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Tangporncharoen R, Silathapanasakul A, Tragoonlugkana P, Pruksapong C, Tawonsawatruk T, Supokawej A. The extracts of osteoblast developed from adipose-derived stem cell and its role in osteogenesis. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:255. [PMID: 38650022 PMCID: PMC11034088 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy has become an achievable choice in regenerative medicines, particularly for musculoskeletal disorders. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are an outstanding resource because of their ability and functions. Nevertheless, the use of cells for treatment comes with difficulties in operation and safety. The immunological barrier is also a major limitation of cell therapy, which can lead to unexpected results. Cell-derived products, such as cell extracts, have gained a lot of attention to overcome these limitations. The goal of this study was to optimize the production of ASC-osteoblast extracts as well as their involvement in osteogenesis. The extracts were prepared using a freeze-thaw method with varying temperatures and durations. Overall, osteogenic-associated proteins and osteoinductive potential of the extracts prepared from the osteogenic-induced ASCs were assessed. Our results demonstrated that the freeze-thaw approach is practicable for cell extracts production, with minor differences in temperature and duration having no effect on protein concentration. The ASC-osteoblast extracts contain a significant level of essential specialized proteins that promote osteogenicity. Hence, the freeze-thaw method is applicable for extract preparation and ASC-osteoblast extracts may be beneficial as an optional facilitating biologics in bone anabolic treatment and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattanawan Tangporncharoen
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Atiruj Silathapanasakul
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Patcharapa Tragoonlugkana
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Pruksapong
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Tulyapruek Tawonsawatruk
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Aungkura Supokawej
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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Huang WYC, Ferrell JE, Cheng X. Measuring Molecular Diffusion in Self-Organizing Xenopus Extracts by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2740:107-115. [PMID: 38393471 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3557-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The cytoplasm is densely packed with macromolecules and organelles, displaying viscoelastic properties at various scales. How biochemical reactions function efficiently enough in a seemingly jammed environment remains elusive. Cell-free Xenopus laevis extracts represent a powerful system for investigating the biochemistry and biophysics of living systems. Here we present a protocol for characterizing macromolecular diffusion in self-organizing cytoplasmic extracts using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), which measures the motions on a distance scale of ~200 nm. The method can also be used to characterize diffusion in the cytoplasm as it progresses through different phases of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Y C Huang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James E Ferrell
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xianrui Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Pellerano M, Morris MC. Fluorescent Peptide Biosensors for Probing CDK Kinase Activity in Cell Extracts. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2329:39-50. [PMID: 34085214 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1538-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent biosensors can report on the relative abundance, activity, or conformation of biomolecules and analytes through changes in fluorescence emission. A wide variety of genetically-encoded and synthetic biosensors have been developed to monitor protein kinase activity. We have focused on the design, engineering and characterization of fluorescent peptide biosensors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that constitute attractive cancer biomarkers and pharmacological targets. In this chapter, we describe the CDKACT fluorescent peptide biosensor technology and its application to assess the relative kinase activity of CDKs in vitro, either using recombinant proteins or cell extracts as a more complex source of kinase. This technology offers a straightforward means of comparing CDK activity in different cell lines and evaluating the specific impact of treatments intended to target kinase activity in a physiologically relevant environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Pellerano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS, UMR 5247, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - May C Morris
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS, UMR 5247, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Abstract
Chemiluminescent biosensors have been developed and broadly applied to mammalian cell systems for studying intracellular signaling networks. For bacteria, biosensors have largely relied on fluorescence-based systems for quantitating signaling molecules, but these designs can encounter issues in complex environments due to their reliance on external illumination. In order to circumvent these issues, we designed the first ratiometric chemiluminescent biosensors for studying a key bacterial second messenger, cyclic di-GMP. We have shown recently that these biosensors function both in vitro and in vivo for detecting changes in cyclic di-GMP levels. In this chapter, we present a practical and broadly applicable method for high-throughput quantitation of cyclic di-GMP in bacterial cell extracts using the high affinity biosensor tVYN-TmΔ that could serve as the "Bradford assay" equivalent for this bacterial signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt A Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Andrew B Dippel
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Michael M Maiden
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and The BEACON Center for The Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Christopher M Waters
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and The BEACON Center for The Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ming C Hammond
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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Chai Y, Cheng X, Xu G, Wei F, Bao J, Mei J, Ren D, Hu Q, Cen Y. A nanoplatform based on metal-organic frameworks and coupled exonuclease reaction for the fluorimetric determination of T4 polynucleotide kinase activity and inhibition. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:243. [PMID: 32206934 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A nanoplatform based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and lambda exonuclease (λ exo) for the fluorimetric determination of T4 polynucleotide kinase (T4 PNK) activity and inhibition is described. Fe-MIL-88 was selected as the nanomaterial because of its significant preferential binding ability to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) over double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and its quenching property. The synthesized Fe-MIL-88 was characterized by transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In the presence of T4 PNK, FAM-labeled dsDNA (FAM-dsDNA) is phosphorylated on its 5'-terminal. λ exo then recognizes and cleaves the phosphorylated strand yielding FAM-labeled ssDNA (FAM-ssDNA). The fluorescence of the produced FAM-ssDNA is quenched due to Fe-MIL-88's absorbing on FAM-ssDNA. On the contrary, in the absence of T4 PNK, the phosphorylation and cleavage processes cannot take place. Therefore, the fluorescence of FAM-dsDNA still remains. The fluorescence intensity is detected at the maximum emission wavelength of 524 nm using the maximum excitation wavelength of 488 nm. The assay of T4 PNK based on the fluorescence quenching of FAM-ssDNA achieves a linear relationship in the range 0.01-5.0 U mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.0089 U mL-1 in buffer. The assay exhibits excellent performance for T4 PNK activity determination in a complex biological matrix. The results also reveal the ability of the assay for T4 PNK inhibitor screening. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of a nanoplatform based on Fe-MIL-88 and coupled exonuclease reaction for the fluorimetric determination of T4 polynucleotide kinase activity. FAM-ssDNA, FAM-labeled single-stranded DNA; cDNA, complementary DNA; λ exo, lambda exonuclease;T4 PNK, T4 polynucleotide kinase.
