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Cai L, Arbab AS, Lee TJ, Sharma A, Thomas B, Igarashi K, Raju RP. BACH1-Hemoxygenase-1 axis regulates cellular energetics and survival following sepsis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:134-145. [PMID: 35691510 PMCID: PMC10507736 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex disease due to dysregulated host response to infection. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction leading to metabolic dysregulation are among the hallmarks of sepsis. The transcription factor NRF2 (Nuclear Factor E2-related factor2) is a master regulator of the oxidative stress response, and the NRF2 mediated antioxidant response is negatively regulated by BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1) protein. This study tested whether Bach1 deletion improves organ function and survival following polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We observed enhanced post-CLP survival in Bach1-/- mice with a concomitantly increased liver HO-1 expression, reduced liver injury and oxidative stress, and attenuated systemic and tissue inflammation. After sepsis induction, the liver mitochondrial function was better preserved in Bach1-/- mice. Furthermore, BACH1 deficiency improved liver and lung blood flow in septic mice, as measured by SPECT/CT. RNA-seq analysis identified 44 genes significantly altered in Bach1-/- mice after sepsis, including HMOX1 and several genes in lipid metabolism. Inhibiting HO-1 activity by Zinc Protoporphyrin-9 worsened organ function in Bach1-/- mice following sepsis. We demonstrate that mitochondrial bioenergetics, organ function, and survival following experimental sepsis were improved in Bach1-/- mice through the HO-1-dependent mechanism and conclude that BACH1 is a therapeutic target in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ali S Arbab
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Bobby Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Drug Discovery, Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Raghavan Pillai Raju
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Braidy N, Liu Y. NAD+ therapy in age-related degenerative disorders: A benefit/risk analysis. Exp Gerontol 2020; 132:110831. [PMID: 31917996 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential pyridine nucleotide that is present in all living cells. NAD+ acts as an important cofactor and substrate for a multitude of biological processes including energy production, DNA repair, gene expression, calcium-dependent secondary messenger signalling and immunoregulatory roles. The de novo synthesis of NAD+ is primarily dependent on the kynurenine pathway (KP), although NAD+ can also be recycled from nicotinic acid (NA), nicotinamide (NAM) and nicotinamide riboside (NR). NAD+ levels have been reported to decline during ageing and age-related diseases. Recent studies have shown that raising intracellular NAD+ levels represents a promising therapeutic strategy for age-associated degenerative diseases in general and to extend lifespan in small animal models. A systematic review of the literature available on Medline, Embase and Pubmed was undertaken to evaluate the potential health and/or longevity benefits due to increasing NAD+ levels. A total of 1545 articles were identified and 147 articles (113 preclinical and 34 clinical) met criteria for inclusion. Most studies indicated that the NAD+ precursors NAM, NR, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and to a lesser extent NAD+ and NADH had a favourable outcome on several age-related disorders associated with the accumulation of chronic oxidative stress, inflammation and impaired mitochondrial function. While these compounds presented with a limited acute toxicity profile, evidence is still quite limited and long-term human clinical trials are still nascent in the current literature. Potential risks in raising NAD+ levels in various clinical disorders using NAD+ precursors include the accumulation of putative toxic metabolites, tumorigenesis and promotion of cellular senescence. Therefore, NAD+ metabolism represents a promising target and further studies are needed to recapitulate the preclinical benefits in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Yue Liu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Tarantini S, Yabluchanskiy A, Csipo T, Fulop G, Kiss T, Balasubramanian P, DelFavero J, Ahire C, Ungvari A, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Farkas E, Benyo Z, Tóth A, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. Treatment with the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor PJ-34 improves cerebromicrovascular endothelial function, neurovascular coupling responses and cognitive performance in aged mice, supporting the NAD+ depletion hypothesis of neurovascular aging. GeroScience 2019; 41:533-542. [PMID: 31679124 PMCID: PMC6885075 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjustment of cerebral blood flow (CBF) to neuronal activity via neurovascular coupling (NVC) plays an important role in the maintenance of healthy cognitive function. Strong evidence demonstrates that age-related cerebromicrovascular endothelial dysfunction and consequential impairment of NVC responses contribute importantly to cognitive decline. Recent studies demonstrate that NAD+ availability decreases with age in the vasculature and that supplemental NAD+ precursors can ameliorate cerebrovascular dysfunction, rescuing NVC responses and improving cognitive performance in aged mice. The mechanisms underlying the age-related decline in [NAD+] in cells of the neurovascular unit are likely multifaceted and may include increased utilization of NAD+ by activated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1). The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that inhibition of PARP-1 activity may confer protective effects on neurovascular function in aging, similar to the recently demonstrated protective effects of treatment with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). To test this hypothesis, 24-month-old C57BL/6 mice were treated with PJ-34, a potent PARP inhibitor, for 2 weeks. NVC was assessed by measuring CBF responses (laser speckle contrast imaging) in the somatosensory whisker barrel cortex evoked by contralateral whisker stimulation. We found that NVC responses were significantly impaired in aged mice. Treatment with PJ-34 improved NVC responses by increasing endothelial NO-mediated vasodilation, which was associated with significantly improved spatial working memory. PJ-34 treatment also improved endothelium-dependent acetylcholine-induced relaxation of aorta rings. Thus, PARP-1 activation, likely by decreasing NAD+ availability, contributes to age-related endothelial dysfunction and neurovascular uncoupling, exacerbating cognitive decline. The cerebromicrovascular protective effects of pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1 highlight the preventive and therapeutic potential of treatments that restore NAD+ homeostasis as effective interventions in patients at risk for vascular cognitive impairment (VCI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Public Health/Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Tamas Csipo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Public Health/Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabor Fulop
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Medical Physics and Informatics/Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jordan DelFavero
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Chetan Ahire
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eszter Farkas
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Medical Physics and Informatics/Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Benyo
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research/Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research/Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Public Health/Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Medical Physics and Informatics/Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Myhill S, Booth NE, McLaren-Howard J. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in the treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) - a clinical audit. Int J Clin Exp Med 2012; 6:1-15. [PMID: 23236553 PMCID: PMC3515971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on an audit of 138 ME/CFS patients who attended a private practice and took the ATP Profile biomedical test. The results revealed that all of these patients had measureable mitochondrial dysfunction. A basic treatment regime, based on 1) eating the evolutionary correct stone-age diet, 2) ensuring optimum hours of good quality sleep, 3) taking a standard package of nutritional supplements, and 4) getting the right balance between work and rest, was recommended for all patients. Additions to the basic regime were tailored for each patient according to the results of the ATP Profile and additional nutritional tests and clues from the clinical history. Mitochondrial function is typically impaired in two ways: substrate or co-factor deficiency, and inhibition by chemicals, exogenous or endogenous. For the former, additional nutrients are recommended where there is a deficiency, and for the latter, improvement of anti-oxidant status and selective chelation therapy or far-infrared saunas are appropriate. We show case histories of nine patients who have taken the ATP Profile on three or four occasions, and a before-and-after treatment summary of the 34 patients who have had at least two ATP Profile tests separated by some months. Finally, we summarize the results for the 30 patients who followed all aspects of the treatment regime and compare them with the 4 patients who were lax on two or more aspects of the treatment regime. All patients who followed the treatment regime improved in mitochondrial function by on average a factor of 4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norman E Booth
- Department of Physics and Mansfield College, University of OxfordOxford UK
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