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Huang K, Zhu G. Fatty acid composition and energy allocation in muscle and gonad tissues indicate that the female mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari is an income breeder. J Fish Biol 2023; 103:460-471. [PMID: 37222289 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The energy density and fatty acid composition profiles of the muscle and gonad tissues of female mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari from the South Orkney Islands in Antarctica were investigated throughout ovarian development to better understand the reproductive allocation strategy and the role of specific fatty acids in the reproductive process. Energy density in gonads increased from resting to spawning stages as the ovaries developed (19.60-25.10 kJ g-1 dry mass [DM]). In contrast, energy density in muscles remained constant throughout ovarian development (20.13-22.87 kJ g-1 DM), suggesting that the spawning events of the C. gunnari rely on energy income from feeding rather than on the energy stored in body. In addition, the variation in fatty acid composition between muscle and gonad tissues may reflect the role of main FAs as energy source. These results suggest that C. gunnari may utilize an income breeding strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Polar Marine Ecosystem Group, The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai, China
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Zhu G, Li Y, Wang D, Liu H. Concentration and Distribution of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in Mackerel Icefish ( Champsocephalus gunnari) in South Georgia, Antarctic, During Winter. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3819-3828. [PMID: 34618314 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the essential and nonessential elements distribution and behavior in Antarctic fish is important for understanding the essentiality and requirements of minerals in the diet of those species, as well as the bioavailability and storage of trace minerals in the tissues of fishes. In this study, the levels of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead in muscle, intestine, liver, gill, and skin of mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari (Lönnberg, 1905) in South Georgia were determined during winter. The following element concentration ranking was recorded: Zn > Cu > Cd > Pb in the muscle, Zn > Cu > Cd > Pb in the skin, Zn > Cu > Cd > Pb in the intestine, Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd in liver, and Zn > Cu > Cd > Pb in the gill. The concentration of Zn is higher by about two orders of magnitude than that of the other three elements for the tissues. Generally, apart from Cu levels in the liver and Cd levels in the intestine, the correlation of elements in tissues with both size and weight of C. gunnari is not observed. The levels of elements were compared to those reported for C. gunnari in the Kerguelen waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Polar Marine Ecosystem Group, The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Yingying Li
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Danrong Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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Lee S, Koo MH, Han DW, Kim IC, Lee JH, Kim JH, Sultana R, Kim SY, Youn UJ, Kim JH. Comparison of Fatty Acid Contents and MMP-1 Inhibitory Effects of the Two Antarctic Fish, Notothenia rossii and Champsocephalus gunnari. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144554. [PMID: 35889426 PMCID: PMC9317339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Total fatty-acid (FA) contents of different organs (stomach, liver, brain, and skin) of two Antarctic fish, marbled rockcod (Notothenia rossii) and mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari), were examined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). N. rossii possessed higher contents of total omega-3, where eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most represented omega-3 FAs, were distributed throughout all parts of the fish. The highest level of EPA was observed in the skin and that of DHA was observed in the brain of N. rossii. C. gunnari showed organ peculiarity in that most of the omega-3 FAs were found in stomach and skin. Specifically, the highest levels of EPA and DHA were both observed in the stomach. Although N. rossii and C. gunnari both inhabit the Antarctic Southern Oceans, their characteristics in terms of the composition of fatty acids were shown to vary. The extracts were also evaluated for matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)-inhibitory activities in UVB-induced human dermal fibroblasts, where extracts of the skin and liver of N. rossii showed the most significant inhibition upon MMP-1 production. These findings provide experimental evidence that the extracts of the Antarctic fish could be utilized as bioactive nutrients, particularly in the enhancement of skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulah Lee
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (S.L.); (D.-W.H.); (I.-C.K.); (J.-H.K.)
- Seoul School of Integrated Sciences & Technologies (aSSIST), Seoul 03767, Korea
| | - Man Hyung Koo
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (M.H.K.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Dong-Won Han
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (S.L.); (D.-W.H.); (I.-C.K.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Il-Chan Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (S.L.); (D.-W.H.); (I.-C.K.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (M.H.K.); (J.H.L.)
- Polar Science, University of Science & Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (S.L.); (D.-W.H.); (I.-C.K.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Razia Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh;
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea;
| | - Ui Joung Youn
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (S.L.); (D.-W.H.); (I.-C.K.); (J.-H.K.)
- Polar Science, University of Science & Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea
- Correspondence: (U.J.Y.); (J.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-32-760-5562 (U.J.Y.); +82-32-760-5583 (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jin-Hyoung Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (S.L.); (D.-W.H.); (I.-C.K.); (J.-H.K.)
- Polar Science, University of Science & Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea
- Correspondence: (U.J.Y.); (J.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-32-760-5562 (U.J.Y.); +82-32-760-5583 (J.-H.K.)