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Wen X, Huang J, Cao J, Xu J, Mi J, Wang Y, Ma B, Zou Y, Liao X, Liang JB, Wu Y. Heterologous expression of the tetracycline resistance gene tetX to enhance degradability and safety in doxycycline degradation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 191:110214. [PMID: 31968275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial remediation has the potential to inexpensively yet effectively decontaminate and restore contaminated environments, but the virulence of pathogens and risk of resistance gene transmission by microorganisms during antibiotic removal often limit its implementation. Here, a cloned tetX gene with clear evolutionary history was expressed to explore doxycycline (DOX) degradation and resistance variation during the degradation process. Phylogenetic analysis of tetX genes showed high similarity with those of pathogenic bacteria, such as Riemerella sp. and Acinetobacter sp. Successful tetX expression was performed in Escherichia coli and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Our results showed that 95.0 ± 1.0% of the DOX (50 mg/L) was degraded by the recombinant strain (ETD-1 with tetX) within 48 h, which was significantly higher than that for the control (38.9 ± 8.7%) and the empty plasmid bacteria (8.8 ± 5.1%) (P < 0.05). The tetX gene products in ETD-1 cell extracts also exhibited an efficient DOX degradation ability, with a degradation rate of 80.5 ± 1.2% at 168 h. Furthermore, there was no significant proliferation of the tetX resistance gene during DOX degradation (P > 0.05). The efficient and safe DOX-degrading capacity of the recombinant strain ETD-1 makes it valuable and promising for antibiotic removal in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jielan Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junchao Cao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiangran Xu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiandui Mi
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Enterprise Lab of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environment Control, Yunfu, Xinxing, 527400, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Enterprise Lab of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environment Control, Yunfu, Xinxing, 527400, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Nanhai Office of Foshan Customs House, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Yongde Zou
- Nanhai Office of Foshan Customs House, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Xindi Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Enterprise Lab of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environment Control, Yunfu, Xinxing, 527400, China
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Laboratory of Animal Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Yinbao Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Enterprise Lab of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environment Control, Yunfu, Xinxing, 527400, China.
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Spungin D, Berman-Frank I. Assessment of Metacaspase Activity in Phytoplankton. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3341. [PMID: 33654845 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is an irreversible, genetically-controlled form of cell suicide in which an endogenous biochemical pathway leads to morphological changes and ultimately, cellular demise. PCD is accompanied by de-novo protein synthesis of a family of proteases-"caspases" that are often used as a diagnostic marker of PCD. Although phytoplankton do not contain true caspases, caspase-like activity (hypothetical proteins with analogous activity) has been traditionally used as a diagnostic marker of PCD in marine phytoplankton. Increased caspase-like proteolytic activity was demonstrated when synthetic fluorogenic activity substrates specific for caspases (with an Asp at the P1 position) were applied upon PCD induction. Metacaspases, cysteine proteases, share structural properties with those of caspases, yet they are highly specific for Arg and Lys cleavage site at the P1 position implying that caspase specific substrates are not indicative of metacaspase catalytic activity. This method specifically tests direct metacaspase activity in phytoplankton by the cleavage of the fluorogenic metacaspase substrate Ac-VRPR-AMC. Metacaspase activity was tested by the addition of a metacaspase specific peptide that is conjugated to the fluorescent reporter molecule. The cleavage of the peptide by the metacaspase releases the fluorochrome that, when excited by light, emits fluorescence. The level of metacaspase enzymatic activity in the cell lysate is directly proportional to the fluorescence signal detected. The use of specific standards in this test enables the quantification of the fluorescence results. This assay directly allows monitoring the metacaspase cleavage products and thereby tracing evidence for programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Spungin
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ilana Berman-Frank
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Abstract
Investigating the activity and structure of cellular biochemical machinery at atomic resolution has been a point of paramount significance for understanding health and disease over the decades. The underlying molecular mechanisms are primarily studied in vitro. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a technique that allows to look into cells and study proteins and other constituents, thanks to careful experimental design and technological advances (spectrometer sensitivity and pulse sequence design). Here we outline current applications of the technique and propose a realistic future for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesyen Cedeño
- VIB Department of Structural Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd, Aulich L. str. 26, 2100, Godollo, Hungary.
| | - Peter Tompa
- VIB Department of Structural Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Enzymology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1518, Budapest, Hungary
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