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Espada S, Stavik B, Holm S, Sagen EL, Bjerkeli V, Skjelland M, Dahl TB, Espevik T, Kanse S, Sandset PM, Skretting G, Halvorsen B. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor attenuates ER stress-induced inflammation in human M2-polarized macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:442-448. [PMID: 28712870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been shown to play a key role during the initiation and clinical progression of the cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. We have recently shown that expression of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) was induced by cholesterol crystals (CC). In the present study we aimed to determine the role of TFPI under ER stress conditions using human MDMs. qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed to determine the presence of the ER stress marker CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and TFPI in human carotid plaque material and also in human MDMs polarized into pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 populations. CHOP mRNA levels were upregulated in the plaques compared to healthy vessels, and CHOP protein was localized in the same area as TFPI in the plaques. Both CHOP and TFPI mRNA levels were upregulated after CC treatment, especially in the M2 phenotype, and the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) reversed this effect. Furthermore, CC treatment increased the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, which for TNF-α and IL-8 was inhibited by PBA, and reduced the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in M2-polarized macrophages. Knockdown of TFPI prior to CC treatment exacerbated TNF-α and IL-6 levels, but reduced IL-8 and IL-10 levels. Our results show that CC induce TFPI and cytokine expression in M2-polarized macrophages through activation of the ER stress pathway and that TFPI has a protective effect against TNF-α and IL-6 mediated inflammation. These mechanisms may have implications for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Espada
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, BOX 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, BOX 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Box 1072 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte Stavik
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, BOX 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, BOX 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sverre Holm
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, BOX 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Lund Sagen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, BOX 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Box 1072 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis Bjerkeli
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, BOX 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Box 1072 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Skjelland
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, BOX 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuva B Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, BOX 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, BOX 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sandip Kanse
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, BOX 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Box 1072 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Morten Sandset
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, BOX 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, BOX 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Box 1072 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe Skretting
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, BOX 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, BOX 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, BOX 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Box 1072 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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