Bio-inspired wideband antenna for wireless applications based on perturbation technique

The evolution of advancement in communication technologies and ever-increasing demand by users for compact communication devices has necessitated a shift in the design approach to achieve antenna structures that are compact and robust. Owing to the diverse communication requirements, antenna systems operating across wide bands have become a necessity. An antenna that is capable of working effectively in several bands is called wideband antenna. In this work, a bio-inspired microstrip antenna (Bi-MPA) for wideband application is proposed and simulated. The radiating patch of the proposed Bi-MPA is the shape of Carica Papaya leaf. The structure was realized through the perturbation of the circular shape patch. The proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 4.3 GHz (1.9 GHz–6.2 GHz) at a return loss of 10 dB while it exhibits a narrow band at 7.2 GHz (6.99–7.44 GHz) and 9.3 GHz (9.15–9.35 GHz) bands. The gain of the proposed antenna is between 2.60 dB and 10.22 dB and the radiation pattern is quasi-omnidirectional. The proposed Bi-MPA is compact and suitable for global system for mobile communication (GSM1900), Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Long Term Evolution (LTE2300 and LTE2600), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), C-band, X-band, and sub6 GHz fifth-generation (5G) band. Our contribution to the scientific community in this work is that we have proposed a single antenna structure that is suitable for communication in all the bands mentioned in order to ensure compactness in the mobile devices as compared to base station antennas.