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Young EF, Tysklind N, Meredith MP, de Bruyn M, Belchier M, Murphy EJ, Carvalho GR. Stepping stones to isolation: Impacts of a changing climate on the connectivity of fragmented fish populations. Evol Appl 2018; 11:978-994. [PMID: 29928304 PMCID: PMC5999207 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the marine environment, understanding the biophysical mechanisms that drive variability in larval dispersal and population connectivity is essential for estimating the potential impacts of climate change on the resilience and genetic structure of populations. Species whose populations are small, isolated and discontinuous in distribution will differ fundamentally in their response and resilience to environmental stress, compared with species that are broadly distributed, abundant and frequently exchange conspecifics. Here, we use an individual-based modelling approach, combined with a population genetics projection model, to consider the impacts of a warming climate on the population connectivity of two contrasting Antarctic fish species, Notothenia rossii and Champsocephalus gunnari. Focussing on the Scotia Sea region, sea surface temperatures are predicted to increase significantly by the end of the 21st century, resulting in reduced planktonic duration and increased egg and larval mortality. With shorter planktonic durations, the results of our study predict reduced dispersal of both species across the Scotia Sea, from Antarctic Peninsula sites to islands in the north and east, and increased dispersal among neighbouring sites, such as around the Antarctic Peninsula. Increased mortality modified the magnitude of population connectivity but had little effect on the overall patterns. Whilst the predicted changes in connectivity had little impact on the projected regional population genetic structure of N. rossii, which remained broadly genetically homogeneous within distances of ~1,500 km, the genetic isolation of C. gunnari populations in the northern Scotia Sea was predicted to increase with rising sea temperatures. Our study highlights the potential for increased isolation of island populations in a warming world, with implications for the resilience of populations and their ability to adapt to ongoing environmental change, a matter of high relevance to fisheries and ecosystem-level management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niklas Tysklind
- School of Biological SciencesBangor UniversityBangorGwyneddUK
- Present address:
INRAUMR8172 EcoFoGAgroParisTechCiradCNRSUniversité des AntillesUniversité de GuyaneKourouFrance
| | | | - Mark de Bruyn
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
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Kuhn T, Zizka VMA, Münster J, Klapper R, Mattiucci S, Kochmann J, Klimpel S. Lighten up the dark: metazoan parasites as indicators for the ecology of Antarctic crocodile icefish (Channichthyidae) from the north-west Antarctic Peninsula. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4638. [PMID: 29770270 PMCID: PMC5951144 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its remote and isolated location, Antarctica is home to a unique diversity of species. The harsh conditions have shaped a primarily highly adapted endemic fauna. This includes the notothenioid family Channichthyidae. Their exceptional physiological adaptations have made this family of icefish the focus of many studies. However, studies on their ecology, especially on their parasite fauna, are comparatively rare. Parasites, directly linked to the food chain, can function as biological indicators and provide valuable information on host ecology (e.g., trophic interactions) even in remote habitats with limited accessibility, such as the Southern Ocean. In the present study, channichthyid fish (Champsocephalus gunnari: n = 25, Chaenodraco wilsoni: n = 33, Neopagetopsis ionah: n = 3, Pagetopsis macropterus: n = 4, Pseudochaenichthys georgianus: n = 15) were collected off South Shetland Island, Elephant Island, and the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula (CCAML statistical subarea 48.1). The parasite fauna consisted of 14 genera and 15 species, belonging to the six taxonomic groups including Digenea (four species), Nematoda (four), Cestoda (two), Acanthocephala (one), Hirudinea (three), and Copepoda (one). The stomach contents were less diverse with only Crustacea (Euphausiacea, Amphipoda) recovered from all examined fishes. Overall, 15 new parasite-host records could be established, and possibly a undescribed genotype or even species might exist among the nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kuhn
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vera M A Zizka
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julian Münster
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Regina Klapper
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simonetta Mattiucci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Judith Kochmann
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sven Klimpel
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Young EF, Belchier M, Hauser L, Horsburgh GJ, Meredith MP, Murphy EJ, Pascoal S, Rock J, Tysklind N, Carvalho GR. Oceanography and life history predict contrasting genetic population structure in two Antarctic fish species. Evol Appl 2015; 8:486-509. [PMID: 26029262 PMCID: PMC4430772 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the key drivers of population connectivity in the marine environment is essential for the effective management of natural resources. Although several different approaches to evaluating connectivity have been used, they are rarely integrated quantitatively. Here, we use a 'seascape genetics' approach, by combining oceanographic modelling and microsatellite analyses, to understand the dominant influences on the population genetic structure of two Antarctic fishes with contrasting life histories, Champsocephalus gunnari and Notothenia rossii. The close accord between the model projections and empirical genetic structure demonstrated that passive dispersal during the planktonic early life stages is the dominant influence on patterns and extent of genetic structuring in both species. The shorter planktonic phase of C. gunnari restricts direct transport of larvae between distant populations, leading to stronger regional differentiation. By contrast, geographic distance did not affect differentiation in N. rossii, whose longer larval period promotes long-distance dispersal. Interannual variability in oceanographic flows strongly influenced the projected genetic structure, suggesting that shifts in circulation patterns due to climate change are likely to impact future genetic connectivity and opportunities for local adaptation, resilience and recovery from perturbations. Further development of realistic climate models is required to fully assess such potential impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorenz Hauser
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gavin J Horsburgh
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Sonia Pascoal
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Jennifer Rock
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK ; School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University Bangor, Gwynedd, UK ; Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Otago Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Niklas Tysklind
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University Bangor, Gwynedd, UK ; Present address: Campus Agronomique BP 709-97387, Kourou Cedex, France
| | - Gary R Carvalho
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
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