/s8063624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Study of genetic material allows the comprehension the origin of the many biochemical changes that follow diseases, like cancer, promoting the development of early preventive inquiry and more efficient individual treatments. Raman spectroscopy can be an important tool in DNA study, since it allows probe molecular vibrations of genetic material in a fast way. The present work established a systematic way for extract DNA in suitable concentrations and structural integrity allowing studies by Raman spectroscopy or other spectroscopic technique, including bio-analytical sensors for probing genetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Fogazza Palma
- Instituto de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, 12244-000, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Borges Ferrari
- Instituto de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, 12244-000, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renata Andrade Bitar
- Instituto de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, 12244-000, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria Angélica Gargione Cardoso
- Instituto de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, 12244-000, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Airton A Martin
- Instituto de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, 12244-000, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Herculano Da Silva Martinho
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Catequese 242, 09090-400, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
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