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Ren M, Dong L, Wang X, Li Y, Zhao Y, Cui B, Yang G, Li W, Yuan X, Zhou T, Xu P, Wang X, Di J, Li Q. Dual-Ion Co-Regulation System Enabling High-Performance Electrochemical Artificial Yarn Muscles with Energy-Free Catch States. Nanomicro Lett 2023; 15:162. [PMID: 37386318 PMCID: PMC10310689 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Artificial yarn muscles show great potential in applications requiring low-energy consumption while maintaining high performance. However, conventional designs have been limited by weak ion-yarn muscle interactions and inefficient "rocking-chair" ion migration. To address these limitations, we present an electrochemical artificial yarn muscle design driven by a dual-ion co-regulation system. By utilizing two reaction channels, this system shortens ion migration pathways, leading to faster and more efficient actuation. During the charging/discharging process, [Formula: see text] ions react with carbon nanotube yarn, while Li+ ions react with an Al foil. The intercalation reaction between [Formula: see text] and collapsed carbon nanotubes allows the yarn muscle to achieve an energy-free high-tension catch state. The dual-ion coordinated yarn muscles exhibit superior contractile stroke, maximum contractile rate, and maximum power densities, exceeding those of "rocking-chair" type ion migration yarn muscles. The dual-ion co-regulation system enhances the ion migration rate during actuation, resulting in improved performance. Moreover, the yarn muscles can withstand high levels of isometric stress, displaying a stress of 61 times that of skeletal muscles and 8 times that of "rocking-chair" type yarn muscles at higher frequencies. This technology holds significant potential for various applications, including prosthetics and robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ren
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueran Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang, 330200, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Di
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
- Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang, 330200, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
- Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang, 330200, People's Republic of China.
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Meshot ER, Baker A, Malone D, Hayes S, Hamza H, Wang C, Marcus MA, Lepró X. High-Resolution X-ray Spectromicroscopy Reveals Process-Structure Correlations in sub-5-μm Diameter Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composite Dry-Spun Yarns. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37186946 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A persistent lack of detailed and quantitative structural analysis of these hierarchical carbon nanotube (CNT) ensembles precludes establishing processing-structure-property relationships that are essential to enhance macroscale performance (e.g., in mechanical, electrical, thermal applications). Here, we use scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) to analyze the hierarchical, twisted morphology of dry-spun CNT yarns and their composites, quantifying key structural characteristics such as density, porosity, alignment, and polymer loading. As the yarn twist density increases (15,000 to 150,000 turns per meter), the yarn diameter decreased (4.4-1.4 μm) and density increased (0.55-1.26 g·cm-3), as intuitively expected. Yarn density, ρ, ubiquitously scaled with diameter d according to ρ ∼ d-2 for all parameters studied here. Spectromicroscopy probes with 30 nm resolution and elemental specificity were employed to analyze the radial and longitudinal distribution of the oxygen-containing polymer content (∼30% weight fraction), demonstrating nearly perfect filling of the voids between CNTs with a vapor-phase polymer coating and cross-linking process. These quantitative correlations highlight the intimate connections between processing conditions and yarn structure with important implications for translating the nanoscale properties of CNTs to the macroscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Meshot
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Alexander Baker
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Daniel Malone
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Sean Hayes
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Haley Hamza
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew A Marcus
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xavier Lepró
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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